Background Mental illness is one of the most stigmatized conditions in our society. Since 1990, Yankelovich [1] revealed that the mass media, including television and broadcast news, are the primary source of information about mental illness. The media are believed to play a major role in contributing to mental illness stigma via the images they portray of characters with mental illness as well as the misinformation communicated, inaccurate use of psychiatric terms, and unfavorable stereotypes of people with mental illness according to Wahl’s study [2]. However, little is known about the influence of Hong Kong media especially the TV broadcast. Therefore, this study is going to investigate Cantonese TV dramas which related on psychosis, which strongly influence the public recognition of the illness. Objective The objective of this study is to1)analyze the selected terms ‘ 痴線’ , ‘精神病’ ‘思覺失調’ and ‘精神分裂’ which were related to mental illness that present in the target dramas; 2) to investigate negative images of mental illness in the Cantonese TV dramas; 3)to investigate the relationship between the characters and the terms. Method This study investigated the domestic free television program service licensees TVB about the drama series they provide within 2001 to 2012 which broadcasted during 8pm to 10:30pm. The dramas in year 2001, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2011 and 2012 would be chosen. The terms‘ 痴線’ , ‘精神病’ ‘思覺失調’ and ‘精神分裂were selected to be analyzed. All episodes were classified by category and analyzed quantitatively. Results the term of痴線still remained the highest than other terms within the same period of these six selected year. In year 2007, the term of ‘思覺失調’ started being used 0.7% but still in a low frequency comparatively to 痴線13.3% and 精神病1.9Similar results were found in the year of 2011 and 2012. There was a decreased in using 痴線, from approximately 30 % to 10% from 2001 to 2012. There was also an obvious decrease in using the term of ‘精神病’ from 10% to 1% from 2001 to 2012. In general, many of the references to mental illness were about a character's actions in a situation rather than a character's nature or mental state. Characters who received these terms were depicted negatively in the majority of occurrences. Conclusion The stigma of psychiatric illness is a negative factor in its presentation, detection and treatment. The mass media’s power to impact public perception and the degree to which people are exposed to media representations makes the mass media one of the most significant influences in developed societies. Many studies including this study showed that the media tends to skew reality. People with mental illness were depicted in negative ways and it damaged their self-esteem as a result, they would not going to seek treatment. / published_or_final_version / Psychological Medicine / Master / Master of Psychological Medicine

published_or_final_version / Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

by Lily Man-ling Mak. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Dedication --- p.iii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.3 / Chapter 3. --- Research Design --- p.13 / Chapter 4. --- Conceptualizations & Research Questions --- p.16 / Chapter 5. --- Findings & Analysis --- p.18 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.64 / Bibliography --- p.67

Lee Yee Chong, Catherine. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references. / Acknowledgments / Abstract / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / The Media as Definer of Social Reality --- p.1 / Crime and Hong Kong -- A General Background (1989-1993) --- p.3 / Research Problem and Significance --- p.5 / Notes --- p.7 / Chapter II. --- THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK -- NEWS AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY --- p.9 / Park (1940) -- News as Knowledge --- p.9 / The Social Construction of Reality --- p.11 / The Foundation of Knowledge in Everyday Life --- p.11 / Society as Objective Reality --- p.12 / Society as Subjective Reality --- p.13 / Media and the Social Construction of Reality: Towards an Integration of Theory and Research --- p.14 / Gatekeeping Theory --- p.16 / Agenda Setting Theory --- p.17 / Media Agenda Setting --- p.18 / An Integrated Theoretical Model for Crime News Study --- p.19 / Conceptualization of social realities --- p.20 / Inference in the process of social construction of reality --- p.20 / Figure 1: Integrated Theoretical Model for Crime News Study Notes --- p.22 / Chapter III. