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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Environmental factors influencing microcystin distribution and concentration in Midwestern lakes /

Graham, Jennifer L., January 2004 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2004. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-94). Also available on the Internet.
12

Selective bio-analytical methods for specific identification and detection of toxic microcystis species and microcystins in water

Mbukwa, Elbert Anyambilile 24 July 2013 (has links)
D.Phil. (Chemistry) / Please refer to full text to view abstract
13

Desenvolvimento de biossensores amperométricos à base de acetilcolinesterase para detecção de microcistinas / Development of Acetylcholinesterase-based Amperometric Biosensors for the detection of Microcystins

Souto, Laiane Araújo da Silva 13 December 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Rosivalda Pereira (mrs.pereira@ufma.br) on 2017-06-02T20:43:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSouto.pdf: 1543926 bytes, checksum: b4812ad4c2c00b039863648640d563e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-02T20:43:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSouto.pdf: 1543926 bytes, checksum: b4812ad4c2c00b039863648640d563e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / Microcystin (MC-LR) are a class hepatotoxins produced by cyanobacteria in surface water. scientific records show that the MC-LR, inhibits the action of intracellular proteins, alkaline phosphatases, but has also been proven to increase the enzyme acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) by the MC-LR action. Therefore, this study aimed to develop biosensors amperometric based AChE enzyme for indirect detection of MC-LR. For construction of the working electrode, a powder graphite paste containing hidroxicetilcelulose (HEC), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glutaraldehyde (Glu) was prepared. The slurry was incorporated into the AChE enzyme extracted bovine erythrocyte (EB) and electric eel (EE) as well as enzymes derived from Drosophila melanogaster was tested genetically modificadas.Também enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) obtained from human serum. A portion of the sensitive paste was deposited in the screen-printed sensor working electrode and performed characterization tests involving differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry. cronoamperométricas readings were performed and the percentage built on activation curves (% RA) as a function of the concentration of MC-LR. Some operating conditions, such as working potential, electrochemical mediator, medium pH and substrate concentration, were optimized. enzyme activation assays showed that the EE-AChE enzyme showed best results percent relative activation (% RA) (> 10%), these values being directly proportional to the concentration of MC-LR. The biosensor developed proved accurate (CV ~ 8.32%), sensitive (Ld 0.27 μg .L-1 and LQ 0.91 μg .L-1) and accurate (recovery rates varying from 73 to 105%). The initial study proved to be the right biosensor to verify the presence of MC-LR in aquatic environments, this being then used in monitoring pollutant seven points of Bacanga River, an important aquatic ecosystem of San Luis, MA. The results indicated that there was no significant contamination. / Microcistinas (MC-LR) são uma classe de hepatotoxinas produzidas por cianobactérias em águas de superfície. Registros científicos comprovam que a MC-LR inibe a ação de proteínas intracelulares, as fosfatases alcalinas, mas também foi comprovado que sua ação aumenta a atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE). Portanto, esse trabalho objetivou desenvolver biossensores amperométricos à base da enzima AChE para detecção indireta da MC-LR. Para construção do eletrodo de trabalho, foi preparada uma pasta de grafite em pó contendo hidroxicetilcelulose (HEC), soroalbumina bovina (BSA) e glutaraldeído (Glu). A pasta foi incorporada às enzimas AChE extraídas do eritrócito bovino (EB) e da enguia elétrica (EE), bem como enzimas geneticamente modificadas extraídas da Drosophila melanogaster. Também foi testada a enzima butirilcolinesterase (BChE) obtida de soro humano. Uma porção da pasta sensivel foi depositada no eletrodo de trabalho de sensores serigrafados, e realizados testes de caracterização envolvendo voltametria de pulso diferencial e voltametria cíclica. Leituras cronoamperométricas foram realizadas, em seguida, construídas curvas da ativação relativa percentual (AR%) em função da concentração da MC-LR. As seguintes condições operacionais: potencial de trabalho, mediador eletroquímico, pH do meio e concentração do substrato, foram otimizadas. Os ensaios de ativação enzimática revelaram que a enzima AChE (EE) apresentou melhores resultados de ativação relativa percentual (AR %) (>10%), sendo esses valores diretamente proporcionais à concentração da MC-LR. O biossensor desenvolvido mostrou-se preciso Coeficiente de Variação (CV ~ 8,32%), sensível Limite de detecção e Quantificação (LD 0,27 μgL-1 e LQ 0,91 μgL-1) e exato (índices de recuperação variando de 73 a 105%). O estudo revelou ser o biossensor adequado à verificação da presença de MC-LR em ambientes aquáticos, tendo sido este então utilizado no monitoramento do poluente em sete pontos do Rio Bacanga, um importante ecossistema aquático de São Luis, MA. Os resultados indicaram não haver uma importante contaminação desse poluente nas áreas investigadas.
14

Tumour promotion by the cyanobacterial toxin microcystin / by Andrew Raymond Humpage.

