Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Cl. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1994.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. Univ. Zürich, 2009.

AIM: This systematic review enumerated the criteria used to determine the survival and success of the rehabilitation of the immediately loaded completely edentulous maxilla with surgically guided implant placement and restoration via fixed prostheses. By identifying these variables, the authors of this review hope to propose a new set of criteria that addresses current expectations of success and facilitates a better comparison of rehabilitation protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The electronic databases PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched for clinical studies of restoration of complete maxillary implant supported fixed dental prostheses. The analysis was confined to prospective studies with a minimum follow-up of 3 years and a minimum number of 10 patients published prior to June 24th, 2021. RESULTS: An initial total of 781 publications was screened from the database searches. After further screening by title and abstract using PRISMA protocol and defined inclusion/exclusion criteria, nine (9) articles were reviewed. Analysis for survival and success criteria resulted in the following: 1. It was difficult to define a conclusion from the selected articles since there was little uniformity as to study design and the criteria used to evaluate the data. 2. High implant and implant supported fixed prosthesis survival could be achieved in the short-term (less than 5 years) when at least 4 implants were placed. 3. The type of surgical guide used for implant placement did not affect the survival and success of implants and implant supported fixed prostheses. 4. Immediate loading of the prostheses did not affect the success and survival of implant and implant supported fixed prostheses. 5. Widely accepted and reproducible criteria should be established to facilitate a better comparison of future materials, rehabilitation protocols. 6. The author proposes the following: Proposed Success Criteria (Ramesh 2023) Successful (Optimal Health): 1. No pain or tenderness associated with function 2. 0 mobility 3. Radiographic bone loss of 20% or less of implant length from initial surgery 4. No bleeding on probing or exudate 5. <4 mild/moderate complications Satisfactory: 1. No pain associated with function 2. 0 mobility 3. Radiographic bone loss 20-40% of implant length 4. Peri-implant mucositis Compromised: 1. May have sensitivity associated with function 2. 0 mobility 3. Radiographic bone loss >40% of implant length 4. Peri-implantitis Failed (clinical or absolute failure): Any of the following: 1. Pain associated with function 2. Mobility 3. Uncontrolled exudate 4. No longer in mouth 5. Non-restorable *This criteria borrows concepts from the Pisa Consensus 200 7. The following list of considerations is necessary to include in all future implant study designs. Proposed necessary factors: 1. Standardized protocols a. Guide design b. Guide fabrication c. Defining conventional versus other methods 2. Maintenance intervals a. Recall with yearly data collection b. Maintenance visits (at least twice yearly) 3. Individual implant review findings 4. Consistent follow up (as previously defined on page 41) a. Must include all the necessary variables to determine implant success 5. Implant location a. Anterior: cuspids and forward b. Posterior: bicuspids and back 6. Implant details - brand, length, diameter 7. Prosthesis design and fabrication, dictated by existing or regenerated bone base

Objectives: As cone beam computerized tomography is used more widely for initial data collection and treatment planning, more valuable anatomic information is at the disposal of clinicians. The scans provide a very accurate display of the patient’s anatomy and these beneficial findings can be used to prevent surgical complications as well as advancing anatomical knowledge. This study aims to expand the current knowledge on the location of the infraorbital nerve in relation to the maxillary sinus in a group of patients who had CBCT scans taken for diagnosis and treatment planning. The study also aims to determine if age, gender or ethnicity have a relationship with the location of the nerve in relation to the sinus. Materials and Methods: 821 CBCT scans were take at Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology from January 1, 2009 to July 31, 2013. These scans were evaluated using i-CAT computer imaging software. Patients under 18, patients without posterior or maxillary dentitions and patients who’s scans did not include the infraorbital nerve were excluded from the study. A total of four hundred three (403) CBCT scans were included in the study. Patients with visible infraorbital nerves were selected and location, age, gender and ethnicity were recorded. Individual scans had infraorbital nerves identified and examined for relationship superior to a specific tooth, and distance above the floor of the sinus. Results: After reviewing 680 scans, only 403 were included in the study due to exclusions. Scans were subdivided into age, gender, ethnicity and location of the nerve in relation to tooth position. The total average distance from the infraorbital foramen to the floor of the maxillary sinus was 23.94 mm on the right side and 22.84 mm on the left side. The average distance of males was 25.3 mm on the right and 24.27 mm on the left. The females’ average distance was 22.77 mm on the right and 21.62 mm on the left. The distance increased as the patients aged. The most common maxillary tooth inferior to the foramen was second premolar 46.65% of time, followed by the first molar 41.69% of the time. The difference between genders, right and left sides, and age groups all showed statistical significance. The differences between the ethnicities were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the data collected and analyzed in the present study, the infraorbital foramen appeared to be located above the second premolar or first molar 88% of the time. The distance of the foramen from the floor of the sinus was larger in men than women. The right and left side can be different, and the distance tends to increase with the age of the patient. This information can be applied to better achieve local anesthetic delivery success, and avoid complications and nerve damage when performing procedures. / Oral Biology