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.24 / Understanding the News making Process --- p.24 / Empirical Research in Crime News (1950s - 1990s) --- p.25 / Crime News as a Distorted Reality -- Misrepresentation and biasin reporting --- p.25 / Criteria in News Reporting --- p.29 / How Crime News is Handled by the Press - -Differences in Media Agenda --- p.31 / Crime News and Criminal Activities in Contemporary Society --- p.33 / "Crime News, Public Attitude and Fear of Victimization" --- p.34 / Crime News in Chinese Newspapers --- p.35 / Major Publication in Crime and the Press (1970s - 1990s) --- p.36 / Quinney (1970) - -The Social Reality of Crime --- p.36 / Winick (1978) - -Deviance and Mass Media --- p.37 / Graber (1980) - -Crime News and the Public --- p.38 / "Ericson, Baranek and Chan (1987) --Visualizing Deviance: A Study of News Organization" --- p.41 / "Ericson, Baranek and Chan (1989) -- Negotiating Control: A Study of News Source" --- p.42 / "Ericson, Baranek and Chan (1991) - -Representing Order: Crime, Law, and Justice in the Mass Media" --- p.43 / Lotz (1991) - -Crime and the American Press --- p.44 / "Suretta (1992) -- Media, Crime, and Criminal Justices: Images and Realities" --- p.45 / Summary on Research Findings --- p.45 / Notes --- p.47 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES AND METHODOLOGIES --- p.50 / Research Hypotheses --- p.50 / Research Design --- p.52 / Definition of Crime --- p.52 / Background Information of Ming Pao and Oriental Daily News --- p.53 / Sampling and Data Collection Methods --- p.54 / Basic Research Design and Operationalization of Variables --- p.56 / Notes --- p.58 / Chapter V. --- CRIME NEWS IN HONG KONG --- p.59 / Size of Coverage and Various Visual Aids --- p.59 / Nature and Causes of Crime --- p.65 / Stereotypes of Suspects and Criminals --- p.67 / Stereotypes of Victims --- p.72 / "Sources, Information and Newsworthiness" --- p.73 / Image of Crime Fighting Institutions and Public Security --- p.78 / Distortions in Crime News Coverage --- p.80 / Official Reality versus Symbolic Reality --- p.81 / "Media Attention, Newsworthiness and Different Crime Topics" --- p.85 / Legitimating the Status of Law Enforcement Institutions --- p.87 / Differences in Media Agenda -- Elite Press versus Mass-Oriented Press --- p.88 / Notes --- p.92 / Chapter VI. --- THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF CRIME --- p.93 / Official News Sources and News Organizations --- p.95 / Market Differences and Media Agenda --- p.96 / Manufacturing A Universal Consensus against Crime --- p.98 / Summary on Discussion --- p.100 / Recommendations for Further Study --- p.101 / Notes --- p.102 / Chapter VII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.103 / Notes --- p.105 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.i -xii / Appendices / Appendix I -- Code Book --- p.1-13 / Appendix II --Table for sampling --- p.1-4 / Appendix III - -Score of Inter Coder Reliability Test --- p.1-2 / Appendix IV -- Important Crime Figures and Other Statistics --- p.1-11 / Appendix V -- Testing of Hypotheses --- p.1-2

by Cheung Yuk-ching, Doreen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves 179-188. / Chapter 7 --- Findings III: Hypotheses Testing --- p.99 / Mass Media / Family / School / Chapter 8 --- Findings IV: Relative Influence of Socializing Agents --- p.130 / Interaction among Agents / Relative Influence among Agents / Chapter 9 --- Discussion --- p.152 / Parental Influence / Problem of Perceived Parental Influence / Mass Media / School / Political Orientations / Shortcomings and Future Research Direction / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Fathers' birth place --- p.161 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Mothers' birth place --- p.161 / Chapter Appendix 3 --- Item-by-item correlations among perceived paternal attitudes --- p.162 / Chapter Appendix 4 --- Item-by-item correlations among perceived maternal attitudes --- p.163 / Questionnaire --- p.164 / Bibliography --- p.179 / Reference --- p.183

