Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe atliekamas organizacijos mikroklimato filiale „Šiaulių geležinkelių infrastruktūra“, tyrimas. Organizacijos kultūra glaudžiai yra susijusi su organizacijos klimatu, kuris turi tiesioginę įtaką organizacijos veiklos rezultatams. Klimato tyrimai gali padėti nustatyti problemas veikloje, todėl svarbu žinoti, kokie veiksniai jį lemia. Taigi, galima išskirti pagrindinius veiksnius, kitaip sakant dimensijas, kurios atspindi organizacijos klimato kompleksą. Tai yra personalo tarpusavio santykiai, komunikacija, konfliktai, darbinis stresas, vadovavimas ir lyderystė bei motyvacija. / The Bachelor‘s thesis analyzes corporate microclimate in company branch „Šiauliai railway infrastructure“. The culture of organization is related to organization climate, which makes high influence to activity results. The results of the research may discover problems in activity, so it is very important to estimate, which factor determines it. It is worthy to present aspects that contains organization climate. Which is personnel relationships, communication, conflicts, work stress, management, leadership and motivation.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: We aimed to determine how canopy microclimate influences fruit quality and consumer preference in apples. Our postulate was that consumer preference would be higher for the taste, but not necessarily for the appearance of outer canopy fruit. Outer canopy fruit, exposed to higher irradiance and temperatures, accumulated more phenolics and ascorbic acid, and had higher antioxidant capacities in their peel compared to inner canopy fruit. Phenolic levels and antioxidant capacity were also higher in the flesh of outer canopy fruit while ascorbic acid was higher in the flesh of outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’. From a marketing perspective, outer canopy fruit can be seen as possessing greater potential health benefits. Outer canopy fruit were higher in dry matter content (DMC), sugars and TSS, but lower in TA in the first season of the study. The sweeter and less sour taste of outer canopy fruit was preferred in all three cultivars over two years of study. Sunburnt fruit were higher in DMC, TSS:TA ratio, lower in TA and were perceived to be the sweetest, least sour and lowest in apple flavour and textural attributes. The effect of canopy position on apple flavour and textural attributes was inconsistent. The redder outer canopy ‘Starking’ fruit were preferred by consumers because this cultivar is marketed with full red colour. The appearance of blushed, outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’, and sunburnt ‘Golden Delicious’ were not preferred by consumers. Consumers are not familiar with such fruit. Blushed ‘Granny Smith’ is downgraded and sometimes sold at a lower price while sunburnt apples are processed or dumped depending on sunburn severity. The consistency of these results was investigated in one season for ‘Golden Delicious’ from five locations. The consumer taste preference differential for inner and outer canopy fruit diminished as canopy size decreased. This indicates that there generally would be no benefit in harvesting and marketing outer and inner canopy ‘Golden Delicious’ separately. We investigated the effect of familiarity on consumer preference by utilising an “experienced” consumer group of farm labourers from Ceres who are familiar with all fruit on a tree compared to an “inexperienced” consumer group of Stellenbosch consumers who are only exposed to fruit on the commercial market and eat apples less frequently. Both groups preferred the taste and appearance of outer canopy ‘Starking’. The taste of sunburnt fruit was preferred by a substantial segment of both consumer groups, but the appearance was preferred by only some Ceres consumers. A small segment of Ceres consumers preferred the taste and appearance of the blushed outer canopy ‘Granny Smith’ and ‘Golden Delicious’ while some Stellenbosch consumers preferred the taste of outer canopy ‘Golden Delicious’, but not ‘Granny Smith’. Therefore, Ceres consumers who are more familiar with the taste attributes of sunburnt and blushed fruit of green cultivars have a higher preference for the appearance of these fruit. Based on our results, fruit marketers may be able to develop niche markets for outer canopy and sunburnt ‘Golden Delicious’ fruit. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ons het ondersoek hoe vrugkwaliteit en verbruikersvoorkeur in appels deur die blarekoepel mikroklimaat beïnvloed word. Ons vermoede was dat verbruikersvoorkeur hoër sou wees vir die smaak, maar nie noodwendig vir die voorkoms van vrugte aan die buitekant van die boom (buitevrugte) nie. Buitevrugte was blootgestel aan hoër ligstraling en temperature en hul skil het meer fenole en askorbiensuur geakkumuleer asook hoër antioksidantkapasiteit gehad vergeleke met binnevrugte. Fenole en die antioksidantkapasiteit was ook hoër in die vleis van buitevrugte terwyl askorbiensuur hoër was in die vleis van ‘Granny Smith’ buitevrugte. Vanuit bemarkingsperspektief kan buitevrugte gesien word as vrugte met hoër potensiële gesondheidsvoordele. Buitevrugte was hoër in droë materiaal inhoud (DMC), suikers en TSS, maar laer in TA, laasgenoemde slegs in die eerste seisoen van die studie. Verbruikers het die soeter en minder suur smaak van buitevrugte verkies in beide jare van die studie. Vrugte met sonbrand was hoër in DMC, TSS:TA verhouding, laer in TA en was die soetste, minste suur en laagste in appelgeur en tekstuureienskappe. Die effek van blaredakposisie op appelgeur en tekstuureienskappe was variërend. Verbruikers het die rooier buitevrugte van ‘Starking’ verkies. Ons reken dit is omdat hierdie kultivar as ‘n volrooiappel bemark word. Verbruikers het minder van die voorkoms van rooiblos ‘Granny Smith’ en ‘Golden Delicious’ asook van ‘Golden Delicious’ met sonbrand gehou. Verbruikers is nie vertroud met sulke vrugte nie. Rooiblos ‘Granny Smith’ appels word afgradeer en word soms teen laer pryse verkoop terwyl sonbrand appels geprosesseer of uitgeskot word afhangend van die graad van sonbrand. Die konsekwentheid van ons resultate is ondersoek met ‘Golden Delicious’ van vyf lokaliteite. Die smaakvoorkeur differensiaal tussen binne- en buitevrugte het afgeneem met afname in boomgrootte. Oor die algemeen sou daar dus geen voordeel wees om ‘Golden Delicious’ binne- en buitevrugte apart te oes en te bemark nie. Ons het die effek van vertroudheid op verbruikervoorkeur ondersoek deur gebruik te maak van “ervare” verbruikergroep bestaande uit plaasarbeiders in Ceres en “onervare” verbruikersgroep van Stellenbosch. Die Ceres verbruikers is vertroud met al die appels op die boom vergeleke met die Stellenbosch verbruikers wat net blootstelling het aan vrugte op die kommersiële mark en ook minder gereeld appels eet. Beide verbruikersgroepe het die voorkoms en smaak van ‘Starking’ buitevrugte verkies. Substansiële segment van beide verbruikersgroepe het die smaak van sonbrand vrugte verkies, maar die voorkoms van hierdie vrugte is slegs deur sommige Ceres verbruikers verkies. Klein segment Ceres verbruikers het die smaak en voorkoms van ‘Granny Smith’ en ‘Golden Delicious’ buitevrugte verkies terwyl sommige Stellenbosch verbruikers die smaak van ‘Golden Delicious’, maar nie ‘Granny Smith’ buitevrugte verkies het nie. Ceres verbruikers is meer vertroud met die smaakeienskappe van sonbrand en blosvrugte van groen kultivars en het gevolglik hoër voorkeur vir die voorkoms van hierdie vrugte. Gebaseer op ons resultate kan bemarkers moontlik nismark vir gebloste en sonbrand ‘Golden Delicious’ vrugte ontwikkel.

Spring plant phenology is often used as an indicator of a community response to climate change. Remote data and low-resolution climate models are typically used to predict phenology across a landscape; however, this tends to miss the nuances of microclimate, especially in a mountainous area with heterogeneous topography. I investigated how inter-annual variability in regional climate affects the distribution of microclimates (i.e., areas <100m2) and spring plant phenology across a 6400-hectare watershed within the Western Cascades in Oregon. Additionally, I created species-specific models of bud break at the microclimate scale, that could then be applied across a wider landscape. I found that years with warm winters, few storms and low snowpack have a homogenizing effect on microclimate and spring phenology events, and that bud break models developed at a local scale can be effectively applied across a broader landscape. This thesis includes previously unpublished coauthored material.

