The role of civil society in conflict resolution has moved from the margins to the core of analyses of peace processes. However, existing literature has put little attention on examining the contribution of civil society in the implementation of peace agreements in the immediate time upon their conclusion. I aim to fill this gap by asking “How does the mode of civil society inclusion during the pre-agreement stage influence the degree of civil society participation in the implementation of peace agreements?”. I argue that when civil society can directly influence the peace talks by having a seat at the negotiation table this can have downstream effects on how much they will be involved in the implementation of the agreed provisions. The research question is answered in the context of a qualitative study of the cases of the peace process in Mozambique and El Salvador, through the method of structured focused comparison. The findings do not support this expectation. The analysis rather indicates that direct participation is not enough for civil society actors to ensure continuity in their participation, and more substantive engagement and ownership might be needed.

En la presente investigación se analizaron las modalidades de contacto presencial y virtual en el desarrollo de vínculo de pareja en la sociedad limeña, con esta finalidad se empleó el modelo teórico de Diaz-Loving para describir la etapa en donde cada participante se encontraba. Se utilizó el método cualitativo, con un diseño fenomenológico; los participantes pertenecían al grupo etario de 19 a 26 años y el instrumento de recolección de información fue la entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados fueron agrupados en tres categorías: el desarrollo inicial del vínculo, la conquista y el compromiso en la pareja, y la reestructuración del vínculo de pareja. Finalmente, el análisis concluyó que la modalidad de contacto virtual va a intentar aproximarse cada vez más a la modalidad presencial para lograr, dentro de lo posible, que no exista ninguna diferencia en el desarrollo del vínculo entre ambas modalidades. / In the present investigation, the modalities of face-to-face and virtual contact in the development of a relationship in Lima society were analyzed, with this purpose the theoretical Diaz-Loving model was used to describe the stage where each participant was. The qualitative method was used, with a phenomenological design; the participants belonged to the age group from 19 to 26 years old and the information gathering instrument was the semi-structured interview. The results were grouped into three categories: the initial development of the bond, the conquest and commitment in the couple, and the restructuring of the couple bond. Finally, the analysis concluded that the virtual contact modality will try to get closer and closer to the face-to-face modality to achieve, as far as possible, that there is no difference in the development of the bond between both modalities. / Tesis

Falls among the elderly is a health concern affecting multiple patients annually. Hospice patients and those with multiple comorbidities are at the greatest risk of falling and sustaining injuries from falls. Aromatherapy has been used for reducing multiple symptoms as well as for decreasing falls. The practice-focused question explored whether an education program on using aromatherapy for fall prevention would increase knowledge of this intervention for an interdisciplinary group of hospice staff. The design was developed using Knowles's theory of andragogy and Bloom's taxonomy. Thirteen staff members from the same facility participated in the education program. The program was targeted to educate staff who worked with hospice patients about implementing the intervention in their practice. The program was also offered facility-wide to allow all staff the opportunity to increase their knowledge in using the intervention in their fall- reduction programs. Assessment tools including pretest, posttest, and evaluations were completed by all program participants. Using a Likert scale to calculate participant responses, results revealed an increase in knowledge gained from 15% to 60%. The participants rated the program favorably with a mean score of 4.4 to 4.6 out of 5. This program would be beneficial to hospice caregivers and a broader range of staff members including nonhospice nurses, therapists, and providers who are interested in decreasing falls in their patient population. The program would also be of interest to accrediting bodies, hospice, palliative care, oncologic, and geriatric organizations for alternative fall-reduction interventions. Reducing falls will result in a positive social change by decreasing fall-related injuries costs and improving quality at end-of-life.