過去50年，香港媒體有關藥物成癮的主要概念主要來自對海洛因(俗稱「白粉」)吸毒者的想像。「吸毒者」通常被視為「對工作和家庭不負責任」，並且被描繪成「以犯罪獲得金錢購買毒品來紓緩嚴重的斷癮症狀。」然而，近年來，大部份青少年吸毒者吸食軟性毒品如氯胺酮和搖頭丸，而非海洛因。對青少年吸毒者而言，在道德和醫學概念上的「吸毒」定義並不符合他們的毒品經驗，原因是他們在使用藥物後並無嚴重的斷癮症狀。這種傳統毒品觀念與青少年吸毒者經驗之間的「矛盾」對戒毒和預防教育產生很大障礙。 / 本研究旨在找出現有主流媒體、戒毒機構及青少年吸毒者對「吸毒」的詮釋。本研究首先對禁毒政策進行歷史分析，以找出禁毒政策和現有的道德和醫學毒品論述之間的關係。另外，本研究對1978年至2008年的100個禁毒廣告及由1979年至2009年的26部禁毒電視新聞紀錄片進行文本及論述分析，以整合過去30年來本地媒體所運用的毒品論述。再者，本研究在一所福音戒毒中心（基督教得生團契）及一間社區戒毒輔導中心（香港路德會青欣中心）分別進行14個月及10個月民族誌考察，以檢視社工及青少年吸毒者如何運用主流媒體流行的毒品論述。 / 本研究發現主流媒體經常使用一種包含道德及醫學論述的「過來人」敘事法(go through narrative)。這種敘事法主要以吸毒「過來人」作為關鍵主體，去描述吸毒者最「真實」的「浪子回頭」故事，並且組成了主流的「浪子回頭」論述(Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse)，為吸毒者建立了一個「浪子」身份。另外，本研究亦發現媒體中常見的「過來人」敘事法亦常被社工及戒毒過來人應用，並將吸毒定性為生活方式問題。青少年吸毒者對主流論述的「浪子」身份表現出不同程度的適應，但這種敘述自我身份的靈活性仍被局限於「過來人」敘事法及其容許的論述原素(discursive components)當中。 / 在理論層面上，本研究歸納出形成社會異類身份的主流論述所涉及的社會、組織、及互動層面的因素。而且，本研究亦歸納出在主流論述控制下，社會異類者體現自我身份自主性的策略，包括：「漠不關心」(Indifference)、「完整接受」(Adoption)、「自我適應」(Adaptation)及「自我肯定」(Affirmation)。透過靈活表述社會異類行為的性質，他們肯定個人身份及對抗主流論述。然而這種敘述自我身份的靈活性仍被局限於主流論述原素當中。 / For over 50 years, the major conception of drug addiction in Hong Kong media comes from the imaginations of heroin addiction. Drug addicts are usually presented as irresponsible for job and family, and they commit crimes to get money to buy drugs in order to relieve serious withdrawal symptoms. However, in recent years, most youth addicts use ‘recreational drugs’ like ketamine and ecstasy rather than heroin. The moral and disease conceptions of drug addiction are not applicable in their drug-taking experiences because many youth psychotropic drug addicts find no severe withdrawal and tolerance symptom. The ‘gap’ between the conventional drug discourses and the experience of youth drug users produces dissonance among addicts, drug rehabilitation and preventive education. / This study aims at figure out the existing meanings of drug addiction in the mass media and drug rehabilitation. Firstly, a historical analysis on the government anti-drug policy was conducted to figure out the relationship between social policy and the moral and medical drug discourses. Secondly, textual analysis on 100 government anti-drug advertisements from 1978 to 2008 and discourse analysis on 26 local TV news documentaries about drug addiction from 1979 to 2009 were conducted to examine the mediated drug discourses. Thirdly, a 14-month ethnographic research in a Christianity drug rehabilitation camp (called the Christian New Being Fellowship) and a 10-month ethnographic research in a local drug rehabilitation-counseling center (called Hong Kong Lutheran Social Service Cheer Centre) have been conducted to reveal the current drug discourses consumed by the social workers and the youth drug addicts. / From the analysis on anti-drug TV advertisements and TV news documentaries, a “go through" narrative is identified which encapsulates the moral and medical drug discourses. Such narrative involves ex-addict as key subject who tells the “authentic" drug story of a “prodigal son". It contributes to a mediated dominant “Prodigal Son Returns Home" discourse that constitutes the ‘prodigal son’ identity of drug addicts. From the ethnographic studies in drug rehabilitation organizations, it is found that the “go through" narrative identified in media functions as an important discursive component for the social workers and professional ex- to present the nature of drug addiction. “Prodigal Son Returns Home" discourse could also be identified in drug rehabilitation, which morally defines drug addiction as personal misconduct and lifestyle problem. However, youth drug addicts adopt the ‘prodigal son’ identity to various extents. But such flexibility is restricted to selecting discursive components of the only available “go through narrative under rehabilitation. / This research makes theoretical contributions by identifying the factors in social, institutional and interactional dimensions that constitute the mediated dominant discourse of deviant identity. Besides, this research shows some tactics of the socially deviant in performing agency under the mediated dominant discourse, which include: “Indifference", “Adoption", “Adaptation", and “Affirmation". Socially deviants may favor their own personal identity and resist the mediated dominant discourse by flexible narration of deviant behavior, which is restricted by the available discursive components of the mediated dominant discourse. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Tsen, Wai Sing. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 516-534). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese; some appendixes also in Chinese. / Abstract of thesis entitled --- p.i / Acknowledgements --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables and Figures --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Current Conceptions of Drug Addiction -- 2 Dimensions --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Current problem of youth drug addiction in Hong Kong -- changing conceptions on drug experiences --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Challenge to the field: to negotiate a new conception of drug addiction --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Theoretical Implication: The Question of Mediated Dominant Discourse and Agency of Deviant Identity --- p.9 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Social Constructionist Approach on Drug Addiction --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- The concepts of ‘Drug Addiction’ --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Drug Addiction Models --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Moral Model --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Disease Model --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Social Learning Model --- p.15 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Identity Model --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- Symbolic Interactionism and Identity Transformation --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4 --- Social Construction of Drug Addiction --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- From Behaviorism to Discursive Psychology on Drug addiction --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6 --- Addiction as Social Accomplishment --- p.25 / Chapter 2.7 --- The Myth of Addiction -- A Functional Explanation for Drug Use --- p.29 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Attribution Bias in Drug Addiction --- p.30 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- The Paradox of ‘Scientific’ Evidence on Drug Addiction --- p.32 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Drug Addiction as Preferred Explanation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.8 --- Implications -- to Elucidate the Constituted Nature of Drug Addiction --- p.34 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Symbolic Interactionism on Deviant Identity --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Sociological Study of the Socially deviants --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Symbolic Interactionism: the Production of Self as Social Constructs --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3 --- Goffman: Deviant as Social Construction on Social Identity --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Becker: Deviant as Career on Social Label --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Issue of Power and Deviant Identity --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Research Issues and Methodology --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Discourse Analysis -- the Basic Principles --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Discourse of Normality and Deviant Discursive Power of Regulations --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- Discourse, Identity and Power --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Constructive Views on Social Identity --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Formation of Drug Addicts in Subject Position --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- From Interpellation to Discursive Construction of Subjects --- p.59 / Chapter 4.4 --- Intertextuality in Texts and Mediation -- Study of Narrative and Discourse --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Narrative and Identity --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Narrative of Recovery --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- The Structured Narrative of Recovery -- the Story of Professional