BRANCO, Kauberg Gomes Castelo. Microclimas e áreas verdes na cidade de Fortaleza - CE. 2014. 212 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em geografia)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-10-14T12:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kgcbranco.pdf: 13706329 bytes, checksum: 8d9c275d19008e80eb37bb7a1aafd22f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jairo Viana (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-10-18T18:53:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kgcbranco.pdf: 13706329 bytes, checksum: 8d9c275d19008e80eb37bb7a1aafd22f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-18T18:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_kgcbranco.pdf: 13706329 bytes, checksum: 8d9c275d19008e80eb37bb7a1aafd22f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / With the consolidation of Fortaleza as a major urban center in the ninth century and XX, and with the creation of its metropolitan region in the 1970s, is observed intensification in urban density and therefore a disclosure of city environmental problems, including those related to urban climate . In this perspective it was proposed to investigate, following the methodology of the Urban Climate System of Monteiro (1976, 2003), the climate in intra-urban areas of Fortaleza, specifically the green spaces and surroundings, aiming to analyze the thermal contrasts these areas with the gifted environments of construction. Samples were collected on representative days of contrasting seasonal periods, as follows: Autumn (on 25 and 26 April 2013), winter (27 and 28 August 2013), and the dry season with intense winds and Finally, in days (21 and 22 November 2013). Through the methodology proposed by Bargos, 2010, categorizing, spatial in Public Areas Green and potentially public. The description of each green area of ​​the city were also held. Consideration was also the green area per inhabitant Index (IAV), as territorial scale opted for Regional later cauculando She administered the distribution of green areas in the city as a whole. As a result, Fortaleza has somo result of Green Areas Mapping the total of 13.34 m² / h (Public green areas) and 1.88 m² / h (Green Area Public Potentially). We observed the variation in temperature significantly intra-urban environment in general. The inner points thermal amplitudes were lower than the external points, the latter being more warm in the four sample areas analyzed. / Com a consolidação de Fortaleza como importante núcleo urbano no século IX e XX, e com a criação de sua Região Metropolitana na década de 1970, é observada uma intensificação no adensamento urbano e consequentemente uma evidenciação dos problemas ambientais citadinos, inclusive aqueles ligados ao clima urbano. Nesta perspectiva foi proposto investigar, seguindo a metodologia do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976, 2003), o clima em áreas intra-urbanas de Fortaleza, mais especificamente os espaços verdes e adjacências, objetivando analisar os contrastes térmicos destas áreas com os ambientes dotados de construção. As coletas foram realizadas em dias representativos de períodos sazonais contrastantes, sendo eles: Outono (nos dias 25 e 26 de abril de 2013), inverno (27 e 28 de agosto de 2013), e o período seco com forte intensidade dos ventos e, por fim, nos dias (21 e 22 de Novembro de 2013). Por meio da metodologia proposta por Bargos, 2010, categorização, espacialização em Áreas Verdes Publicas e Potencialmente Públicas. A descrição de cada área verde da cidade também foram realizadas. Analisou-se ainda o Índice de área verde por Habitante (IAV), como escala territorial optou-se por Regional Administrava cauculando posteriormente a distribuição de áreas verdes na cidade como um todo. Como resultados, Fortaleza apresenta somo resultado do Mapeamento de Áreas verdes o total de 13,34 m²/h (áreas verdes Publicas) e de 1,88 m²/h (Área Verde Potencialmente Pública). Observou-se a variação das temperaturas de forma expressiva no ambiente intra-urbano de um modo geral. Nos pontos internos as amplitudes térmicas foram menores que os pontos externos, sendo estes últimos mostrando-se mais quentes nas quatro áreas amostrais analisadas.

