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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:03:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 05173.pdf: 1370300 bytes, checksum: 1f8f952d1c96e1be263a349a734d80cd (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

The corrosion behaviour of nickel and monel in aqueous fluoride solutions was studied by potentiostatic polarization techniques and surface examination of the corroded specimens. Nickel does not exhibit the usual active-passive transition for 0 < pH < 4.0 but corrodes rapidly especially at the grain boundaries. In the range 4.0 < pH < 6.5 the nickel-polarization curve contains two active regions. Nickel is passive in contact with a fluoride solution with 6.5 < pH < 12.0. Polarization curves of nickel in fluoride solutions of varied pH's and fluoride ion concentrations in the range 4.0 < pH < 7.0 revealed that the current as a function of potential in the first active region is independent of fluoride ion concentration but dependent on pH. The currents in the first passive and second active regions are a function of pH and fluoride ion concentration. Surface examinations showed that nickel corrodes at the grain boundaries in the second active region. A mechanism has been proposed which accounts for corrosion in the second active region by F⁻ adsorption and passivation by either H₂O or OH⁻ adsorption on the anodically polarized metal surface. A mathematical analysis based on competitive adsorption of these species as a function of electrode potential is shown to be consistent with the experimental data. Monel corrodes at less than half the rate of nickel at the mixed potential in fluoride solutions with 0< pH < 6.5 due to its larger hydrogen overvoltage. Monel exhibits active-passive behaviour similar to nickel but with the passive current up to 6 times as large. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Materials Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Neste trabalho foram realizados experimentos de soldagem de chapas de Tântalo e Monel 400 com 100 m de espessura. Foram realizadas soldas em um laser de Nd:YAG operando em modo pulsado e em um Laser de Fibra operando em modo contínuo. Em seguida a microestrutura das amostras foram analisadas através de microscopia ótica e foram realizados ensaio de microdureza Vickers. As amostras que apresentaram melhores resultados foram submetidas a ensaios de tração e a ensaios de corrosão. Após análise dos resultados observou-se que a soldagem a laser apresenta muitos benefícios em relação a outros processos convencionais para chapas finas. A soldagem no modo pulsado apresentou maior relação de aspecto se comparado a soldagem em modo contínuo. A soldagem em modo contínuo apresentou uma velocidade de soldagem muito superior ao modo pulsado. Os resultados indicaram que a soldagem no modo pulsado apresenta maior aplicabilidade para chapas finas, devido à necessidade um controle preciso sobre a intensidade aplicada. / This work carried out welding experiments of Tantalum and Monel 400 plates with 100 mm thickness. Welds were made with an Nd: YAG laser operating in a pulsed mode and in a fiber laser operating in continuous mode. Then the microstructure of the samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and were performed Vickers microhardness test. Samples that showed better results were subjected to tensile tests and the corrosion tests. After analysis of the results showed that the laser welding offers many benefits over other conventional processes for thin sheets. The welding in pulsed mode presented in superior aspect ratio compared to welding in continuous mode. The welding in continuous mode showed a much higher welding speed to pulsed mode. The results indicated that the welding in pulsed mode shows more applicability for sheet metal, due the need of a precise control of applied intensity.