Alors que la population mondiale vieillit et vit de plus en plus en zone urbaine, maintenir les capacités de mobilité piétonne des personnes âgées en ville est un enjeu majeur pour leur santé et leur autonomie. La marche est, en effet, un des modes principaux de déplacement des personnes âgées en ville. Cependant, les déclins perceptifs, cognitifs et moteurs liés à l'avancée en âge peuvent affecter considérablement cette activité quotidienne.La navigation piétonne, qui consiste à aller d'un point A à un point B, peut être particulièrement affectée par l’avancée en âge. Il s’agit d’un processus complexe, sollicitant de nombreuses fonctions perceptives et cognitives, afin de percevoir, analyser et intégrer un grand nombre d’informations pour se déplacer. Si les personnes âgées recourent le plus souvent aux cartes papier pour s’aider dans cette activité de navigation, ces supports sont peu adaptés, car ils mobilisent des informations allocentrées (en vue du dessus) difficiles à interpréter par les personnes âgées, et font fortement appel à l’attention visuelle, qui est nécessaire par ailleurs pour naviguer en toute sécurité.Des aides à la navigation technologiques (type GPS) pourraient permettre de lever certaines difficultés de mobilité avec l’âge, en fournissant des informations de guidage à travers plusieurs canaux sensoriels, et ce afin de limiter le partage attentionnel. Ces aides devraient également proposer une expérience utilisateur positive, afin de faciliter leur acceptation par une population âgée pas toujours à l’aise avec les technologies.Cette thèse en psychologie ergonomique s’intéresse à l’efficacité et à l’expérience utilisateur de plusieurs aides à la navigation technologiques mobilisant des instructions pas-à-pas égocentrées (en vue à la première personne) à travers les sens visuel, auditif et haptique pour la navigation piétonne des personnes âgées. Après avoir questionné les pratiques de mobilité piétonne et les différences existant entre personnes actives et retraitées (étude 1), nous avons comparé, lors d’une étude en environnement virtuel (étude 2), différentes instructions de guidage pas-à-pas faisant appel aux sens visuel (flèches incrustées sur simulateur), auditif (sons spatialisés par casque à conduction osseuse) et haptique (montre vibrante au poignet droit), ainsi que l’utilisation d’une carte papier. Nous avons pu mettre en valeur que des difficultés de navigation observées chez les participants âgés avec la carte pouvaient être compensées par le recours à un guidage par flèches visuelles ou sons spatialisés. Nous avons poursuivi ce travail par une étude en environnement naturel urbain (étude 3) au cours de laquelle des participants âgés ont été invités à parcourir des itinéraires avec leur aide habituelle (carte), un guidage visuel par flèches projetées sur des lunettes de réalité augmentée, un guidage auditif par sons spatialisés grâce à un casque à conduction osseuse, et un guidage vibro-visuel proposant flèches et vibrations par le biais d’une montre connectée. Les résultats obtenus par des observables et des entretiens indiquent que les lunettes de réalité augmentée paraissent cette fois-ci, en contexte naturel, et au contraire de l’étude 2 sur simulateur, moins adaptées que le casque à conduction osseuse et que la montre connectée, ces deux derniers dispositifs montrant des résultats très positifs. La perceptibilité des instructions, leur interprétation en contexte de navigation, et le confort des participants sont grandement dépendants du dispositif technique utilisé.Dans une dernière étude, nous avons investigué les facteurs susceptibles de favoriser l’acceptabilité d’aides à la navigation qui ne sont pas disponibles sur le marché mais pourraient exister demain (ex. lentilles de réalité augmentée, vêtements vibrants, etc.). Nous proposons, en conclusion, plusieurs recommandations utiles à la conception d’aides à la navigation adaptées aux besoins et aux attentes des piétons âgés. / As worldwide population is ageing and concentrating in cities, maintaining older people's pedestrian mobility in urban areas has become a key issue for their health and autonomy. Walking is, indeed, one of the most frequent transportation mode used by older people in cities. But age-related perceptual, cognitive and physical declines could negatively impact this daily activity.Pedestrian navigation, which consists in moving from a point A to a point B, could be particularly affected when advancing in age. It involves complex cognitive and perceptual processes to perceive and understand a multiplicity of information required to reach destination. Older people tend to use paper maps to help them finding their way while navigating. But maps are not suitable for older pedestrians because they provide allocentric information (viewed from the top) which is difficult to understand when advancing in age and requires a lot of visual attention which is also needed to navigate safely. Technological pedestrian navigation aids (such as GPS systems) may help older people to navigate by providing them guidance messages via various sensory modalities in order to limit attention sharing. Those aids should also be related to a positive user experience to facilitate their acceptation among older people who feel not necessarily comfortable with technologies. This thesis in ergonomic psychology focuses on how older people perceive and experience various technological pedestrian navigation aids, providing them with visual, auditory and haptic egocentric turn-by-turn guidance messages. We firstly investigated the reasons why people use pedestrian mobility in their daily activities and the differences existing between retired and non-retired people (study 1). We then compared some step-by-step guidance messages to a paper map in a virtual environment (study 2). We used visual messages (arrows inlayed on the screen of the simulator), auditory messages (spatialized sounds provided by a bone-conduction headset) and haptic messages (vibrating watch around the right wrist) and highlighted that the increased difficulties faced by older people to find their way with a map could be compensated using visual arrows or spatialized sound. We then continued this work in a real urban environment (study 3). People were asked to navigate some routes with their own navigation aid (usually a map), or arrows inlayed in their field of view thanks to augmented-reality glasses, or spatialized sounds provided by a bone-conduction headset, or arrows displayed on a smartwatch that vibrated to announce that a visual message was incoming. Augmented-reality glasses were less suitable for older pedestrians than bone-conduction headset and smartwatch in the natural environment, which was different from the results observed in virtual environment. Results from the interviews showed that the perceptibility of the messages, the way people interpreted them in the environment, and the comfort people felt was highly conditioned by the device used. We finally investigated which UX dimensions cloud foster or limit the acceptability of some sensory navigation aids that do not exist yet but could exist in a near future (augmented-reality lens, vibrating clothes etc.).As a conclusion, we provide the reader with recommendations for designing navigation aids that are adapted to older pedestrians’ needs and expectations.