Humpage, Andrew Raymond January 1997 (has links)
Bibliography: leaves 235-265. / xvi, 265 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Examines the tumour promoting effects of the microcystins through a long-term study in which cyanobacterial extract containing a range of microcystins was given in drinking water to mice previously treated with the tumour initiator N-nitroso-N-methyluren by gavage ; and through examining the effects of pure microcystin-LR in cultured primary hepatocytes from immature mice. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, 1998?
15

Bioactive metabolites from microorganisms /

Drummond, Allison K. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 71-75)
16

Efeito de compostos inorgânicos, herbicidas e extratos foliares no desenvolvimento de microcystis aeruginosa e produção de microcistina / Effect of inorganic compounds, herbicides and plant extracts in the devolopment of microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin production

Tropaldi, Leandro [UNESP] 27 November 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-07T17:12:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-11-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-06-07T17:17:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000865079.pdf: 1523700 bytes, checksum: bb0756ba80b878d9f2f3615012a3d806 (MD5) / A qualidade da água de muitos corpos hídricos superficiais tem sido comprometida devido à ocorrência de florações de cianobactérias tóxicas. Muitas espécies, incluindo a Microcystis aeruginosa produzem toxinas naturais, como as microcistinas, que geram grandes riscos ambientais e à saúde pública. Assim, a adoção de medidas que visem o controle das florações é necessária. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de substâncias e biomassas foliares sobre o desenvolvimento de M. aeruginosa e na produção de microcistina LR, tendo em vista a necessidade de produzir informações que possam subsidiar programas de manejo de florações. Dentre os compostos testados, o diquat, o diuron e o sulfato de cobre foram mais efetivos em reduzir o teor de clorofila α e o acúmulo de microcistina LR. Nos estudos com teor inicial de clorofila α de 0,5mg L-1 o diquat demonstrou elevado potencial de controle de M. aeruginosa nas concentrações de 0,1 e 0,2mg L-1. O diuron foi mais efetivo em reduzir os teores de microcistina LR total do que em reduzir os teores de clorofila α, apresentando reduções nos teores de microcistinas LR superiores a 75% em todas as concentrações avaliadas. O sulfato de cobre utilizado na concentração de 0,2mg L-1 foi efetivo na redução dos teores de clorofila α e microcistina LR total. Para esses compostos, a eficiência foi menor quando a aplicação ocorreu em unidades experimentais com clorofila α (3,34mg L-1). Porém, ficou evidente que mesmo se os compostos controlassem efetivamente a M. aeruginosa, reduzindo o teor de clorofila α, a microcistina LR seria preservada e liberada na água, portanto, o controle deve ser feito precocemente para evitar que grandes quantidades da ... / The water quality of many surface water bodies have been compromised due to occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Many species, including Microcystis aeruginosa produce natural toxins, such as microcystins, which offer high risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, the adoption of measures to control blooms is required. This research aims to evaluate the effect of different types of substances and foliar biomass on the development of M. aeruginosa and producing microcystin-LR, in view of the need to produce information that can support blooms management programs. Effects of organic compounds, with or without known herbicide action, inorganic compounds biomass of Brazilian tree native species and green manure were evaluated on chlorophyll-α content and accumulation of microcystin-LR in M. aeruginosa. Among the tested compounds diquat, diuron and copper sulfate were most effective in reducing chlorophyll-α content and microcystin-LR accumulation. In studies with initial chlorophyll content of 0.5 mg L-1 diquat showed high potential to control M. aeruginosa at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1. Diuron was more effective in reducing the total microcystin-LR content than ...
17

Variação espacial e temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica no reservatório de Guarapiranga - SP / Spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in the Guarapiranga reservoir - SP

