Univ., Diss.--Düsseldorf, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. [387] - 423.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Ohio University, June, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität, Düsseldorf, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [387]-423).

The thesis deals with the concept of distributive justice in the context of health care, whereas the main point of view is transplantation medicine. The field of transplantology has been globally struggling with the lack of resources, but unlike other medical sectors, the deficiency is not in financial resources, but life savings organs. The vital organs need to be distributed in a justifiable way among patients registered on waiting lists. The paper aims to explore different approaches to such allocation and to assess them from the legal and ethical perspective. The first part of the thesis introduces the concept of distributive justice with an emphasis on the right to health care. Further focus is on transplantation, with a brief description of the history of transplantation activities and the development of the whole society's perception of this method. Another part of the paper is devoted to the ethical discussion and associated controversial issues, especially to those that may potentially influence the general lack of organs. The next chapters describe current legislation on transplantation at international, European and national level, as a legal framework for the system of allocation criteria, on basis of which the distribution of organs takes place in practice. For their assessment,...

The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the possible application of criminal liability instruments within pharmacy. Chapter 1 introduces the general aspects and processes within pharmacy, general terms, and short preview to the life cycle of innovative medicinal products. Chapter 2 contains the general definition and requirements of liability. There is also a short comparison of additional types of liability (such as civil, employee's, administrative and disciplinary) that can be applicable within pharmacy. The purpose of this comparison is to specify differences between individual liabilities and to prove that they can be applied conjointly. As an example of such a use I have described the "heparin murder" case. Chapter 3 is dedicated to criminal liability, with the explanation of general terms, especially crime, unlawfulness, offender, or grounds of justification. Chapter 4 focuses on the criminal liability of natural persons. After the general introduction in the first part, a list of potential crimes committable within pharmacy is given. Chapter 5 summarizes the criminal liability of legal persons. The first part focuses on the history of implementation in the Czech Republic, general terms, and definition of a legal person as a subject of criminal liability. The second part contains...

Thesis title: CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF PHYSICIANS IN GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS The purpose of my diploma thesis is to analyse the issue of criminal liability of physicians, especially physicians in Gynecology and Obstetrics. The thesis is divided into five main chapters and many subchapters. The first chapter serves as an introduction to the legal liability in general. I mention the categories of liability- civil and labour liability are just noticed in this task, while administrative and disciplinary liability are discussed and defined. The aim is to compare these liability in healthcare and emphasize the ultima ratio principle of criminal liability. Chapter Two defines relevant concepts of medical law. This chapter deals with the concept of acting lege artis, acting non lege artis, informed consent of patient and advance directives. These concepts are demonstrated on examples from practice and related jurisprudence. I also define the specilization of Gynecology and Obstetrics and its legislation. The third chapter explains basic terms and concepts connected with criminal liability and define the necessary conditions and circumstances for physicians to commit a crime. The second section of this chapter focuses on circumstances under which some normally unlawful acting might not be considered illegal....

Le Doyen Savatier écrivait en 1956 que « le droit médical se centre autour de l’acte médical. Celui-ci, propre au médecin, doit être défini par le juriste. » L’acte médical est ainsi au centre d’une discussion doctrinale. Il est défini par trois éléments : l’auteur de l’acte médical — le médecin —, la technique utilisée et le but poursuivi. Ces éléments de définition ne convainquent pas car le critère de l’auteur compétent est en fait un élément de régime, la définition de la technique médicale est fuyante et les buts assignés à l’acte médical sont en perpétuelle évolution. Nous procédons ici à une redéfinition de la notion en distinguant en son sein les actes médicaux sur le corps de la personne. Après avoir défini l’acte médical comme l’acte enseigné à la faculté de médecine, nous établissons une distinction entre les auteurs de l’acte médical en fonction de leur aptitude à diagnostiquer et donc à agir de manière autonome. Concernant les actes sur le corps de la personne humaine, nous démontrons qu’il est possible de distinguer les actes médicaux sur le corps des actes de biologie médicale avant de démontrer que la notion de « nécessité médicale » de l’article 16-3 du code civil ne reflète pas le fonctionnement actuel du droit puisque celui-ci, après avoir institué une autorisation générale pour les actes thérapeutiques, crée des autorisations spéciales pour les actes non thérapeutiques, ce qui nous a permis de créer une typologie de ces actes. Une théorie fondée sur l’acte médical permet ainsi de clarifier les différentes professions de santé et de mettre un terme aux incertitudes liées à l’existence de la notion de « nécessité médicale ». / Saying that the « medical law is centered on the medical act », dean Savatier was suggesting that this act « specific to the medical practitioner, has to be defined by the jurist. » Thus, the juridical literature has debated on this notion. It has be defined thanks to three elements : the author — the physician —, the technique used and the aim pursued. Theses elements aren’t so convincing : the author seems to be an element of the legal regime, the technique isn’t so easy to define and the aims are evolving fast. That is why a new definition has been created in this thesis, distinguishing in the notion the medical acts on the person’s body. Defining the medical act as the act taught at the faculty of medicine, we establish a classification of the professionals allowed to perform medical acts. This classification relies on their ability to diagnose and to act autonomously. Concerning the acts on the person’s body, we show that the « medical necessity » used by the article 16-3 of the french civil code is an unfair representation of the actual mechanism. This mechanism relies on the general autorisation of the therapeutic acts and add exception for the non therapeutic acts. Theses exceptions allows us to classify such acts. A theory based on the medical act allows us to make a clear distinction between the professionals allowed to perform medical acts and to solve the insecurity caused by the fussy notion of the « medical necessity ».

Civil liability in healthcare Abstract The topic of this master thesis is civil liability in healthcare. The aim of the author of this master thesis was to provide an analysis of the existing legislation, while also discussing individual aspects of legal liability, lex artis and as well as the individual actus reus of the duty to provide compensation for damage. The first chapter of the thesis deals with the hierarchical division of relevant legal sources with a focus on the regulation concerning the term lex artis. In the area of international law, the Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine is discussed, which can be considered as a basis for national regulation, namely the Health Services Act. In conclusion, a brief explanation of the Code of Ethics issued by the Czech Medical Chamber is provided. In the second chapter, the concept of civil liability and its influence on civil liability is explained first and then the author of this master thesis discusses the individual conceptual theories of civil liability. It specifically concerns civil liability as a threat of sanction, sanction conceptual theory, other concepts of legal liability and a current view on this issue. It is followed by individual conditions of liability and its functions. The third chapter deals with the terminological analysis of...