INTRODUCTION: Orthopedic maxillary expansion, also commonly referred to as Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is a widely used orthodontic technique for early treatment of skeletal transverse deficiencies1. Condylar changes in response to RME have been observed using a variety of imaging techniques such as tomograms2, magnetic resonance imaging3-4 and cone beam computerized tomography5. To this day, most of the studies have focused on changes in condylar position after RME but to best our knowledge, no study has examined the changes in condylar shape and volume in addition to position. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to determine the long term effect of Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) on condylar shape, volume and orientation as well as on mandibular rotation. METHOD: Pre- and post-expansion cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of forty-four healthy subjects (mean age=11.8±2.06) who previously had undergone banded RME were selected from a CBCT repository. Due to extensive time range existing between the pre- and post-CBCTs (0.7-4.7y, average time = 2.4y ± 0.97), a stratified analysis was run to account for the subject’s growth. Two subgroups were created according to the Baccetti Cervical Maturation stage : a “growing” group (n=37, mean age=11.86y, diff CVM>1) and a “non-growing” group (n=7, mean age=11.73y, diff CVM<1). Linear, angular and volumetric changes as well as condylar surface area differences and changes in mandibular rotation were assessed on isolated 3D condyles using Mimics version 20.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). The condyles were segmented by a plane passing through the sigmoid notch (Snp) and parallel to a Frankfort Horizontal derivative plane (FHD). Changes in mandibular rotation were evaluated by analyzing the alterations in the angle between mandibular plane and FHD plane before and after RME. Paired T test was performed to compare pre- and post- expansion for all variables stated above. Statistical significance was set at <0.05. RESULTS: In the “growing” group, the right and left condylar heights and widths significantly increased by 0.61mm±1.19mm (p=0.0035), 0.80±1.26 (p=0.0005) and 1.01mm±0.95mm (p<0.0001), 0.89±0.93 (p<0.0001) respectively. The right and left condylar volumes significantly increased by 117.7mm3±149.3mm3 (p<0.0001) and 106.7mm3±133.5mm3 (p<0.0001), respectively. In the “non growing” group, the right condylar height and the right condylar width statistically increased by 1.56mm±1.65 and 0.42mm±0.42 respectively. The right and left condylar volumes also increased by 114.1mm3±104.3 and 141.5mm3±89.1 respectively. No statistically significant changes were found in condylar orientation and mandibular plane angle for either of the two sub-groups. CONCLUSION: Right condylar height, width, and right and left volumes were significantly increased after rapid maxillary expansion. No statistically significant effect on condylar orientation and mandibular plane was found. Condylar growth still remains to be an important co-founding factor which potentially affected the results of our study. A control group will be required to assess the effects of growth in our current findings to limit the effects of growth on our results.

Objectives: To investigate whether any changes in nasal cavity dimensions or subjective report of nasal symptoms exist after rapid maxillary expansion using two types of expansion appliances, comparing results with an untreated control group. Methods: Subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups: tooth-borne or bone-anchored expander or untreated control. Acoustic rhinometry was used to measure minimal cross-sectional area and volume of the nasal cavity over three timepionts for treatment subjects and two timepoints for control subjects, taken along with the NOSE Instrument survey. Results: No significant changes in nasal cavity dimension or subjective reports were found in subjects treated with tooth- or bone-anchored appliances compared to control subjects over three timepoints. In addition, non-significant correlation was observed between nasal airway dimensional change and subject symptoms. Conclusions: Rapid maxillary expansion does not result in change of i) nasal airway dimensions or ii) the sensation of nasal symptoms. / Orthodontics