Machado, Leila dos Santos [UNESP] 16 June 2016 (has links)
Submitted by LEILA DOS SANTOS null (leila_snt@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-02T15:43:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leila_dissertacao_oficial.pdf: 2340865 bytes, checksum: b4f4ed59eacc2ee741e0e082a9417b01 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-03T16:55:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_ls_me_soro.pdf: 2340865 bytes, checksum: b4f4ed59eacc2ee741e0e082a9417b01 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:55:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 machado_ls_me_soro.pdf: 2340865 bytes, checksum: b4f4ed59eacc2ee741e0e082a9417b01 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-16 / Em geral, é comum que os reservatórios no Brasil apresentem características propensas a eutrofização, constituindo ecossistemas favoráveis para a expansão das florações de algas e de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas. O reservatório de Guarapiranga é responsável pelo fornecimento de água para grande parte da região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), porém, nos últimos anos, tem sido observada uma aceleração do processo de eutrofização mediante interferência humana. Com a alteração das características físico-químicas da água, florações tornaram-se cada vez mais frequentes. Assim, este estudo objetivou investigar a interação e resposta da comunidade fitoplanctônica às variáveis físico-químicas da água do reservatório, bem como, analisar a variação espacial e temporal da comunidade fitoplanctônica, buscando conhecer a dinâmica das cianobactérias e a presença de microcistina. Para isso, foram coletadas amostras de água no reservatório no período chuvoso e seco na região à montante, intermediária (tributário Parelheiros) e barragem. Em laboratório, foram analisadas as características físico-químicas, quantificação de microcistina, triagem e identificação taxonômica dos organismos fitoplanctônicos. Por meio da análise descritiva e estatística foi possível constatar que composição da comunidade fitoplanctônica é diferente ao longo do reservatório e varia em resposta às características físico-químicas de cada local. Em geral, o período de seca representou um fator agravante do processo de eutrofização no reservatório, principalmente na região da barragem, onde foi observado um aumento considerável na biomassa fitoplanctônica. Na região de Parelheiros, foi observada a dominância de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, no período chuvoso e Planktolyngbya limnetica, no período de seca) e a presença de microcistina, associadas às elevadas concentrações de nutrientes. Desse modo, foi constatado que a comunidade fitoplanctônica responde à variação temporal e espacial observada para as variáveis físico-químicas. De maneira geral, nutrientes como o amônio, nitrogênio e fósforo total estiveram relacionados à alta biomassa fitoplanctônica, principalmente de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas. / In general, it is common that the reservoirs in Brazil have the characteristics prone to eutrophication, constituting favorable ecosystem for the expansion of algal blooms and potentially toxic cyanobacteria. The Guarapiranga reservoir is responsible for providing water for a large proportion of the metropolitan area of São Paulo (MRSP), but in recent years it has been observed an accelerated eutrophication process by human interference. By changing the physical and chemical characteristics of water, algal blooms have become increasingly frequent. This study aimed to investigate the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community as well as the effects of main environmental variables on the phytoplankton community structure, additionally, to analyze the dynamics of cyanobacteria and the quantification of microcystin. Wather samples for phisical, chemical and byologic analysis were collected in the rainy and the dry season in the regions of the reservoir: upstream, intermediate (Parelheiros affluent) and dam. The organisms were analyzed in the microscope, identified and measured for the calculation of the biomass. Statistical analyses indicated that the composition of the phytoplankton community is different along the reservoir and varies in response to the physicochemical characteristics of each site. In general, the dry period represented an aggravating factor in the eutrophication process in the reservoir, mainly in the dam area, where it was observed a observed a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass. In Parelheiros region was observed dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria (Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii in the rainy season and Planktolyngbya limnetica, in the dry season) and the presence of microcystin associated with high concentrations of nutrients. Thus, it contacted the phytoplankton community responds to the temporal and spatial variation observed for the physical and chemical variables. In general, nutrients such as ammonia, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were related to high phytoplankton biomass, particularly of potentially toxic cianobactéria.
18

Efeito de compostos inorgânicos, herbicidas e extratos foliares no desenvolvimento de microcystis aeruginosa e produção de microcistina /

