Optomechanical components are widely used in many optical experiments. This diploma thesis deals with design and manufacturing optomechanical components using 3D print technology. These are cheaper alternatives of commercial devices. In addition to 3D printed parts, minimum number of other components are used to assemble functional devices. Using simple experimental setups, the manufactured components are evaluated and compared with commercially available ones. The results show that they can be used in applications where high accuracy is not required. The second part is devoted to the design and manufacturing of a polarimeter as a mechanism combining electrical and mechanical components with 3D printed parts. The polarimeter is used to measure some properties of polarized light.

This thesis presents training of an end-to-end autoencoder model using the transformer, with an encoder that can encode sentences into fixed-length latent vectors and a decoder that can reconstruct the sentences using image representations. Encoding and decoding sentences to and from these image representations are central to the model design. This method allows new sentences to be generated by traversing the Euclidean space, which makes vector arithmetic possible using sentences. Machines excel in dealing with concrete numbers and calculations, but do not possess an innate infrastructure designed to help them understand abstract concepts like natural language. In order for a machine to process language, scaffolding must be provided wherein the abstract concept becomes concrete. The main objective of this research is to provide such scaffolding so that machines can process human language in an intuitive manner.