Ex- --- p.70 / Chapter 4.5 --- Drug Discourses in Institutions Study of Disorders of Discourses --- p.72 / Chapter 4.6 --- Research Issues --- p.73 / Chapter 4.7 --- Research Methods --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Social and Historical Contexts of Drug Addiction in Hong Kong --- p.84 / Chapter 5.1 --- Historical Context of Drug Addiction in Hong Kong --- p.84 / Chapter 5.2 --- The Rise of Heroin Addiction in Hong Kong --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- The Construction of Moral and Disease Conceptions of Drug Addiction --- p.89 / Chapter 5.4 --- Recent Trend of Drug Addiction in Hong Kong --- p.93 / Chapter 5.5 --- Recent Youth Drug Addiction Profile -- the Rise of Psychotropic Substances --- p.96 / Chapter 5.6 --- Youth Attitudes on Drug Addiction --- p.98 / Chapter 5.7 --- The Influence of ‘Rave Culture’ and Psychotropic Drugs Addiction --- p.100 / Chapter 5.8 --- Cross Border Drug Addiction in Youth Community --- p.101 / Chapter 5.9 --- From Recreational Use to Personal Use of Psychotropic Drugs --- p.102 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation in Hong Kong --- p.106 / Chapter 6.1 --- Treatment Goals in Rehabilitation --- p.106 / Chapter 6.2 --- Treatments and Rehabilitation in Hong Kong --- p.108 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Compulsory Drug Treatment Scheme --- p.109 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Methadone Treatment Program in Hong Kong --- p.110 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Voluntary Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Programs --- p.113 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Substance Abuse Clinics and Counseling Program for Psychotropic Substance Abusers --- p.115 / Chapter 6.3 --- Christianity Drug Rehabilitation in Hong Kong --- p.115 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- The Early History of Christianity Drug Rehabilitation --- p.117 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- The Important Role of Operation Dawn --- p.120 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Further Development of Christianity Drug Rehabilitation in 1980s --- p.122 / Chapter 6.4 --- The Rise of Counseling Services for Psychotropic Substances Abusers --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Anti-Drug TV Advertisements -- Construction of Moral Drug Discourse in Hong Kong --- p.126 / Chapter 7.1 --- Paradoxical Linkage between Drug Addiction and Crime --- p.127 / Chapter 7.2 --- The Construction of Moral Conception of Drug Addiction in 1970s --- p.129 / Chapter 7.3 --- New Approach in 1980s the Incoming of Psychotropic Drugs. --- p.133 / Chapter 7.4 --- The Dilution of Moral Conception of Drug Addiction in the 1990s --- p.135 / Chapter 7.5 --- From Lifestyle Appeal to Re-invention of Moral Appeal in 2000s --- p.137 / Chapter 7.6 --- The Change of Moral Conception of Drug Addiction --- p.141 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Anti-Drug TV News Documentaries -- An Overview --- p.143 / Chapter 8.1 --- Categories and Distributions of TV News Documentaries from 1979-2009 --- p.144 / Chapter 8.2 --- Types of Informants in News Documentaries -- Who can speak? --- p.149 / Chapter 8.3 --- The Image of Drug Addicts in the News Documentaries --- p.154 / Chapter 8.4 --- Reported Types of Drugs Abused in News Documentaries --- p.156 / Chapter 8.5 --- Attributions of Drug Addiction given in News Documentaries --- p.158 / Chapter 8.6 --- Solutions of Drug Addiction in News Documentaries from Personal Misconduct to Societal Responsibility --- p.161 / Chapter 8.7 --- Consequences of Drug Addiction in News Documentaries to Construct Moral and Medical Drug Discourses --- p.164 / Chapter 8.8 --- The Importance of Christianity Drug Rehabilitation as Major Source of Informants in News Documentaries --- p.167 / Chapter 8.9 --- The Preferred Image of Drug Addicts in News Documentaries --- p.169 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Mediated Drug Discourses in TV News Documentaries --- p.171 / Chapter 9.1 --- Medical Discourse --- p.172 / Chapter 9.1.1 --- Medical Discourse in TV News Documentaries --- p.173 / Chapter 9.1.2 --- Defining Psychotropic Drug Addiction in Medical Discourse --- p.176 / Chapter 9.1.3 --- The Construction of ‘Addictive