Problematik med moderna putsfasader rörande hållbarhet har på senare år uppenbarat sig. Trots modern byggnadsteknik är skaderisken idag större än den var med äldre byggnadsteknik. Sprickbildningar, missfärgningar, mikrobiella angrepp, frostsprängningar, mögelangrepp m.m. är alla exempel på skador som kan uppstå. Rapporten syftar till att identifiera risker och problem med dagens putsfasadkonstruktion, samt undersöka hur dessa problem kan avhjälpas byggnadstekniskt och arkitektoniskt.   Projektet avgränsas till fasader på nybyggda flerbostadshus i svenskt klimat. Fokus ligger på att undersöka putsade fasader. Vägguppbyggnaden avgränsas till utfackningsväggar av regelkonstruktion då det är en vanlig ytterväggskonstruktion.   Underlaget till rapporten baseras på litteraturstudier, tekniska rapporter och rådgivning från handledare och yrkeskunniga experter. Fördjupningsstudier görs inom putsfasader för att reda ut det bästa lösningsförslaget för hållbara putsfasader.   Resultatet av rapporten pekar på att det inte finns en enkel lösning till problematiken. Förebyggs ett problem uppstår ett annat. Det finns dock vissa parametrar som bör tas i anspråk. Ytterväggen bör tvåstegstätas för att förebygga mögelrisk i konstruktionen. Grovkornigt putsbruk bör användas för att förebygga sprickbildning och eventuellt minska adsorption. Vattenavvisande detaljer i det arkitektoniska formspråket bör finnas för att minska vattenbelastningen. Ytfärgen bör vara oorganisk och alkalisk för att ytterligare förebygga uppkomsten av mikrobiella angrepp.   För vidare studier föreslås att putsprovväggskonstruktionen konstrueras och testas i praktiken. Faktorer som kornstorlek, vattenavvisande detaljer, adsorption bör vara fokus. Konstruktionernas RF i ytskiktet studeras därefter för att ge en idé över vilken konstruktion som förebygger skador effektivast. / In recent years, sustainability problems with regards to contemporary stucco facades have revealed themselves. Despite modern construction techniques, the risk of damage today is greater than it was with older techniques. Damage such as cracks, discoloration, microbial attacks, frost damage, mold, etc. are all examples of risk factors.   The report aims to identify the risks and problems of today's plaster facade construction, as well as explore how these problems can be remedied through constructional and architectural solutions.   The project is constrained to facades of newly constructed apartment buildings in the Swedish climate. The focus is to examine the plastered facades. Wall construction is constrained to pre-fabricated wall panels of regulatory structure as it is the most common exterior wall construction in Sweden.   The basis for the report is based on literature studies, technical reports and guidance from supervisors and skilled experts. In-depth studies have been performed on plaster facades to find the best recommendations for durable plaster facades.   The results of the report indicate that there is no simple solution to the problem. However, there are some guidelines that should be followed. The outer wall should be “two way sealed” to prevent the risk of mold in the construction. Coarse plaster should be used to prevent cracking and to reduce adsorption. Water repellent details should be implemented to reduce the water load on the walls. The surface paint should be inorganic and alkaline in order to further prevent the development of microbial attacks.   For further study, the report suggests that a stucco sample wall structure is tested in practice.   Factors such as particle size, water repellent details and adsorption properties should be the focus. The RH in the surface layer should thereafter be studied to give an idea of which structure that prevents damage most efficiently.

The End-Triassic Extinction (ETE) has long remained one of the lesser known among the so-called “Big Five”. There exist several hypotheses regarding the probable cause of this extinction, which can mainly be divided into  events of  a decline in the rate of diversification  in the late Triassic contra a sudden and significant extinction event. Primary amongst the sudden events is the one of outgassing and climate/environmental change induced by Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism. This  study  aims to  describe  the ETE using  fluvial, lacustrine, deltaic  and  marginal-marine  microbial sedimentary  structures (MS), carbonatized microbial mats (CMM) as well as  wrinkle structures, microbially  induced  sedimentary  structures (MISS) from the latest  Triassic-  earliest  Jurassic  (TJB: Triassic-Jurassic boundary interval, Rhaetian to Hettangian) of Skåne, Southern Sweden. The MISS in these sites show a high diversity of structures, indicating microbial communities with high diversity in an environment usually dominated by bioturbating invertebrates. We observed structures that include top-surface (“Elephant skin”) and subsurface (“Kinneyia”) structures, carbon-rich fossilized microbial mats, microbial sideritic concretions, sideritized microbial mats, stromatolite-like layers and oncoids. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) sampling also revealed structures related to the presence of both coccoidal and filamentous cyanobacteria.  Overall,  the diversity in observed structures indicate a thriving microbial community, with diversified and abundant ichnofossils or body fossils of possible bioturbators only observed in the early Rhaetian and younger Mid-Late Hettangian samples of deltaic or marginal-marine affinities. The lack of metazoan communities to such an extent indicates that the local environment could have reversed to a pre-Substrate Revolution state. The occurrence of abundant and  diversified  microbial structures in the studied  TJB  section,  representing  a relatively  short time interval, reflects anachronistic facies and development of abnormal biota. This supports the occurrence of several environmental distresses (abnormal hydrochemical and physical conditions) on the Triassic-Jurassic boundary interval, in turn lending credence to the hypothesis of an abrupt climactic event such as possibly that of CAMP volcanism. / <p>Presentation was carried out online over zoom due to the at the time ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.</p> / Resurrecting a lost world in Skåne: new light on the end-Triassic mass extinction and the origin of the dinosaur dominated ecosystem / Dinosaur grave from Skåne: microbiology, taphonomy and paleomolecules of exceptionally preserved theropod remains