O Cerrado é o bioma brasileiro que mais perdeu área para o agronegócio em anos recentes, verificando que a expansão da fronteira agrícola sobre o Cerrado provocou a pulverização dos remanescentes em fragmentos cada vez menores, imersos em matrizes de baixa similaridade, causando uma série de impactos negativos sobre o ecossistema natural. A fragmentação de habitats é considerada uma das mais graves ameaças à conservação da biodiversidade, com consequências ecológicas variáveis, intensificadas na faixa de transição entre matriz e fragmento. Os efeitos de borda são decorrentes de mudanças físicas e bióticas nas faixas marginais das ilhas de vegetação natural, que promovem modificações nas características microclimáticas, as quais conduzem a uma série de alterações importantes nas comunidades que compõem os ecossistemas. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a existência de efeito de borda e suas consequências sobre a comunidade vegetal do Cerrado stricto sensu. O estudo foi realizado em fragmento de Cerrado com área de 980,8 ha, localizado no município de Iaras, SP, cujo entorno foi ocupado por pastagem durante cerca de um século. Efetuou-se a caracterização estrutural e florística de diferentes estratos da vegetação em diferentes distâncias da borda (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 m) e coletaram-se dados microclimáticos na matriz (a 10 m de distância da borda) e no interior do fragmento, nas diferentes distâncias da borda e em duas estações do ano (seca e chuvosa). Investigou-se a existência de um possível gradiente de estrutura ou composição da vegetação relacionado com a distância da borda e com as variáveis microclimáticas. Os resultados obtidos mostraram não existir variações de microclima e de estrutura e composição do componente arbóreo e herbáceo-arbustivo em relação à distância da borda do fragmento. Embora independente do microclima e, portanto, diferente dos clássicos efeitos de borda, a invasão pela braquiária (Urochloa decumbens) foi detectada como a única consequência da exposição da periferia do Cerrado stricto sensu às pressões da matriz, causando exclusão das gramíneas nativas e inibindo o desenvolvimento de plantas lenhosas de pequeno porte. A ausência de efeito de borda sobre os demais componentes da vegetação sugere, em um primeiro momento, que esta não é uma ameaça importante para a conservação do cerrado. Porém, a invasão biológica pela gramínea africana é relativamente recente (foi introduzida há cerca de três décadas na propriedade) e suas consequências ainda não podem ser avaliadas adequadamente. É possível que seus impactos sobre os estratos superiores da vegetação venham a ser observados no futuro, quando a inibição da regeneração das espécies arbustivas e arbóreas comprometer a dinâmica da comunidade vegetal e a substituição dos adultos nas populações dessas espécies. Além disso, hoje a invasão só causa impactos significativos sobre a faixa de 0 a 20 m de distância da borda, mas não é possível prever se a gramínea invasora vai se expandir rumo ao núcleo do fragmento no futuro. / From the Brazilian biomes, the Cerrado has been the most widely and rapidly converted to agribusiness in recent years. The expansion of agricultural frontier over the Cerrado domain resulted in thousands of small fragments embedded in matrices of low similarity, causing a series of negative impacts on the natural ecosystem. Habitat fragmentation is considered one of the most serious threats to the conservation of biodiversity and ecological consequences vary, being intensified in the range of transition between matrix and fragment. The edge effects are caused by biotic and physical changes in marginal areas of the islands of natural vegetation, promoting changes in microclimatic characteristics, which leads to a series of important changes in the ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of edge effect and their consequences on the plant community of Cerrado sensu stricto. The study was conducted in Cerrado fragment with an area of 980.8 ha, located in the municipality of Iaras, SP, whose surrounding area was occupied by pasture for about a century. Structure and floristic composition of distinct vegetation layers was assessed at different distances from the edge (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 m). Climatic data were collected in two seasons (dry and wet), at the same distances withing the fragment and also in the matrix (10 m away from the edge). The existence of a gradient of vegetation composition or structure and the microclimatic variables related to distance from the edge was investigated. No changes in microclimate and structure or composition of the wood layers related to distance from the edge was observed. Although independent of the microclimate and therefore different from classic edge effects, invasion by the African grass Urochloa decumbens (braquiária) was detected as the only consequence of exposure of the periphery of the cerrado sensu stricto to the pressures of the matrix, causing the exclusion of native grasses and inhibiting the development of small woody plants. The absence of edge effect on other components of the vegetation suggests, at first, that this is not a major threat to the conservation of the Cerrado. However, the biological invasion by the African grass is relatively recent (it was locally introduced about three decades ago) and its consequences have not been adequately assessed. It is possible that their impacts on the upper strata of the vegetation may be observed in future, when the inhibition of regeneration of shrub and tree species jeopardize the dynamics of plant community and the replacement of adults in the populations of these species. In addition, at present the invasion has significant impacts only over 0-20 m from the edge, but it is impossible to predict whether the invasive grass will expand or not into the core area of the fragment in the future.

