Ni/Mg/Al containing anionic clays of hydrotalcite-type structure with varying Ni/Mg ratio and constant Al content were synthesised by coprecipitation. Their composition and structure was determined by elemental analysis, XRD, TG-MS and DSC. Their calcination at 700-1000°C resulted in the transformation into the corresponding mixed metal oxides, with their structure depending on the calcination temperature. Temperature programmed reduction/oxidation and high temperature XRD studies were applied to study their reducibility, Ni dispersion and the oxidation of the formed metallic nickel particles. The partial oxidation of propane to syngas could be successfully performed at temperatures between 600 and 900°C over reduced Ni containing catalysts. The conversion of propane and the yield of syngas increased with increasing reaction temperature. The catalysts with a low to medium Ni content exhibited better catalytic performance than those with a higher Ni content or a conventional steam reforming catalyst used as reference. Coking was found to decrease with increasing reaction temperature and to increase with increasing Ni content. Since several factors characterising the catalysts (BET surface area, Mg content and available Ni surface) follow the same or the opposite trend with the Ni content, it was impossible to differentiate between these properties and their effect on the catalyst performance or coking. By the use of the best catalyst an at least two-fold increase in the yield of carbon monoxide and eight-fold increase in the yield of hydrogen was observed compared with the non-catalytic reaction. Further investigations were performed to study the influence of the feed ratio and the space velocity.

Due to legal requests in future the identity control of products will not only be required in pharmaceutical industry but also in chemical industry. Therefore the demands on the analytical methods are very high. The company Merck realized an identity control tool by combining NIR and Raman spectroscopy. This Tool is suited for identification of a broad range of organic and inorganic substances. In this work different chemometric methods and data pretreatments were tested. The NIR and the Raman library have been optimized and the validation results visualized. Alternatives as binary coding and wavelet transformation, which lead to data compression at the same time, were tested

The possibility of synthesis of (poly-)chalcogenide and chalcogenolate ions to manganese, iron and cobalt was expanded with the introduction of the donor ligand carbon monoxide. The metal atoms get than greater coordination numbers. So it was possible to synthesise new metal frameworks, p. e. Co11E7 in the complexes [Ph4P]2[Co11Se7(CO)10] and [Ph4P]2[Co11Te7(CO)10], in which the cobalt atoms built a inner centred pentagonal prism. In the examined reaction systems Mn2(CO)10/Na2Sex/Kat, Fe(CO)5/Na2Ex/Kat and Co2(CO)8/Na2Ex/Kat (E = Se or Te; x = 1 or 2; Kat = Ph4PCl or PPNCl) succeeded the synthesis of [Co6Se8(CO)6]-/2-anions as first anionic clusters of the M6E8L6 class. The difference between the new [Co6Se8(CO)4]- anion and the M6E8L6-complex class is the extraordinary compressed Co6-oktaeder and considerable shorter Co-Co-distances. In addition to the higher mentioned compounds it was possible to synthesise and characterize unambiguous with the aid of single crystal x-ray crystallography the following complexes: [Ph4P]2[Fe3Te(CO)9]; [Ph4P][Fe3EH(CO)9] für E=Se,Te; [Ph4P]2 [Fe4Te2(CO)14]; [Ph4P]2 [Fe6Se6(CO)12]; [Ph4P]2 [Mn3Se2(CO)9]. Worth mentioning is also the unusual square pyramidal coordination of the manganese atom in the [Ph4P][Mn(CO)5] crystal. Until now were only penta carbonyl complexes known with a trigonal bipyramidal coordination.

In the following thesis the thermotropic phase transition behaviour and structure-property-relations of semiflexible polyesters were investigated. These materials can be used in fibre optical blood-pressure sensors as resonator materials in a Fabry-Perot-Interferometer. PVT-measurements were carried out to determine the thermodynamic parameters alphaV(T) and kappa(P), and the validity of the Ehrenfest equations at glass transition temperatures was verified. These latter investigations showed no thermodynamic second order transition. By using alphaV(T) and kappa(P) for the calculation of the resonator-length-difference, the temperature- and pressure behaviour of the investigated polyesters was simulated. This simulation showed that small variations in the resonator length from increasing pressure agrees with the empirically determined values. An increasing number of methylene groups in the sidechain of the spacer molecule resulted in decreased melting- and glass transition temperature, which revealed the possibility to prepare thin polymer-films with 5-10 micrometer in diameter at low temperatures.

