The purpose of this qualitative study is to get secondary school students’ perspectives on how they encounter and use English outside school. Eleven students, six boys and five girls, at two secondary schools in the southern parts of Sweden have been interviewed for the study. The findings of the study show that the secondary school students interviewed in this studyhave many opportunities to use English outside of school. They play online computer games, watch American TV shows and movies, read books in English, listen to music and travel. The students are fond of English and realise the importance of English in society and for their future. They find English, as they encounter it outside of school, of great importance for their development of English.

Ce travail de recherche doctoral en sciences de l'information et de la communication propose d'appréhender un média, la télévision, en France, au printemps 2005. Cette période correspond à un épisode de mutation qui voit l'ancienne télévision analogique migrer vers un environnement numérique et informatique. Notre propos cherche à explorer la notion de média en articulant trois dimensions : le contexte, le discours et le format. Il s'agit d'explorer des mécanismes qui configurent les pratiques médiatiques, au printemps 2005, à travers : la définition d'un contexte d'innovation technique, l'analyse de discours d'actualité qui affirment des lignes éditoriales et enfin, la valorisation de la programmation et la conception de formats de programmes qui intègrent la culture numérique. Les objets construits au cours de cette recherche sont des formes médiatiques, composées de codes identifiables et marquées par le contexte culturel de leur production. En tant que pratique médiatique, la programmation télévisuelle est transversale. Elle assure une continuité entre les trois dimensions : le contexte dans lequel elle est agencée, les discours qui la prennent pour objet, enfin, les codes et formats télévisuels qu'elle intègre. Notre projet consiste à étudier la programmation télévisuelle comme un objet médiatique complexe, configuré par les enjeux techniques, industriels et économiques liés à la diffusion d'une innovation. Ainsi, dans une première partie, les modalités de la médiatisation des choix de programmation seront appréhendées en observant les discours d'actualité produits et diffusés le 31 mars 2005, à l'occasion du lancement en France de la télévision numérique terrestre. La nature éditoriale du média télévision, et la programmation comme objet de discours d'autopromotion seront mises en évidence. Puis, dans une deuxième partie, les nouvelles formes de la médiation de la programmation seront examinées à travers un corpus web, composé des pages des sites des chaînes de télévision pré-numériques. / "Discurses on innovation and broadcast programming mediations. Television in the digital age". This doctoral research in information and communication sciences (Media Studies) offers to understand the functional behaviour of a media, the television, in France, during the spring 2005. This period corresponds to an episode of change that sees the old analog TV migrate to a digital environment. Our work seeks to explore the notion of media articulating three dimensions : context, discourse and format. This is to explore mechanisms that shape media practices in the spring of 2005, through : the definition of a technical innovation context, the analysis of the news discourse which affirms editorial strategies and finally, the development of broadcast programming and programs designs that incorporate the digital culture. The objects built in this research are media forms, composed of identifiable codes and marked by the cultural context of their production. As a media practice, television programming is transversal. It ensures continuity between the three dimensions: the context in which it is arranged, the speeches which are intended, finally, the television codes and formats that are integrated. Our project is to study broadcast programming as a complex media object, configured by the technical, industrial and economic issues related to the diffusion of an innovation. Thus, in a first part, the terms of the media coverage of the scheduling choices will be understood by observing the news discourses produced and distributed on March the 31st 2005, at the launching in France of the digital terrestrial television. The editorial nature of television, and the broadcast programming as an object of discourse of self-promotion will be highlighted. Then, in a second part, the new mediation forms of scheduling will be examined through a web corpus, consisting of pre-digital broadcasters web pages.

Interactive cinema is a relatively unexplored area of film and new media studies. This thesis summarizes the theories and models which relate to interactivity, interactive narrative and interactive cinema that have been developed so far, and defines the main elements which the interactive cinema consists of. It sets this area in the context of new media and their properties, such as interactivity and convergence. It also briefly deals with interactive cinema from the historical perspective. The thesis explains the basic methods of narrative and visual analysis, especially in the context of interactive cinema. These findings are then used in the analysis of three films with a nonlinear narrative structure using viewers interaction. These movies are set into the models and theories that were introduced in the first part of this thesis. Finally, the films are compared and confronted with the author's hypothesis, which is based on the relatively negative public acceptance of interactive cinema.