The thesis is focused on the comparison of several types of microclimates in enclosed places of livestock production, aimed at beef-raising. The goal is a making the comparison of final results of microclimate elements at two sorts of stabling. Stanchion housing versus opened housing.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Com a consolidaÃÃo de Fortaleza como importante nÃcleo urbano no sÃculo IX e XX, e com a criaÃÃo de sua RegiÃo Metropolitana na dÃcada de 1970, à observada uma intensificaÃÃo no adensamento urbano e consequentemente uma evidenciaÃÃo dos problemas ambientais citadinos, inclusive aqueles ligados ao clima urbano. Nesta perspectiva foi proposto investigar, seguindo a metodologia do Sistema Clima Urbano de Monteiro (1976, 2003), o clima em Ãreas intra-urbanas de Fortaleza, mais especificamente os espaÃos verdes e adjacÃncias, objetivando analisar os contrastes tÃrmicos destas Ãreas com os ambientes dotados de construÃÃo. As coletas foram realizadas em dias representativos de perÃodos sazonais contrastantes, sendo eles: Outono (nos dias 25 e 26 de abril de 2013), inverno (27 e 28 de agosto de 2013), e o perÃodo seco com forte intensidade dos ventos e, por fim, nos dias (21 e 22 de Novembro de 2013). Por meio da metodologia proposta por Bargos, 2010, categorizaÃÃo, espacializaÃÃo em Ãreas Verdes Publicas e Potencialmente PÃblicas. A descriÃÃo de cada Ãrea verde da cidade tambÃm foram realizadas. Analisou-se ainda o Ãndice de Ãrea verde por Habitante (IAV), como escala territorial optou-se por Regional Administrava cauculando posteriormente a distribuiÃÃo de Ãreas verdes na cidade como um todo. Como resultados, Fortaleza apresenta somo resultado do Mapeamento de Ãreas verdes o total de 13,34 mÂ/h (Ãreas verdes Publicas) e de 1,88 mÂ/h (Ãrea Verde Potencialmente PÃblica). Observou-se a variaÃÃo das temperaturas de forma expressiva no ambiente intra-urbano de um modo geral. Nos pontos internos as amplitudes tÃrmicas foram menores que os pontos externos, sendo estes Ãltimos mostrando-se mais quentes nas quatro Ãreas amostrais analisadas. / With the consolidation of Fortaleza as a major urban center in the ninth century and XX, and with the creation of its metropolitan region in the 1970s, is observed intensification in urban density and therefore a disclosure of city environmental problems, including those related to urban climate . In this perspective it was proposed to investigate, following the methodology of the Urban Climate System of Monteiro (1976, 2003), the climate in intra-urban areas of Fortaleza, specifically the green spaces and surroundings, aiming to analyze the thermal contrasts these areas with the gifted environments of construction. Samples were collected on representative days of contrasting seasonal periods, as follows: Autumn (on 25 and 26 April 2013), winter (27 and 28 August 2013), and the dry season with intense winds and Finally, in days (21 and 22 November 2013). Through the methodology proposed by Bargos, 2010, categorizing, spatial in Public Areas Green and potentially public. The description of each green area of &#8203;&#8203;the city were also held. Consideration was also the green area per inhabitant Index (IAV), as territorial scale opted for Regional later cauculando She administered the distribution of green areas in the city as a whole. As a result, Fortaleza has somo result of Green Areas Mapping the total of 13.34 m / h (Public green areas) and 1.88 m / h (Green Area Public Potentially). We observed the variation in temperature significantly intra-urban environment in general. The inner points thermal amplitudes were lower than the external points, the latter being more warm in the four sample areas analyzed.