The vertical optical travelling-wave modulator represents a new high-frequency element for optical data processing. The modulator is designed for a wavelength of 1200 nm and combines the layered structure of vertical optical modulators based on pseudomorphic InGaAs/GaAs quantum-wells with microwave lines from the MMIC technology. The quantum confined Stark effect is used to modulate the optical signal. The multiple quantum-well structure is embedded into an asymmetrical Fabry-Perot resonator built from a Bragg reflector and an aluminum layer to increase the electrooptical effect. The modulators produces a reflectivity change of 0,28. Large scale travelling-wave modulators are capable of critical frequencies higher than 40 GHz. By varying the width of the central conductor of the microwave line, the slow-wave factor could be varied experimentally between 4.8 and 12,7. The applied microwave produces a modulation lattice along the microwave line which can be used in a high frequency beam-steering element for optical information processing

The author takes a close look at bilateral German-Japanese trade and direct investment data, employing various techniques (intensity indicators, RCA, intra-industry trade). It turns out that German-Japanese trade and FDI links are indeed rather limited, as has frequently been stated. A number of somewhat surprising pieces of evidence do emerge, though. For competitive industries and with respect to emerging opportunities, the bilateral figures do show a healthy performance

In jüngster Zeit ist das Phänomen der Korruption in der VR China wieder verstärkt in das Blickfeld gerückt. Wie allen ökonomischen Austauschbeziehungen, so stellt sich auch korrupten Transaktionen das Problem der Absicherung derselben gegen opportunistisches Verhalten. In diesem Beitrag werden die chinesischen Guanxi-Netzwerke als eine sowohl in funktionaler als auch transaktionstheoretischer Hinsicht optimale Lösung dieses Ordnungsproblems identifiziert. Dies resultiert daraus, dass Guanxi-Netzwerke es vermögen, durch die Bindung von Investitionen in social capital stark risikobehaftete Austauschbeziehungen in sich selbst durchsetzende Verträge zu transformieren. Die durch den forcierten Aufbau eines Rechtssystems in der VR China aufgeworfene Frage, ob hierdurch Guanxi-Netzwerke verdängt und somit letztlich auch das Phänomen der Korruption zurückgeführt werden könnte, wird abschlägig beantwortet. Eine Analyse der einen derartigen institutionellen Wandlungsprozess determinierenden Faktoren institutionelle L eistungsfähigkeit, Kostenstrukturen, Pfadabhängigkeit und embeddedness zeigt, dass eine substantielle Verdrängung der Guanxi-Netzwerke auch bei weiterer Stärkung des chinesischen Rechtssystems nicht zu erwarten ist. Von dieser Seite her kann also kein Impuls zur Reduzierung des Korruptionsphänomens in der VR China erwartet werden.

In the course of the last twenty plus years the intensity of economic exchange between China and Germany has increased dramatically. This development was triggered off most of all by the economic policy changes introduced by Deng Xiaoping in 1978. Since then, China has freed itself from its former self-imposed isolation and gradually integrated with the world economy. The market-oriented transformation process initiated in China in the late seventies created the preconditions for the resumption of economic contacts that had been largely stagnant in the preceding years. The gradual establishment of a market-based economic framework has step-by-step contributed to an economic environment that has allowed economic actors to exploit the comparative advantages of the economies concerned and enlarge the scope of labor division with China.

The present work describes the use of Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) as a detection method for specific thermolysis products with respect to the early recognition of fires. By using additional analytic methods such as simultaneous differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry (DTA/TG), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and Infrared spectrometry (IR) the specific thermolysis products depent on the temperature of the fire load were characterized and identified. While considering possible interference like e.g. varying atmospheric humidity the limits of detection and determination of the detectable gasses by IMS were determined.

Requirements for the use of computer-based scenarios as training tools are investigated. The first part of the text deals with the validity of computer-based scenarios as representations of real-life situations. Using the scenario "Motivator One", the complex situation of a manager is represented. Several studies argue for a sufficient validity of this scenario. Part two of the text focuses on the topic of polytelie in computer-based scenarios. In complex fields of action, actors develop idiosyncratic representations of goals, according to which they guide their activities. Therefore the use of computer-based scenarios for training-purposes often does not ensure comprehensive learning experiences. In an experimental setting, it is examined how this deficit can be compensated by providing objectives. Sixty students were to lead a virtual company in the computer-based scenario "Motivator One". During a training phase, character and sequence of objectives are varied. The aquisition of knowledge during this training phase and during the following transfer-phase is registered using different process indicators. Sentence verification tasks, teaching-back tasks and self estimations are used as additional knowledge diagnosing procedures. It can be shown that objectives are perceived as helpful. Nevertheless they do not become objectives exclusively guiding the participants actions but are integrated into the individual's structure of objectives. Though area specific knowledge is increased during training phase, objectives do not foster the knowledge acquisition process, which in contrast is affected by interindividually stable behaviour biases. The findings show very cleary that both action and knowledge aquisition process are heavily influenced by current indiosyncratic goals, which derive from individual objectives and prevailing situative conditions. Objectives are only one of several components in this field. Consequences for the use of computer-based scenarios as training tools are discussed.