Substance’ --- p.178 / Chapter 9.2 --- Moral Discourse --- p.182 / Chapter 9.2.1 --- Moral Discourse in TV News Documentaries --- p.183 / Chapter 9.2.2 --- Moral Discourse and Heroin Addiction --- p.185 / Chapter 9.2.3 --- Dominant Role of Moral Drug Discourse --- p.191 / Chapter 9.3 --- Legal Discourse --- p.193 / Chapter 9.3.1 --- Legal Discourse in TV News Documentaries --- p.193 / Chapter 9.3.2 --- Functional Use of Legal Drug Discourse --- p.195 / Chapter 9.4 --- The Dominance of Moral and Medical Drug Discourses --- p.199 / Chapter Chapter 10: --- Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse Articulation of Drug Addict Identity in Go Through Narrative --- p.202 / Chapter 10.1 --- The ‘Go Through’ Narrative in Life Story Programs about Christianity Drug Rehabilitation --- p.203 / Chapter 10.1.1 --- Subject Positions in Life Story Programs on Christianity Drug Rehabilitation --- p.203 / Chapter 10.1.2 --- Stories by Addict / Ex-addict as Central Component --- p.205 / Chapter 10.1.3 --- The Role of Social Workers / Rehabilitation Practitioners / Relatives --- p.211 / Chapter 10.2 --- The ‘Go Through’ Narrative in Current Affairs Programs --- p.216 / Chapter 10.3 --- Summary: ‘Go Through’ Narrative in TV News Documentaries --- p.222 / Chapter 10.4 --- The Exception Alternatives and Disorders of Discourses --- p.225 / Chapter 10.5 --- The “Prodigal Son Returns Home" Discourse and the Personalization of Drug Problems --- p.228 / Chapter 10.6 --- ‘Prodigal Son Returns Home’ Discourse as Social Practice -- the Zheng Sheng College incident --- p.231 / Chapter 10.7 --- The Mediated Drug Discourses and the Preferred Identity of Drug Addicts --- p.236 / Chapter Chapter 11: --- Christianity Drug Rehabilitation and the Preferred ‘Prodigal Son’ Identity of Drug Addicts --- p.240 / Chapter 11.1 --- About the Field of Study: Christian New Being Fellowship (CNBF) --- p.241 / Chapter 11.1.1 --- Treatment Stages in the CNBF --- p.242 / Chapter 11.1.2 --- Training Programs in the CNBF --- p.243 / Chapter 11.2 --- Research Methods in the Field --- p.244 / Chapter 11.2.1 --- Participant Observation --- p.245 / Chapter 11.2.2 --- In-depth Interviews: the CNBF Trainees --- p.245 / Chapter 11.2.3 --- In-depth Interviews: Ex-addicts Helpers and Social Workers --- p.246 / Chapter 11.3 --- The “Scheduled" Life in CNBF --- p.246 / Chapter 11.4 --- The “Dull" Life in CNBF --- p.249 / Chapter 11.5 --- Ways to Tackle --- p.251 / Chapter 11.6 --- The Preferred “Prodigal Son Returns Home" Discourse in the CNBF --- p.255 / Chapter 11.6.1 --- Presenting the “Love" and “Heal" as Core Message --- p.255 / Chapter 11.6.2 --- Drug Addiction as “Lifestyle Problem" --- p.256 / Chapter 11.6.3 --- Professional ex- as the ‘Role Model’ of Lifestyle Transformation --- p.259 / Chapter 11.6.4 --- The Hitting Bottom Experience as Key to Recovery --- p.260 / Chapter 11.6.5 --- Sin, Heal and the Prodigal Son --- p.261 / Chapter 11.7 --- Oppositional Readings to the “Prodigal Son" Story of Drug Addiction --- p.265 / Chapter 11.7.1 --- The Narration of ‘Withdrawal’ Symptoms --- p.266 / Chapter 11.7.2 --- The Volitional Nature of Recreational Drug Use --- p.267 / Chapter 11.7.3 --- Functional Uses of drugs --- p.268 / Chapter 11.7.4 --- Habitual and ‘Harmless’ Usage of Drugs --- p.270 / Chapter 11.7.5 --- The Evil Heroin Addiction --- p.272 / Chapter 11.8 --- Hardship in Christianity Drug Rehabilitation the Resistance to “Prodigal Son Identity --- p.275 / Chapter Chapter 12: --- Outpatient Drug Counseling Centre The Strategic Use of Prodigal Son Identity --- p.279 / Chapter 12.1 --- The History and Information of Out-patient Drug Counseling Service --- p.281 / Chapter 12.1.1 --- Information about the Field of Study: Cheer Lutheran Centre --- p.282 / Chapter 12.1.2 --- Characteristics of Youth Drug Addicts in Cheers Centre --- p.285 / Chapter 12.2 --- Getting into the Field --- p.286 / Chapter 12.3 --- Comparison between the CNBF and Cheer Centre: Mode of Rehabilitation --- p.291 / Chapter 12.3.1 --- Major Differences in the Modes of Rehabilitation --- p.291 / Chapter 12.3.2 --- Difference in Goal of Rehabilitation --- p.293 / Chapter 12.3.3 --- Difference in Degree of Intimacy --- p.294 / Chapter 12.4 --- The Basic Format of Counseling Groups --- p.296 / Chapter 12.4.1 --- Themes