The world, including developing countries such as South Africa, is burdened with deeply rooted women sexual health challenges such as dysmenorrhea. Dysmenorrhoea, also known as, "period pains", while not life-threatening, has been troubling many women of childbearing age since ancient times. Many interventions and drugs are available and approved for use in the treatment of dysmenorrhea. However, dysmenorrhea remains least understood, many cultures and religions of the African countries still regard it as a "taboo" subject because it is a sexual and reproductive issue, and means of coping are considered indigenously "women’s knowledge”, as such increasingly, women negotiate with cultural beliefs and practices in the management of dysmenorrhea. South Africa, as a multicultural society, allows the practice of different types of health care systems such as dysmenorrhea management. Extensive efforts are being made by the government and the healthcare sector to understand and document the indigenous health knowledge for safe practices in improving the overall health of South Africans. Moreover, this study was conducted. This study aimed to understand the indigenous perspectives of the meaning and treatment modalities of dysmenorrhea among Batlokwa women. Purposive and snowball sampling was used to select participants. The findings were used to develop strategies to empower Batlokwa women with dysmenorrhea knowledge. This study was premised on a conviction that Batlokwa women have a unique perspective on dysmenorrhea meaning and treatment modalities based on their ethnicity background. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 was the empirical phase which was qualitative and was divided into two parts to address the first two objectives of the study. The population for Phase 1 constituted of the Batlokwa Traditional Health Practitioners (THPs) and Indigenous Knowledge Holders (IKHs). In part one modified photovoice approach was used to collect data in four different stages: • • Stage 1 – brainstorming and photograph taking training • • Stage 2 – taking photographs • • Stage 3 – Individual interviews • Stage 4 – modified Lekgotla discussion Data analysis for part one followed steps of photovoice data analysis guided by questioning the acronym “PHOTO” (Hussey 2006). The process involved photograph selection, contextualising and codifying. Photovoice enabled Batlokwa women (Traditional Health Practitioners and Indigenous Knowledge Holders) to share indigenous dysmenorrhea knowledge. Photographs taken by the participants were used to understand their perspectives regarding the meaning and treatment modalities of dysmenorrhea. Part two used in-depth interviews to collect data from women. In-depth interviews were conducted with different women to enhance the knowledge gained from the photovoice study. It was also to capture additional information that should have been missed during the photovoice study. Content data analysis was used in part two to provide detailed guidance for the coding process and analysis. The Africana Womanism theory was used as a framework to guide the study process and discussion of the findings and was grounded within critical realism worldview. This provided means to follow a systematic structure of understanding how the indigenous dysmenorrhea knowledge surfaced and maintained within the Batlokwa ethnicity. Five major themes were identified: holistic understanding of dysmenorrhea meaning; self-naming and definition of dysmenorrhea; diagnostic processes in indigenous health care practices; treatment modalities of dysmenorrhea; roles of THPs and IKHs in treatment and prevention of dysmenorrhea. Phase 2 addressed the third objective, which developed strategies to empower Batlokwa women with dysmenorrhea knowledge. Experts from indigenous knowledge holders, traditional health practitioners, health and education sectors. To reach consensus, a modified Lekgotla discussion utilising an expert panel reviewed items for importance, clarity, applicability, validity and reliability, with items subsequently amended or removed as such clear strategies which apply to the demographic group was developed to empower Batlokwa women with dysmenorrhea knowledge / Thesis (PhD (Nursing))--University of Pretoria, 2020. / Nursing Science / PhD (Nursing) / Unrestricted

