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Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., Moench) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum L., Leeke) were intercropped under soil moisture non-stress and stress at Marana, Arizona during summer 1987. Effects of soil moisture stress and inter-row competition between sorghum and pearl millet on grain yield, 50% bloom, plant height, head length, head exsertion, 1000 grain weight, and number of effective tillers were evaluated. Interplot competition significantly reduced grain yield and head exsertion of peal millet. In sorghum, only plant height was significantly different due to competition. Agronomic characters were significantly different due to the effect of soil moisture stress except head length in pearl millet and head length, 1000 seed weight, and number of effective tillers in sorghum. Sorghum growing in a neighbor plot greatly suppressed millet grain yield under soil moisture stress. Relative yield total of the cereals under intercrop was less than unity under soil moisture stress.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-01T23:30:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_11178_Ressonâncias da representação do trabalho camponês medieval na arte de Jean-François Millet (1814-1875.pdf: 45210919 bytes, checksum: 3b3ef56d4c4686d9adc92baff490f0d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-14 / Esta dissertação versa sobre a representação do camponês em objetos artísticos medievais e nas pinturas do artista romântico/realista Jean-François Millet (1814- 1875). Os objetivos desta pesquisa consistem em estabelecer paralelos entre ambas reproduções, aspectos comuns e dissonantes e identificar a significância da apresentação desses indivíduos na Arte, uma vez que sua condição social paupérrima não o habilitaria para tanto. Interessa-nos, desse modo, a compreensão das particularidades das obras selecionadas. Distintos suportes teóricos possibilitaram um melhor entendimento sobre elas. Examinar o contexto histórico de cada período proposto, as configurações sociais, econômicas e artísticas são necessárias para a leitura das imagens propostas. Diante do exposto, pretende-se enriquecer o campo de discussão que flanqueia a temática campesina, suas ressonâncias e sua relevância no âmbito artístico. Palavras-chave: Arte, Camponês, Medieval, Jean-François Millet.

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Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.] production under subsistence farmer management on the sandy soils of southwestern Niger is faced with many challenges, including declining soil fertility, highly variable and scarce rainfall and poor resource base of the peasant farmers in the region. This study was conducted to evaluate the potential of management to increase yield and water use efficiency of pearl millet grown on two farmers’ fields in Niger during two growing seasons, 2003 and 2004. The management practices tested were: 1) Five manure treatments (no manure, transported manure, current corralling, a year after corralling, and two years after corralling); 2) The microdose technology (20 kg di-ammonium phosphate ha-1, and 20 kg di-ammonium phosphate ha-1 + 10 kg urea ha-1); and lastly, 3) Three different pearl millet cultivars (Heini Kirei, Zatib, and ICMV IS 89305). In both growing seasons, manure had the greatest effect on the yield and water use of pearl millet at both sites. In 2003 grain yields were 389 kg ha-1 in the NM treatment and 1495 kg ha-1 in the C0 treatment at Banizoumbou whereas at Bagoua, the NM treatment had 423 kg ha-1 vs. 995 kg ha-1 in the C0 treatment. In 2004, the NM treatment at Banizoumbou had 123 kg ha-1 grain yield and the C0 treatment had 957 kg ha-1 whereas at Bagoua the NM treatment had 506 kg ha-1 vs. 1152 kg ha-1 in the C0 treatment. Residual effects of manure led to grain yields in the C1 and C2 treatments which were more than twice as high as in the NM treatment. The improved cultivars were generally superior for grain yields, whereas the local landrace was superior for straw yields at both sites. Root zone drainage was decreased by between 50 to 100 mm, and water use increased by the same amount in the current corrals at the two sites during the two growing seasons. Increased water use under corralling and presence of residual profile moisture at the end of each of the two seasons suggested that water did not limit pearl millet production at the two sites.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Pearl millet is a staple food in Namibia. It is milled into flour by traditional and industrial dry milling processes. This research was conducted to help determine how to improve the nutritional value and acceptability of pearl millet. The traditional milling process involves a lactic acid fermentation step which lowers the pH of kernels. The effects of the traditional Namibian and industrial “dry milling” processes on the physical and nutritional composition of pearl millet grain were compared. Additionally, the effect of steeping three different Namibian pearl millet varieties (Kangara, Kantana and Okashana 2) in lactic acid and water on the colour and the phenolic content of the flour were determined. Regarding comparing the milling processes, variety Kangara was conditioned and decorticated traditionally with a pestle and mortar and industrially with an abrasive decorticator. The traditional decorticated grain was steeped and sun dried for 24 h before hammer milling, whereas the industrially decorticated grain was roller milled. Tristimulus colorimetry and proximate analyses were conducted on the samples. Concerning acid steeping, kernels were steeped in a pH 3.5 solution and in water as a control. Colour, total polyphenol and c-glycosyl flavone contents were determined. The determination of cglycosylflavone content was particularly important because these compounds are considered goitrogenic. The traditionally milled flour was lighter in colour than industrial milled flour. However, it was significantly lower in protein, ash and c-glycosyl flavone contents in comparison to industrial milled flour. This was due to the removal of more pericarp and germ in the traditional process. The industrial dry milling process therefore produces flour with a higher nutrient content in terms of protein, fat and minerals. However, the traditional Namibian milling process makes the colour of the pearl millet flour lighter, which is probably the reason that it is more acceptable to consumers. Kernels steeped in a lactic acid solution were lighter in colour than those steeped in water. Irrespective of the steeping media, the total polyphenol content was significantly lower in steeped kernels compared to those unsteeped. A similar trend was observed for the cglycosyl flavone content. This indicates that some of these compounds may have leached out during steeping. For all varieties, kernels steeped in lactic acid had a significantly higher total polyphenol content than those in water, probably due to the dissociation of metal-polyphenol complexes in the acidic medium whereby these polyphenols became free and available for measurement. Thus, steeping in a lactic acid solution can lead to better colour improvement of kernels compared to steeping in water. Thus, lactic acid steeping can improve the sensory quality of pearl millet products. An industrial process can thus be designed to include tempering the grain with food grade lactic acid to produce sour taste and leach out the colour pigments, particularly the cglycosyl flavones hence lightening the colour of the industrial milled flour. This produces a product with high nutritional content, lighter in colour and has the sour taste that consumers find appealing. Copyright 2007, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Barrion, SC 2007, Pearl millet milling : comparison between traditional Namibian fermentation - semi-wet milling and dry milling, MSc(Agric) dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01282009-132241 / > E1209/gm / Dissertation (MSc(Agric))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Food Science / unrestricted