of Motivational Groups: From Health Appeal to Self-Narrative of Lifestyle --- p.297 / Chapter 12.4.2 --- Themes of Relapse Prevention Group Self Narration and Positive Psychology --- p.299 / Chapter 12.4.3 --- The Important Role of Professional Ex- in Counseling Groups --- p.300 / Chapter 12.5 --- Comparison between the CNBF and Cheer Centre: Organization Practices --- p.301 / Chapter 12.5.1 --- Tight Regulations vs. Loose Regulations --- p.302 / Chapter 12.5.2 --- Surveillance Role vs. Serving Role of Social Workers --- p.303 / Chapter 12.5.3 --- Systematic Training vs. Loose Training of Professional Ex- --- p.305 / Chapter 12.6 --- The Preferred Narrative of Drug Addiction in Cheer Centre --- p.308 / Chapter 12.6.1 --- Health Appeal on Drug Addiction --- p.308 / Chapter 12.6.2 --- Moral Appeal on Drug Addiction --- p.310 / Chapter 12.6.3 --- Drug Addiction as a Lifestyle Problem --- p.311 / Chapter 12.6.4 --- The Identification of Addictive Use as Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.313 / Chapter 12.6.5 --- The Role of Positive Psychology --- p.314 / Chapter 12.7 --- The Resistance and Disorders of Discourse in Cheer Centre --- p.318 / Chapter 12.7.1 --- Resistance from Youth Addicts -- Tactics to Get Rid of Addict Identity --- p.318 / Chapter 12.7.2 --- Contradiction between Medical and Legal Discourses --- p.320 / Chapter 12.7.3 --- Disorders of Discourse: Hedonistic Discourse and Functional Use of Drug --- p.321 / Chapter 12.7.4 --- Ignorance of Marijuana Users -- Incapability of Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse --- p.323 / Chapter 12.7.5 --- Ignorance of Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.324 / Chapter 12.8 --- Adaptation by Youth Addicts -- Strategic Use of Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse --- p.325 / Chapter 12.9 --- Conclusion: Prodigal Son Returns Home Discourse in the CNBF and Cheers centre --- p.328 / Chapter Chapter 13: --- Drug Narratives of Youth Drug Addicts in Cheer Centre --- p.332 / Chapter 13.1 --- The Study of Self-Narrative as Part of the Drug Discourse --- p.333 / Chapter 13.2 --- Narrative Inquiry on Youth Drug Addicts’ Life Stories --- p.335 / Chapter 13.2.1 --- Dimensions in the Study of Self Narratives --- p.335 / Chapter 13.2.2 --- A Narrative Model in the Analysis of Drug Stories --- p.338 / Chapter 13.3 --- The Preferred Go Through Narrative of Drug Addiction --- p.340 / Chapter 13.3.1 --- Cases showing the Preferred Go Through Narrative of Drug Addiction --- p.341 / Chapter 13.3.2 --- Important Features of Preferred Go Through Narrative --- p.342 / Chapter 13.3.2.1 --- Capable of Presenting Drug Stories in Temporal Order --- p.343 / Chapter 13.3.2.2 --- Clear Identification of Addiction --- p.344 / Chapter 13.3.2.3 --- Concrete Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.346 / Chapter 13.3.2.4 --- Relating Drug Addiction to Lifestyle Problem --- p.347 / Chapter 13.3.2.5 --- Capable in Narrating Key to Recovery --- p.349 / Chapter 13.3.2.6 --- The Presentation of Stable Abstinent Identity --- p.349 / Chapter 13.4 --- The Habitual and Consumption Story of Drug Use --- p.351 / Chapter 13.4.1 --- Cases showing the Habitual and Consumption Story of Drug Use --- p.353 / Chapter 13.4.2 --- Important Features of the Habitual and Consumption Story --- p.354 / Chapter 13.4.2.1 --- Lack of Explicit Temporal Order in Drug Story --- p.355 / Chapter 13.4.2.2 --- Lack of Identification of Addiction --- p.356 / Chapter 13.4.2.3 --- Incapability to Articulate Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.357 / Chapter 13.4.2.4 --- Drug Use as Personal Consumption but not Lifestyle Problem --- p.358 / Chapter 13.4.2.5 --- Blurred Key to Recovery --- p.360 / Chapter 13.4.2.6 --- Lack of Stable Abstinent Identity --- p.361 / Chapter 13.5 --- The Flexible Prodigal Son Story of Drug Addiction --- p.362 / Chapter 13.5.1 --- Cases showing the Flexible Prodigal Son Story of Drug Addiction --- p.365 / Chapter 13.5.2 --- Important Features of the Flexible Prodigal Son Story --- p.368 / Chapter 13.5.2.1 --- Clear Temporal Order of Drug Story --- p.368 / Chapter 13.5.2.2 --- Clear Identification of Recreational Use to Addictive Use of Drugs --- p.369 / Chapter 13.5.2.3 --- Capability in Articulating the Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.370 / Chapter 13.5.2.4 --- Relating Drug Addiction to Lifestyle Problem --- p.371 / Chapter 13.5.2.5 --- Clear but Diverse Keys to Recovery --- p.372 / Chapter 13.5.2.6 --- Hybrid Abstinence Identity with Past Identity Practices --- p.373 / Chapter 13.6 --- In Struggle: The Ineffective Prodigal Son Story of Drug Addiction --- p.375 / Chapter 13.6.1 --- Cases showing the Ineffective Prodigal Story of Drug Addiction --- p.377 / Chapter 13.6.2 --- Important Features of the Ineffective Prodigal Son Story --- p.380 / Chapter 13.6.2.1 --- Lack of Clear Temporal Order of Drug Story --- p.380 / Chapter 13.6.2.2 --- Identification of Addictive Use of Drugs --- p.382 / Chapter 13.6.2.3 --- Not Concretely Articulating the Hitting Bottom Experience --- p.382 / Chapter 13.6.2.4 --- Implicitly Relate Drug Addiction to Lifestyle Problem --- p.383 / Chapter 13.6.2.5 --- Lack of Concrete Key to Recovery --- p.385 / Chapter 13.6.2.6 --- Suspicion of Self Abstinence Identity --- p.386 / Chapter 13.6.3 --- Key Differences between the Flexible Prodigal Son Story and the Ineffective Prodigal Son Story --- p.387 / Chapter 13.7 --- Conclusion: Discursive Formation of Deviant Identity through the Subject of Prodigal Son --- p.388 / Chapter Chapter 14: --- Conclusion Drug Addiction, Prodigal Son and Normalization of Drug Use --- p.394 / Chapter 14.1 --- Research Summary and Key Findings --- p.395 / Chapter 14.2 --- Answers to Research Questions: --- p.407 / Chapter 14.2.1 --- Answer to Research Question 1 --- p.408 / Chapter 14.2.2 --- Answer to Research Question 2 --- p.409 / Chapter 14.2.3 --- Answer to Research Question 3 --- p.413 / Chapter 14.3 --- Discussions and Implications --- p.414 / Chapter 14.3.1 --- Foucault’s Concept of Disciplinary Power Discursive Control by Prodigal Son Identity --- p.415 / Chapter 14.3.2 --- Goffman’s Concept of Role and Performance the Strategic Use of Prodigal Son as Impression Management --- p.422 / Chapter 14.3.3 --- Theoretical Implication: A Suggested Model of Agency under Mediated Dominant Discourse of Deviant Identity --- p.428 / Chapter 14.3.3.1 --- Suggested Conditions for the Constitution of Mediated Dominant Discourse of Deviant Identity --- p.429 / Chapter 14.3.3.2 --- Suggested Model of Agency under Mediated Dominant Discourse of Deviant Identity --- p.438 / Chapter 14.3.4 --- Social Implications and Limitations of Research --- p.449 / Chapter Appendix I: --- Drug Addiction Models --- p.455 / Chapter Appendix II: --- Major Treatment Modes of Drug Addiction in Hong Kong --- p.459 / Chapter Appendix III: --- Voluntary Residential Rehabilitation Programs in Hong Kong --- p.462 / Chapter Appendix IV: --- Lists and Summary of the selected Hong Kong Anti-drug TV APIs in 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2006 and 2008 --- p.464 / Chapter Appendix V: --- Attributions, Solutions and Consequences of Drug Addiction Reported by Informants in Anti-Drug TV News Documentaries --- p.481 / Chapter Appendix V: --- Interview Schedule for the Trainee Informants in the CNBF --- p.485 / Chapter Appendix VII: --- Interview Schedule for the CNBF Mentors --- p.487 / Chapter Appendix VIII: --- Socio-demographic Profile of the CNBF Informants and Interview Report --- p.491 / Chapter Appendix IX: --- Socio-demographic Profile of the Informants in Cheer Centre and Interview Reports --- p.503 / Chapter Appendix X: --- Interview Schedule for the Informants in Cheer Centre --- p.512 / Chapter Appendix XI: --- A Selected Glossary of Local Drug Addicts --- p.513 / Bibliography --- p.516

劉晨. / "2008年10月". / "2008 nian 10 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-100). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Liu Chen. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻綜述 --- p.5 / 民主、民主化與大眾媒介/民主政治與公共領域 --- p.5 / 作為一種民主理念的公共領域 --- p.8 / 公共領域與媒介 --- p.15 / 當代中國的公共領域與媒介環境 --- p.21 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究設計 --- p.28 / 研究問题 --- p.28 / 研究個案 --- p.32 / 案例´ؤ´ؤ廈門PX項目事件 --- p.32 / 為什麽是廈門PX項目事件？ --- p.33 / 研究方法 --- p.35 / Chapter 第四章 --- 研究發現之一：當代中國公共領域的現狀 --- p.38 / Chapter 第五章 --- 研究發現之二：公共領域背後的動因和條件 --- p.68 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結與討論 --- p.83 / 參考文獻 --- p.90 / 附錄 --- p.101

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Communication