11 |
Two Centuries of Commodity Cycles - Dynamics of the Metals & Mining Industry in light of Modern Portfolio TheoryPfeifer, Jan 14 July 2020 (has links)
This thesis explores the application of Markowitz' Modern Portfolio Theory onto 220 years of financial returns for 13 metals and 21 poly-metallic ore types. The interdisciplinary research shows that poly-metallic ores can be described as naturally occurring portfolios that were diversified by natural geological processes. Safest and optimal portfolios for metals and ores can be computed for different time horizons using portfolio optimization algorithms. Results for optimized ore portfolios are thereby subject to geological constraints. The study revealed that commodity cycles last between six and twenty years and exhibit clockwise and counterclockwise motions in the risk-return framework. The cycle length differences for clockwise cycles are statistically significant and thus specific to all investigated metals and ores. By incorporating novel cycle parameters into decision making tools it is suggested that current industry decisions for resource development can be improved. Insights into the performance of metals and ores through the industrial cycles, as well as into the frequency of profitable super cycles can assist Metals & Mining executives in strategic planning and investment.:Introduction 1
Data 3
Metals & ore types studied 5
2.1 Metals.......................................... 5
2.2 Ore types ........................................ 5
2.3 Prices .......................................... 10
2.4 Summary ........................................ 12
II Analysis 13
3 Modern Portfolio Theory 15
3.1 Overview ........................................ 15
3.2 Definitions........................................ 15
3.3 Assumptions ...................................... 17
3.4 Discussion & Conclusion................................ 18
4 Poly-metallic ores as natural portfolios 19
4.1 Objectives........................................ 19
4.2 Results.......................................... 19
4.3 Summary & Discussion................................. 24
4.4 Conclusion ....................................... 25
5 Static portfolio optimization 27
5.1 Objectives........................................ 27
5.2 Assumptions ...................................... 27
5.3 Results.......................................... 27
5.4 Summary & Discussion................................. 31
5.5 Conclusion ....................................... 32
6 Dynamic portfolio optimization 33
6.1 Assumptions ...................................... 33
6.2 Results.......................................... 34
6.3 Summary & Discussion................................. 44
6.4 Conclusion ....................................... 45
7 Commodity cycles & metal assets 47
7.1 Commodity cycles ................................... 47
7.2 Commodity cycle observations ............................ 54
7.3 Summary ........................................ 76
7.4 Discussion........................................ 77
7.5 Conclusion ....................................... 78
III Application 81
8 Commodity cycles & resource development strategies 83
8.1 The timing of mine development and mining start-up................ 83
8.2 Lead times from discovery to operation........................ 88
8.3 Exploration....................................... 89
8.4 Project valuation considerations............................ 91
8.5 Summary & Discussion................................. 92
8.6 Conclusion ....................................... 93
9 Industrial cycles & modern history 95
9.1 The Metal Markets Indicator-MMI ......................... 95
9.2 The Metal Markets Indicator & the economy .................... 97
9.3 The MMI & military conflict ............................. 105
9.4 MMI cyclicality..................................... 115
9.5 Summary & Discussion................................. 122
9.6 Conclusion ....................................... 123
10 Industrial cycles & metal performance 125
10.1 Methodology ...................................... 125
10.2 Metal performance during technological epochs ................ 126
10.3 Discussion........................................ 133
10.4 Conclusion ....................................... 137
11 Industrial cycles & ore type preferences 139
11.1 Coal Age ........................................ 139
11.2 Oil Age ......................................... 142
11.3 Atomic Age....................................... 144
11.4 Discussion........................................ 146
11.5 Conclusion ....................................... 150
12 Industrial cycles & ore provinces 151
12.1 Ore genetic models and industrial cycles....................... 151
12.2 Ore geology and geography .............................. 154
12.3 Ore provenances and mining technology ....................... 156
12.4 Discussion........................................ 157
12.5 Conclusion ....................................... 157
13 The state and future of the M&M Industry 159
13.1 The current state.................................... 159
13.2 The dawn of a new Industrial Age .......................... 163
13.3 The future........................................ 164
13.4 Summary & Discussion................................. 167
13.5 Conclusion ....................................... 168
14 Summary 169
15 Conclusion 171
IV Appendix 173
Bibliography 233
Index 245
|
12 |
A Structural Analysis of the Simpson MountainsBriscoe, Hyrum A. 07 June 2023 (has links) (PDF)
The Simpson Mountains have long been of economic interest and have renewed interest in their potential value. Field mapping of the project area redefined structural relationships between stratigraphic units. Geometric and kinematic analysis of structures in the Simpson Mountains show the range is deformed by the three most recent tectonic events: the Sevier Orogeny, the Laramide Orogeny, and Basin and Range Extension. Laramide structures define the range with a significant E-W normal fault and an E-W thrust fault, which are both likely related to Eocene-age igneous intrusions. Principal component analysis (PCA) of regional quartzite X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) data resulted in distinctive populations between the Eureka Quartzite and the Mutual and Prospect Mountain Quartzites. The PCA was paired with petrographic analysis of regional quartzites where samples were diagnostically classified to help validate the PCA results. XRF analysis of volcanic rocks show volcanic arc origin. 40Ar/39Ar dating of the volcanic rocks associated with the intrusions yield new ages of 34.09±0.10 to 37.05±0.06 Ma and 19.11±0.02 to 19.18±0.03. Lithostratigraphy of the map area was validated by identification of fossil samples. The Eocene intrusions are likely sources of mineralization in the range along older Sevier structures.
|
13 |
Создание настольной игры на основе книги А. С. Ярцова «Российская горная история» : магистерская диссертация / Creating a Board game based on the book by A. S. Yartsov "Russian mountain history"Неганова, Е. В., Neganova, E. V. January 2020 (has links)
В диссертации дана краткая историческая справка о происхождении настольных игр, их видах, существующих на сегодняшний день игровых механиках, представлены данные опроса среди продавцов настольных игр. Проанализированы особенности наиболее популярных настольных игр и создана новая уникальная настольная игра, которая является дополнением книги А. С. Ярцова «Российская горная история». / The dissertation provides a brief historical background on the origin of Board games, their types, existing game mechanics, and provides survey data among sellers of Board games. The features of the most popular Board games are analyzed and a new unique Board game is created, which is an addition to the book by A. S. Yartsov "Russian mountain history".
|
Page generated in 0.0584 seconds