Tropaldi, Leandro, 1987. January 2015 (has links)
Orientador: Edivaldo Domingues Velini / Banca: Caio Antonio Carbonari / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Bueno Trindade Galo / Banca: Ricardo Luis Araujo Dias / Banca: Antonio Luiz Cerdeira / Resumo: A qualidade da água de muitos corpos hídricos superficiais tem sido comprometida devido à ocorrência de florações de cianobactérias tóxicas. Muitas espécies, incluindo a Microcystis aeruginosa produzem toxinas naturais, como as microcistinas, que geram grandes riscos ambientais e à saúde pública. Assim, a adoção de medidas que visem o controle das florações é necessária. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de substâncias e biomassas foliares sobre o desenvolvimento de M. aeruginosa e na produção de microcistina LR, tendo em vista a necessidade de produzir informações que possam subsidiar programas de manejo de florações. Dentre os compostos testados, o diquat, o diuron e o sulfato de cobre foram mais efetivos em reduzir o teor de clorofila α e o acúmulo de microcistina LR. Nos estudos com teor inicial de clorofila α de 0,5mg L-1 o diquat demonstrou elevado potencial de controle de M. aeruginosa nas concentrações de 0,1 e 0,2mg L-1. O diuron foi mais efetivo em reduzir os teores de microcistina LR total do que em reduzir os teores de clorofila α, apresentando reduções nos teores de microcistinas LR superiores a 75% em todas as concentrações avaliadas. O sulfato de cobre utilizado na concentração de 0,2mg L-1 foi efetivo na redução dos teores de clorofila α e microcistina LR total. Para esses compostos, a eficiência foi menor quando a aplicação ocorreu em unidades experimentais com clorofila α (3,34mg L-1). Porém, ficou evidente que mesmo se os compostos controlassem efetivamente a M. aeruginosa, reduzindo o teor de clorofila α, a microcistina LR seria preservada e liberada na água, portanto, o controle deve ser feito precocemente para evitar que grandes quantidades da ... / Abstract: The water quality of many surface water bodies have been compromised due to occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms. Many species, including Microcystis aeruginosa produce natural toxins, such as microcystins, which offer high risks to the environment and public health. Therefore, the adoption of measures to control blooms is required. This research aims to evaluate the effect of different types of substances and foliar biomass on the development of M. aeruginosa and producing microcystin-LR, in view of the need to produce information that can support blooms management programs. Effects of organic compounds, with or without known herbicide action, inorganic compounds biomass of Brazilian tree native species and green manure were evaluated on chlorophyll-α content and accumulation of microcystin-LR in M. aeruginosa. Among the tested compounds diquat, diuron and copper sulfate were most effective in reducing chlorophyll-α content and microcystin-LR accumulation. In studies with initial chlorophyll content of 0.5 mg L-1 diquat showed high potential to control M. aeruginosa at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mg L-1. Diuron was more effective in reducing the total microcystin-LR content than ... / Doutor
19

Potential bioaccumulation of cyanobacterial toxins by macrophytes Ludwigia Adscendens and Amaranthus Hybridus : Application in bioremediation of surface waters

Pindihama, Glynn Kuziva 18 September 2017 (has links)
MENVSC / Department of Ecology and Resource Management / See the attached abstract below
20

Analysis of microcystins LR, YR, and RR in biological fluids by 2D-LC technology

Renner, Beatriz Jael 14 June 2019 (has links)
Algae “super blooms” are a commonly encountered environmental issue in fresh and brackish water that occurs due to the buildup of cyanobacteria. Many of the commonly encountered cyanobacteria such as Mycrocystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) produce potent cyanotoxins (microcystins) that pose serious health threats and even death to local wild life and humans. Microcystin contaminated fresh-water that empties into the ocean has been shown to lethally affect marine life in the area of contamination. Human consumption of tainted sea life and other routes of mycrocystin exposure can lead to serious liver damage and even death. Thus, a method was developed for forensic postmortem analysis of microcystins RR, LR and YR by Two-Dimensional (2D) Liquid Chromatography (LC) - tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). A final 2D LC-MS/MS method was selected from 6x6 automated method development experiments. Each microcystin were subjected to a total of 36 methods, which were completed over an 18hr period. The extraction process was performed using a reverse-phase sorbent (Oasis HLB, Waters Corporation, Milford, MA) with a 3cc solid phase extraction (SPE) barrel using sequential elution. From acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol (MeOH) stock solutions, 10 μL of the internal standard (IS) Nodularin was added to the final extract. The concept of sequential micro extraction was designed to capture the retention behaviour of the target analyte in response to various extraction parameters (sorbent strength, elution polarity, and solubility). Therefore, optimized conditions were selected to excise the region of interest during extraction. The elution solvents chosen for the microcystins were acetonitrile, methanol and acetone with 10 % sequential increments. Since microcystins exhibit a zwitterionic structure, three sets of elution solutions were created to evaluate their elution profile (pH 3, pH 7, pH 10). When the elution profile for low pH and high pH are compared, microcystin RR was eluted over the 40% to 70% methanol fractions under low pH conditions with a slight shift towards higher organic % (50%-70% fractions) under high pH. This elution behaviour suggests that the basic moieties of the structure demonstrate a stronger retention for the stationary phase. Microcystin LR and YR however, eluted at a higher organic solvent percentage under low pH conditions and at a lower organic solvent percentage under high pH conditions, indicates that the acidic moieties of the structures have stronger retention. The urine sample gave recovery values for all three microcystins in the 80-90% range, as to be expected with type of complexity associated with biological samples. The sequential extraction protocol produced an extraction method that delivered a clean extract after a 30 min workflow using a single and optimized 2D LC-MS/MS method. The total analytical run time was set at 10 minutes.

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