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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Architectures de réseau de capteurs pour la surveillance de grands systèmes physiques à mobilité cyclique / Wireless Sensor Network Architecture for Monitoring Large Physical System in Cyclic Mobility

Chafik, Abdellatif 09 July 2014 (has links)
La surveillance étroite d’un grand équipement physique mobile sur une trajectoire unique connue est susceptible d’avoir des applications concrètes importantes pour la sécurité des utilisateurs et de l’équipement lui-même, pour sa maintenance et pour l’optimisation du service rendu. Cette surveillance nécessite d’instrumenter l’équipement. Cette instrumentation à l’aide d’un réseau de capteurs pris sur étagère constitue l’application de l’étude menée dans cette thèse. Les problématiques de recherche concernent trois domaines : la topologie des réseaux de capteurs mobiles, le routage et la localisation. Elles sont situées par rapport à l’état de l’art. Puis une étude approfondie de l’architecture du réseau pour sur un système physique parcourant une trajectoire circulaire a été menée. La grande roue de Singapour (Singapore Flyer) est utilisée comme système type. Deux sortes de topologie ont été étudiées : une dans laquelle la liaison système mobile – partie fixe au sol est située au niveau du ou des capteurs, l’autre pour laquelle la liaison système mobile - partie fixe au sol est située au niveau du puits. Les meilleurs placements des relais ont été proposés ainsi que des algorithmes de routage géographique adaptés à chaque cas. Les performances du réseau sont mesurées par simulation. Elles montrent un bon fonctionnement pour des phénomènes dynamiques assez rapides et permettent de comparer les architectures entre-elles. Enfin une expérimentation de localisation des nœuds à base de RSSI a été menée sur un site industriel / The close supervision of a large physical equipment moving on a single known trajectory is likely to have important practical applications for the safety of users and the equipment itself, for maintenance and optimization of the provided service. This requires deploying monitoring instruments on equipment. This instrumentation using a sensor network taken off the shelf is the application of the study conducted in this thesis. The research problems address three areas: the topology of mobile sensor networks, routing and localization. They are situated in relation to the state of the art. Then a detailed study of the network architecture for a physical system moving on a circular path was conducted. Giant observation wheel of Singapore (Singapore Flyer) is used as a type system. Two kinds of topology were considered: one in which the connection mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sensor interface, one for which the link mobile system - fixed part at the ground is located at sink interface. The best placements of the relays have been proposed as well as geographic routing algorithms adapted to each case. The network performance is measured by simulation. The results show a correct working for fairly rapid dynamic phenomena and allow to compare architectures with each other. Finally an experiment of node localization based on RSSI was conducted on an industrial site
22

Power-Aware Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks / Conception et analyse de protocoles, pour les réseaux de capteurs sans fil, prenant en compte la consommation d'énergie

Xu, Chuan 15 December 2017 (has links)
Ce manuscrit contient d'abord l'étude d'une extension du modèle des protocoles de populations, qui représentent des réseaux de capteurs asynchrones, passivement mobiles, limités en ressources et anonymes. Pour la première fois (à notre connaissance), un modèle formel de consommation d'énergie est proposé pour les protocoles de populations. A titre d'application, nous étudions à la complexité en énergie (dans le pire des cas et en moyenne) pour le problème de collecte de données. Deux protocoles prenant en compte la consommation d'énergie sont proposés. Le premier est déterministe et le second randomisé. Pour déterminer les valeurs optimales des paramètres, nous faisons appel aux techniques d'optimisation. Nous appliquons aussi ces techniques dans un cadre différent, celui des réseaux de capteurs corporels (WBAN). Une formulation de flux est proposée pour acheminer de manière optimale les paquets de données en minimisant la pire consommation d'énergie. Une procédure de recherche à voisinage variable est développée et les résultats numériques montrent son efficacité. Enfin, nous considérons le problème d'optimisation avec des paramètres aléatoires. Précisément, nous étudions un modèle semi-défini positif sous contrainte en probabilité. Un nouvel algorithme basé sur la simulation est proposé et testé sur un problème réel de théorie du contrôle. Nous montrons que notre méthode permet de trouver une solution moins conservatrice que d'autres approches en un temps de calcul raisonnable. / In this thesis, we propose a formal energy model which allows an analytical study of energy consumption, for the first time in the context of population protocols. Population protocols model one special kind of sensor networks where anonymous and uniformly bounded memory sensors move unpredictably and communicate in pairs. To illustrate the power and the usefulness of the proposed energy model, we present formal analyses on time and energy, for the worst and the average cases, for accomplishing the fundamental task of data collection. Two power-aware population protocols, (deterministic) EB-TTFM and (randomized) lazy-TTF, are proposed and studied for two different fairness conditions, respectively. Moreover, to obtain the best parameters in lazy-TTF, we adopt optimization techniques and evaluate the resulting performance by experiments. Then, we continue the study on optimization for the power-aware data collection problem in wireless body area networks. A minmax multi-commodity netflow formulation is proposed to optimally route data packets by minimizing the worst power consumption. Then, a variable neighborhood search approach is developed and the numerical results show its efficiency. At last, a stochastic optimization model, namely the chance constrained semidefinite programs, is considered for the realistic decision making problems with random parameters. A novel simulation-based algorithm is proposed with experiments on a real control theory problem. We show that our method allows a less conservative solution, than other approaches, within reasonable time.
23

Ensemble Stream Model for Data-Cleaning in Sensor Networks

Iyer, Vasanth 16 October 2013 (has links)
Ensemble Stream Modeling and Data-cleaning are sensor information processing systems have different training and testing methods by which their goals are cross-validated. This research examines a mechanism, which seeks to extract novel patterns by generating ensembles from data. The main goal of label-less stream processing is to process the sensed events to eliminate the noises that are uncorrelated, and choose the most likely model without over fitting thus obtaining higher model confidence. Higher quality streams can be realized by combining many short streams into an ensemble which has the desired quality. The framework for the investigation is an existing data mining tool. First, to accommodate feature extraction such as a bush or natural forest-fire event we make an assumption of the burnt area (BA*), sensed ground truth as our target variable obtained from logs. Even though this is an obvious model choice the results are disappointing. The reasons for this are two: One, the histogram of fire activity is highly skewed. Two, the measured sensor parameters are highly correlated. Since using non descriptive features does not yield good results, we resort to temporal features. By doing so we carefully eliminate the averaging effects; the resulting histogram is more satisfactory and conceptual knowledge is learned from sensor streams. Second is the process of feature induction by cross-validating attributes with single or multi-target variables to minimize training error. We use F-measure score, which combines precision and accuracy to determine the false alarm rate of fire events. The multi-target data-cleaning trees use information purity of the target leaf-nodes to learn higher order features. A sensitive variance measure such as f-test is performed during each node’s split to select the best attribute. Ensemble stream model approach proved to improve when using complicated features with a simpler tree classifier. The ensemble framework for data-cleaning and the enhancements to quantify quality of fitness (30% spatial, 10% temporal, and 90% mobility reduction) of sensor led to the formation of streams for sensor-enabled applications. Which further motivates the novelty of stream quality labeling and its importance in solving vast amounts of real-time mobile streams generated today.

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