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"Barriers to Closure" was a series of narratives specifically focusing on reoccurring thoughts, fears and anxieties within the artist's life. Instilled when he was younger, these anxieties were never resolved, thus creating additional fears as he grew into adolescence. Eventually they transformed into an intricate obstacle causing resolution to be a difficult task.These narratives are presented in thick bronze frames which constrain the content into a limited space. The pieces are purposefully small due to the artist's personal restriction of revealing what needs to be seen. Therefore, the viewer must draw closer to the piece in order to view the information presented and relate the body of work to their own hidden fears.This exhibition provided an outlet for the artist to deal with feelings that are difficult to explain/express. Communicating these anxieties through this series of visual narratives, assisted the artist in resolving many personal conflicts. / Department of Art

Photoswitchable molecular materials are of interest for optical data storage, optically controlled electronics, and light-controlled molecular machines or ‗smart‘ surfaces. A promising way to incorporate optical switchability into materials is by using organic photochromic molecules—which convert reversibly between two forms with light—as ligands in coordination complexes. This design allows for the intimate communication between ligand and metal such that light-induced photoisomerization may be used to modulate metal-based properties. Spirooxazines, photochromic systems that photochemically isomerize between nonconjugated ring-closed spirooxazine (SO) and highly conjugated ring-opened photomerocyanine (PMC) forms, were derivatized with a phenanthroline moiety to enable the binding of transition-metal ions. Two phenanthroline–spirooxazines, an indolyl derivative and an azahomoadamantyl derivative, were investigated in the context of chemical substitution and medium effects. The ring-opened PMC forms of the spirooxazines were characterized by solid- and/or solution-state methods to extract the relative contributions of the canonical quinoidal and zwitterionic resonance forms to their molecular structure. The PMC form of the azahomoadamantyl derivative was found to exhibit significant zwitterionic character, with demonstrated sensitivity to medium polarity. The pronounced zwitterionic character was correlated with the high stability of the PMC form, high photoresponsivity, and slow thermal relaxation rates in this class of spirooxazines. The relative ligand field strengths of the SO and PMC forms of the two phenanthroline–spirooxazines were analyzed using the FT-IR and 13C NMR carbonyl signals of their molybdenum–tetracarbonyl– spirooxazine complexes. Differences in metal–ligand bonding in the SO and PMC forms were also investigated by a density functional theory fragment molecular orbital analysis. The SO form was found to be a better π-acceptor both empirically and theoretically. Lastly, the spirooxazine ligands were incorporated into electronically bistable cobalt– dioxolene redox isomers, where the low-spin-CoIII/high-spin-CoII equilibrium is sensitive to ligand field strength. Using solution-state spectroscopic methods, it was shown that the redox state of the cobalt centre could be modulated through photoisomerization of the spirooxazine ligand. As changes in cobalt redox state are associated with changes in magnetic spin state, this system forms the basis for a room-temperature photomagnetic material and highlights the powerful role of photochromic phenanthroline–spirooxazine ligands in developing photoswitchable multifunctional materials. / Graduate / 0485

The purpose of this paper has been to examine the heavy metal band Sabatons use of history and to relate it to societal trends in today’s Sweden. I have examined Sabatons music, album covers and music videos in order to define a certain use of history. To do this I have used a use of history theory and a heavy metal theory. My results showed that some of Sabatons use of history could be defined as commercial and that the societal trends in today`s Sweden have in some cases affected the selection and presentation of events and characters that`s been portrayed by Sabaton. Earlier use of history in other forms of media, especially movies, has also played a part in the selection and presentation, which becomes particularly obvious in some of Sabatons music videos. However, an overall theme in my results have shown that the heavy metal cultures norms and ideas have been the main cause behind the selection, but especially the way characters and events is portrayed in their songs, an existential use of history.

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Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films have previously been used as organic insulating layers in compound semiconductor metal-insulator- semiconductor devices, with promising preliminary results. This thesis describes the first investigation of the use of LB films In gallium arsenide metal-insulator-semiconductor devices. Diodes incorporating thin layers of w-tricosenoic acid or substituted copper phthalocyanine possessed 'leaky' electrical characteristics, i.e. there is some conduction through the LB film. This 'leaky' behaviour was exploited to produce the first metal- Insulator-semiconductor-switch (MISS) incorporating an LB film. MISS devices on n-p(^+) GaAs were produced with good switching characteristics and a high yield (~90%), using LB film thicknesses between 9 and 33 nm. It was shown that the 'punch through' mechanism was responsible for the switching behaviour. p-n(^+) GaAs/LB film MISS diodes behaved rather differently, with good switching characteristics only found at reduced temperature. Some degradation of the characteristics of LB film MISS devices was noted, although this was reduced by using the more robust phthalocyanlne LB films. Metal-tunnel-insulator-semiconductor diodes were produced on the ternary alloy Ga(_.47)In(_.53)As, using LB film monolayers. The barrier height was apparently larger than that of Schottky barriers on this material, with a very substantial reduction in current density due to tunnelling through the LB film. Using this technique it may be possible to produce very high performance GaInAs fleld-effect-transistors, which are analogous to GaAs metal-semiconductor field effect transistors.

The high temperature and pressure synthesis of chlorophosphines from an alkene, white phosphorus and phosphorus trichloride yielded both mono- and diphosphine products. Chain and cyclic alkenes, dienes and terpenes were used as substrates forming chain, ring and bicyclic mono- and diphosphines. Many novel, even unique, chlorophosphines were prepared in good yield and characterised using (^31)P and (^13)C NMR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Simple alkenes readily reacted forming mono- and 1,2-diphosphines. However 1,5-cyclooctadiene formed a 1,4-addition product after double bond conjugation. Butadiene dimerised prior to reaction, generating either a 2,2'-diphospholane or a 1,4-bridged phosphabicyclic alkane in addition to 1,2- and 1,4-diphosphines. Terpenoid dichlorophosphines were prepared but could not be isolated or characterised, because the substrate isomerised under the reaction conditions generating many similar products. Aromatic rings did not react, although the exocyclic double bond of styrene did undergo reaction. Chiral phosphines were readily produced from unsymmetric pro-chiral, alkenes. Chlorophosphines are versatile precursors and, using standard organophosphorus techniques, were readily converted to phosphines, phosphites and other organophosphorus ligands suitable for chelation. Grignard reagents were used to prepare dimethyl derivatives, alcohols reacted with dichlorophosphines producing diethyl-, dimenthyl- or 1,4-butylphosphite derivatives, Piperazine also reacted although the products could not be fully characterised. Electronic properties (^Mn)χ) of the phosphines in manganese carbonyl halide derivatives were measured as a function of the A(_1)carbonyl stretching frequency. Substituent electronegativity was the most important factor in determining the π-acidity. Some dichloropalladium complexes were studied using 3ip NMR, although phosphine impurities complicated spectral interpretation. Iron and molybdenum hydrides reacted with dichlorophosphines to produce some unusual metal-phosphine compounds.

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