[pt] Este trabalho avalia a coleta esporádica de dados em uma rede sem fio Bluetooth Mesh, usando o simulador OMNET (mais mais) INET. O coletor de dados é um nó sink em movimento, que poderia ser um smartphone ou outro dispositivo portátil, carregado por um pedestre, ciclista, animal, ou um drone. O nó sink poderia se conectar a uma rede mesh em áreas de difícil acesso onde não há acesso a internet, e coletar dados de sensores. Após implementar extensões ao Bluetooth Mesh, funcionalidades de nós Low Power e Friends no OMNET (mais mais), conseguimos propor e avaliar algoritmos para roteamento adaptativo, e com foco em mobilidade, de dados de sensores em direção ao nó sink. Uma variação de um dos algoritmos de roteamento propostos alcançou um aumento de 173,54 por cento na quantidade de dados únicos entregues ao nó sink em comparação ao algoritmo de roteamento padrão do Bluetooth Mesh. Neste caso, houve um aumento de apenas 4,63 por cento no consumo de energia para o mesmo cenário. Além disso, a taxa de entrega aumentou em 111.82 por cento. / [en] This work evaluates sporadic data collection on a Bluetooth Mesh network, using the OMNET (plus plus) INET simulator. The data collector is a roaming sink node, which could be a smartphone or other portable device, carried by a pedestrian, a biker, an animal, or a drone. The sink node could connect to a mesh network in hard-to-reach areas that do not have internet access and collect sensor data. After implementing Bluetooth Mesh relay extensions, Low Power, and Friend features in OMNET (plus plus), we were able to propose and evaluate algorithms for mobility-aware, adaptive, routing of sensor data towards the sink node. One variation of a proposed routing algorithm achieved a 173.54 percent increase in unique data delivered to the sink node compared to Bluetooth Mesh s default routing algorithm. In that case, there was only a 4.63 percent increase in energy consumption for the same scenario. Also, the delivery rate increased by 111.82 percent.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden praktische Protokolle für spontane drahtlose Multi-Hop Maschennetze vorgestellt, diese betrachten das drahtlose System ganzheitlich und berücksichtigen damit die Besonderheiten des drahtlosen Mediums, wie Fading, Interferenz sowie starke Signaldämpfung aufgrund von Entfernung bzw. Hindernissen. Interferenz ist eine Hauptursache für Paketverlust, Durchsatz und Latenz können durch die gleichzeitige Verwendung mehrerer interferenzfreier Kanäle verbessert werden. In Sensor- bzw. Community-Netzen kommt preiswerte und energiesparende Hardware zum Einsatz, die Verwendung zusätzlicher Antennen bzw. Radios ist deshalb nicht möglich. Andererseits werden aber zukünftige drahtlose Netze eine 100-mal höhere Knotendichte, verglichen mit heutigen Netzen, zeigen. Durch die Ausnutzung der im System inhärent vorliegenden Ressource Nutzer (Multi-User Diversität) werden durch Kooperation virtuelle Multi-Antennen und Multi-Radiosysteme aufgebaut. Aufgrund des großen Abstands zwischen den Knoten erreicht man erstens eine hohe räumliche Diversität und zweitens lassen sich damit auch negative Effekte, wie Interferenz zwischen benachbarten Kanälen, minimieren. Es werden Algorithmen sowohl für die Mediumzugriff- als auch die Routing-Schicht vorgestellt. Da keine spezielle physikalische Schicht notwendig ist, kann IEEE 802.11 verwendet werden. Schließlich kann auch auf die bereits heute verfügbare IEEE 802.11 Hardware, die nur eine Kanalumschaltzeit im Millisekundenbereich erlaubt, zurückgegriffen werden. Die zwei vorgestellten Protokolle eignen sich für Umgebungen mit hoher bzw. geringer Interferenz durch fremde WiFi-Netze. Bezüglich Durchsatz werden moderne Protokolle, wie DSR auf Basis von IEEE 802.11 und ETX-Metrik, um ein Vielfaches übertroffen, außerdem ist die Latenz klein und das TCP/IP-Protokoll kann unverändert verwendet werden. / In this work practical protocols are introduced for spontaneous wireless multi-hop mesh networks which contemplate the wireless system integrally and therefore take into account particular features of the wireless medium, like fading, interference as well as strong signal attenuation due to distance or obstacles. Interference is one of the main causes for packet loss. Throughput and latency can be improved by the simultaneous use of several non-interfering channels. In sensor or community networks inexpensive and energy-saving hardware is used. Additional antennas or radios are impossible therefore; on the other hand future wireless networks will show a 100 times higher node density in comparison with today''s networks, however. By the usage of the resource user (multi-user diversity), that is inherently present in the system virtual multi-antennas and multi-radio systems can be built up by cooperation. Firstly, a high spatial diversity can be achieved due to the large distance between the nodes and secondly, negative effects like interference can be minimized between neighboring channels. Algorithms are introduced both for medium access and routing layer. Since a special physical layer is not required IEEE 802.11 can be used. These days already available 802.11 hardware, which allows a channel switching time in milliseconds, is finally usable. The two protocols introduced here are suitable for environments with a high or low interference caused by foreign WiFi networks. Regarding their performance modern protocols like DSR based on 802.11 and ETX metric are surpassed by far. Moreover, the latency is small and the TCP/IP protocol can be used in its unchanged form.

In this thesis the possibilities of smart antenna systems in wireless mesh networks are examined. With respect to the individual smart antenna tradeoffs, a routing protocol (Modified HWMP, MHWMP) for IEEE 802.11s mesh networks is presented, that exploits the full range of benefits provided by smart antennas: MHWMP actively switches between the PHY-layer transmission/reception modes (multiplexing, beamforming and diversity) according to the wireless channel conditions. Spatial multiplexing and beamforming are used for unicast data transmissions, while antenna diversity is employed for efficient broadcasts. To adapt to the directional channel environment and to take full benefit of the PHY capabilities, a respective MAC scheme is employed. The presented protocol is tested in extensive simulation and the results are examined.

In this thesis the possibilities of smart antenna systems in wireless mesh networks are examined. With respect to the individual smart antenna tradeoffs, a routing protocol (Modified HWMP, MHWMP) for IEEE 802.11s mesh networks is presented, that exploits the full range of benefits provided by smart antennas: MHWMP actively switches between the PHY-layer transmission/reception modes (multiplexing, beamforming and diversity) according to the wireless channel conditions. Spatial multiplexing and beamforming are used for unicast data transmissions, while antenna diversity is employed for efficient broadcasts. To adapt to the directional channel environment and to take full benefit of the PHY capabilities, a respective MAC scheme is employed. The presented protocol is tested in extensive simulation and the results are examined.:1 Introduction 2 Wireless Mesh Networks 3 IEEE 802.11s 4 Smart Antenna Concepts 5 State of the Art: Wireless Mesh Networks with Smart Antennas 6 New Concepts 7 System Model 8 Results and Discussion 9 Conclusion and Future Work