Sistemas com semeadura direta sobre palhada são cada vez mais utilizados na agricultura, e a ramulose do algodoeiro, causada pelo fungo Coletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides Costa, é uma das doenças mais importantes na cultura. Foram realizados durante os anos de 2004/05, 2005/06 e 2006/07 na Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", USP/ESALQ, em Piracicaba, SP, experimentos com a cultura do algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. var. latifolium Hutch), conduzidos sob preparo do solo convencional com semeadura convencional do algodoeiro, e ausência de preparo do solo com semeadura do algodoeiro sobre palhada de milheto, com o objetivo de avaliar se as modificações microclimáticas causadas pela utilização da palhada de milheto em relação às variáveis temperatura e duração de período de molhamento foliar (DPM) poderiam interferir no desenvolvimento e evolução da ramulose do algodoeiro. Foi utilizado também o Índice de Favorabilidade temperatura-molhamento para a ramulose do algodoeiro, que utiliza os parâmetros temperatura e DPM no seu cálculo para explicar o desenvolvimento da doença entre os dois sistemas de semeadura. Os dados microclimáticos foram medidos por uma plataforma de aquisição de dados na região central da área experimental. Em blocos alternados entre os dois sistemas de semeadura, o patógeno foi inoculado artificialmente nas subparcelas dos blocos, e a doença foi avaliada por escala de notas (1 a 5). As médias de notas de sintomas de ramulose foram submetidas à análise estatística, através de testes não paramétricos. A fim de avaliar se a ausência de preparo poderia interferir no desenvolvimento das plantas, este também foi avaliado. Os resultados permitiram concluir que sob semeadura convencional, houve nos dois primeiros anos maiores médias de massa seca, altura de plantas, IAF, e que no terceiro ano foram constatados maior número de raízes laterais e maior número de plantas com encurvamento da raiz pivotante sob semeadura direta. O aumento da severidade da ramulose foi decorrente de interações muito particulares para cada período, onde muitas variáveis estão envolvidas, ou seja, características intrínsecas ao patógeno, à fase de desenvolvimento da planta e às condições macro e microclimáticas; O IF-tm teve uma boa relação com o aumento da severidade e diferenças na severidade da ramulose entre os dois sistemas de semeadura; Pode ocorrer maior severidade da ramulose para sistemas de produção convencionais em maior proporção do que em sistemas com utilização de palhada em períodos onde os valores de IF-tm são altos, associados à ocorrência de chuvas; Com Índices de Favorabilidade temperatura-molhamento menores que 0,500 não se observau aumento efetivo da severidade da ramulose em quaisquer sistema de semeadura, mesmo havendo outras condições favoráveis; O sistema de semeadura utilizado não influenciou na produtividade da cultura. / Systems with direct seeding over mulching are more often used in agriculture, and the Ramulosis from the cotton plant caused by the fungus Coletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides Costa, one of the most important diseases in cotton crop. During the years of 2004/05, 2005/06; and 2006/07at the University of Agriculture "Luiz De Quieroz", USP/ ESALQ, in Piracicaba, SP, experiments were made with the cotton crop (Gossypium hirsutum L. var latifolium Hutch), under the preparation of conventional tillage with conventional seeding of the cotton crop and the absence of the preparation of the tillage with the seeding of the cotton crop over the mulching of millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) with the objective to evaluate if the modifications microclimates caused by the use of the mulching of millet in relation to the variables temperatures and the leaf wetness duration, (LWD) could interfere on the development of the ramulosis of the cotton crop. It was also used the Favorability Index for the ramulosis of the cotton crop which uses the temperature parameter and DPM in its calculation to explain the development of the disease between the two systems of seeding. The Weather variables data were measured by a platform of acquisition of data in the central zone of the experimental area. In alternated blocks between both systems of seeding, the pathogen was inoculated artificially and the disease was measured by scales from 1 to 5. The average of ramulosis was submitted to a statistic analysis through not parametric tests with the intent to find out if the absence of the preparation could interfere on the development of the plants, which was also evaluated. The results enable the conclusion that through conventional seeding, on the first two years there was an average of higher dry mass higher height of the plants, IAF, and in the third year it was found a higher number of lateral roots and a higher number of plants with bending on the primary roots over direct seeding. The increase of the severity of the ramulosis happened due to specific interactions for each period where many variables were involved, which means, intrinsic characteristic to the at the stage of the development of the plant and the conditions macro and microclimates. The Favorability Index had a good relation with the increase and the differences within the severity of the ramulosis between both systems of seeding. Higher severity of the ramulosis can occur for conventional systems of production in bigger proportions than in systems that uses the mulching in periods where the value of the IF-tm are high, associated to rain. With indications of Favorability Index lower than 0,500 there is no evidence of the effective increase of the severity of the ramulosis in any system of the seeding. The system of seeding used does not affect in the productivity of the cotton crop.

No description available.