Melanomas are one of the most aggressive types of tumours, with increasing incidence, high mortality and high potential to metastasize to a variety of diverse locations. The aim of this thesis was to study the tumour as a complex structure consisting not only of tumour cells but also of tumour stroma. Stromal cells play a major role in cancer biology. This is well documented for example in squamous cell epithelium tumours of the head and neck. Similar mechanisms can be expected to occur in melanomas. In the first experiment, we simulated the conditions in vivo during the metastatic process and studied the influence of non-adhesive environment both with and without the influence of stromal fibroblasts. The presented data demonstrates a change of tumour cells' phenotype leading to increased plasticity of the melanoma cells in these conditions. It also indicates the crucial role of stromal fibroblasts in interactions with melanoma cells. Cancer cell lines show variability in their behaviour, which is in accordance with well-known melanoma heterogeneity in clinical practice. The previous experiments in our laboratory indicate that cancer associated fibroblasts are able to influence the phenotype of a tumour cell line and this effect is based on a tumour type-unspecific mechanism. In the second part of...

This thesis is about analysis of marketing in concrete town, determine the current state of its using and evaluation and possible design strategies for improving. The end of this thesis is about proposals which could improve the marketing of the town.

"Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV Activity and/or Structure Homologues"(DASH) represent a newly defined group of multifunctional molecules, typically bearing dipeptidyl peptidase-IV- like hydrolytic activity. Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) cleaves out X-Pro dipeptides from the N-terminus of peptides. Other molecules carrying similar enzyme activity, such as Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), DPP-II, DPP8 and DPP9 or even DPP-IV structure-like but hydrolytically inactive molecules (DPP6 and DPP10) also belong to this group. Recent knowledge suggest a substantial role of DASH in cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study is a preparation of a biological model and its use for understanding the mechanisms of interaction(s) between transformed glial cells and stroma in the processes of origin and development of tumors derived from neuroectoderm. Stable transfected human glioblastoma cell lines with inducible gene expression of DPP-IV, Fibroblast activation protein and their enzymatically inactive mutated forms, were prepared within the project. Prepared cell lines are used as a tool for studying not only the "autocrine" importance of DPP-IV and FAP for the expressing cells in in-vitro, but also for their potential "paracrine" effect(s) within the tumor microenvironment after homotopic implantation into the...

The goal of this thesis is to optimize current marketing mixes in sports facilities. As such, this thesis will suggest appropriate optimization strategies for these mixes and recommend methods for improving marketing communication practices and service portfolios, in order that facilities may heighten their competitiveness, increase facility attendance, and enhance client satisfaction. The theoretical section of this thesis analyses marketing mixes, services, sports product, CRM, CEM, and facility environment. The practical component first presents the facility itself: a squash centre, where the analysis was done. An analysis and assessment of marketing activities of the squash centre was carried out afterwards. Quantitative forms of research, especially interviews, were used. Informal conversations were also held with the management of the squash centre. The thesis results in some recommendations for the squash centre which are applicable for sports facilities in general.

Inflammation is considered as one of the main defence mechanisms of the immune system against threats that occur in the body. When present in its acute form, minimal or no detectable subsequent damage of original affected tissue exists. The more pathological form, chronic inflammation, is associated with permanent damage of the tissue and typically a hallmark of various diseases such as ulcerative colitis or colon carcinogenesis. These two pathologies are evolving in the unique colon microenvironment, where intensive interaction between the host cells and bacteria is present. The aim of our study was to investigate the immunological (ELISA, FACS, RT-PCR) and structural (histology, confocal microscopy) changes in the colon mucosa of Wistar-AVN rats induced by dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) to produce colon colitis and by azoxymethane (AOM) to produce colon carcinogenesis. Conventional (CV) and also germ-free (GF) reared animals were used to investigate the effects of the mucosal inflammation activated by the administered inducers as well as the role of colon microbiota - as promoters of a continuous immune activation - in the modulation of immunity and collagen scaffold remodelling. Our results showed that even in the early period after the induction, both inducers produced a smouldering...

The Master’s thesis deals with the proposal of marketing strategy. Based on theoretical knowledge and analysis of contemporary conditions of the company, proposal of marketing strategy is developed. It is supposed to distinguish company position beside other companies and to get awareness of public. This leads to gaining new clients and as a result of achieving higher sales and profits.

This diploma thesis includes an experimental and a bioinformatic part. The two parts are linked together through the subject of transcription factors of 'forkhead box O' (FOXO) family. FOXO transcription factors have a key role in many cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and metabolism. For a long time, they have been considered strictly as the tumor-suppressors yet a growing number of evidence is pointing out to their pro-tumorigenic role. In consequence FOXO transcription factors are studied intensively as potential therapeutic targets in cancer. In the past decade, in silico prediction of protein-protein interactions has become popular in basic research as well as in drug development. Nonetheless, the predicted structures are still far from fitting to the expected behavior of the respective biomolecules. In the experimental part of this thesis, I verified the interaction of four in silico predicted protein binders based on naturally occurring PDZ domain with FOXO4 using microscale thermophoresis. Non-invasive bladder tumors represent a heterogeneous disease where reliable prediction of tumor aggressiveness is still lacking despite an intensive research. In the bioinformatic part of this thesis, I described the cellular composition of the tumor microenvironment and demonstrated...

Chemotherapy is still one of the most widely used anticancer therapies. It is mostly about inhibiting the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells, so it is not selective for tumor cells. As a result, many undesirable side effects are associated with chemotherapy. The disadvantageous properties of chemotherapeutics can be largely eliminated by using conjugates of polymers with low molecular weight drugs. An example of such a conjugate is a doxorubicin-linked HPMA polymer. In addition to the properties obtained by polymer binding, such as achieving solubility in aqueous solutions, reducing systemic toxicity, increasing the maximum tolerated dose, or passive targeting by the EPR effect, the fact that doxorubicin induces immunogenic cell death is used in therapy with this drug. It has already been shown that after complete cure of the experimental mice with polymeric conjugates of HPMA with doxorubicin, some mice develop long-term resistance to re-inoculation with a lethal dose of tumor cells. Resistance is specific to the particular line of tumor cells from which the mouse was cured, and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and IFNγ play an important role. In this work, we monitored changes in the proportion of immune populations and their activation markers after treatment with HPMA-based polymers with doxorubicin...