Our goals as teachers are to connect what we teach to our student’s lived experiences, both in the moment they first encounter those ideas and hopefully days, months, years, decades later when they are engaging in their unique life pursuits. In this session, we will explore the defining characteristics of reflections and engage examples that can be used in various time frames, class sizes, and course modalities. These intentional, purposeful, and systemic reflections built into a course’s overall structure have the radical opportunity to support critical and inclusive moments for developing linked meanings with our content. Specific moments for deep reflection are an intentional part of building the radical praxis of hope that brings life and vitality back into learning. This interactive session will offer you a chance to consider more ways to add more deeply considered reflections into your courses.

The abundance of data in the information age poses an immense challenge for us: how to perform large-scale inference to understand and utilize this overwhelming amount of information. Such techniques are of tremendous intellectual significance and practical impact. As part of this grand challenge, the goal of my Ph.D. thesis is to develop effective and efficient statistical topic models for massive text collections by incorporating extra information from other modalities in addition to the text itself. Text documents are not just text, and different kinds of additional information are naturally interleaved with text. Most previous work, however, pays attention to only one modality at a time, and ignore the others. In my thesis, I will present a series of probabilistic topic models to show how we can bridge multiple modalities of information, in a united fashion, for various tasks. Interestingly, joint inference over multiple modalities leads to many findings that can not be discovered from just one modality alone, as briefly illustrated below: Email is pervasive nowadays. Much previous work in natural language processing modeled text using latent topics ignoring the social networks. On the other hand, social network research mainly dealt with the existence of links between entities without taking into consideration the language content or topics on those links. The author-recipient-topic (ART) model, by contrast, steers the discovery of topics according to the relationships between people, and learns topic distributions based on the direction-sensitive messages sent between entities. However, the ART model does not explicitly identify groups formed by entities in the network. Previous work in social network analysis ignores the fact that different groupings arise for different topics. The group-topic (GT) model, a probabilistic generative model of entity relationships and textual attributes, simultaneously discovers groups among the entities and topics among the corresponding text. Many of the large datasets do not have static latent structures; they are instead dynamic. The topics over time (TOT) model explicitly models time as an observed continuous variable. This allows TOT to see long-range dependencies in time and also helps avoid a Markov model's risk of inappropriately dividing a topic in two when there is a brief gap in its appearance. By treating time as a continuous variable, we also avoid the difficulties of discretization. Most topic models, including all of the above, rely on the bag of words assumption. However, word order and phrases are often critical to capturing the meaning of text. The topical n -grams (TNG) model discovers topics as well as meaningful, topical phrases simultaneously. In summary, we believe that these models are clear evidence that we can better understand and utilize massive text collections when additional modalities are considered and modeled jointly with text.

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