Neste trabalho foram realizados experimentos de soldagem de chapas de Tântalo e Monel 400 com 100 m de espessura. Foram realizadas soldas em um laser de Nd:YAG operando em modo pulsado e em um Laser de Fibra operando em modo contínuo. Em seguida a microestrutura das amostras foram analisadas através de microscopia ótica e foram realizados ensaio de microdureza Vickers. As amostras que apresentaram melhores resultados foram submetidas a ensaios de tração e a ensaios de corrosão. Após análise dos resultados observou-se que a soldagem a laser apresenta muitos benefícios em relação a outros processos convencionais para chapas finas. A soldagem no modo pulsado apresentou maior relação de aspecto se comparado a soldagem em modo contínuo. A soldagem em modo contínuo apresentou uma velocidade de soldagem muito superior ao modo pulsado. Os resultados indicaram que a soldagem no modo pulsado apresenta maior aplicabilidade para chapas finas, devido à necessidade um controle preciso sobre a intensidade aplicada. / This work carried out welding experiments of Tantalum and Monel 400 plates with 100 mm thickness. Welds were made with an Nd: YAG laser operating in a pulsed mode and in a fiber laser operating in continuous mode. Then the microstructure of the samples were analyzed by optical microscopy and were performed Vickers microhardness test. Samples that showed better results were subjected to tensile tests and the corrosion tests. After analysis of the results showed that the laser welding offers many benefits over other conventional processes for thin sheets. The welding in pulsed mode presented in superior aspect ratio compared to welding in continuous mode. The welding in continuous mode showed a much higher welding speed to pulsed mode. The results indicated that the welding in pulsed mode shows more applicability for sheet metal, due the need of a precise control of applied intensity.

L’uranium hexafluoré (UF6), seul composé d’uranium volatil à basse température, est utilisé industriellement pour enrichir isotopiquement l’uranium afin de produire du combustible nucléaire. Cette thèse s’intéresse à trois problématiques rencontrées industriellement lors de la production d’UF6 : Celui-ci est synthétisé par l’action de fluor gazeux sur du tétrafluorure d’uranium (UF4) à haute température. Selon les conditions, cette réaction peut s’accompagner de la formation de fluorures dont la composition se situe entre UF4 et UF6, appelés fluorures d’uranium intermédiaires tels que UF5, U2F9 et U4F17 et qui viennent polluer les installations industrielles. Cette thèse permet de compléter le diagramme d’Agron qui définit les zones de stabilité des fluorures intermédiaires en fonction de la température et de la pression en UF6. Elle montre l’importance de la morphologie du solide utilisé et confirme la formation d’un nouveau fluorure intermédiaire de formule U4F19. Les fluorures d’uranium peuvent aussi former des composés en présence de polluants tels que les métaux alcalins. Les composés formés de fluorures de métaux alcalins (NaF et KF) et de tétrafluorure d’uranium ont été synthétisés. Leur fluoration par le fluor gazeux (F2) et l’UF6 a montré une oxydation de l’uranium jusqu’au degré d’oxydation V ou VI. Dans ce dernier cas de l’UF6 gazeux est produit ; mais la dissociation totale de l’uranium et de son fluorure alcalin n’a pas été observée. Enfin l’hexafluorure d’uranium est un puissant agent de corrosion notamment parce qu’il peut se dismuter et libérer du fluor. Une étude de fluoration par le fluor gazeux (F2) sur des nuances d’aciers inoxydables enrichis ou non en nickel et monel (70% Ni, 30% Cu) permet de mettre en évidence la faible résistance de ces aciers. Seul le monel présente une résistance accrue, confirmée par des essais de corrosion par UF6 qui mettent en évidence l’importance de la couche de passivation NiF2, formée par F2 avant l’attaque par UF6. Pour terminer, des études structurales réalisées à partir de diffraction des rayons X sur monocristal de composés uranifères utilisés au cours de ces études (UF4, UF5, Na7U6F31, Na7U2F15) permettent d’affiner la connaissance de ces composés. / Uranium hexafluoride (UF6), the only uranium compound volatile at low temperature, is used industrially for isotopical enrichment of uranium to produce nuclear fuel. This dissertation addresses three problems encountered industrially in the production of UF6 : It is synthesized by the action of fluorine gas (F2) on uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) at high temperature. Depending on conditions, this reaction may be accompanied by the formation of fluorides whose composition is between UF4 and UF6, called intermediate uranium fluorides such as UF5, U2F9 and U4F17 which pollute industrial facilities. This dissertation will complete Agron’s diagram which defines the stability zones of intermediate fluorides as a function of temperature and pressure of UF6. It shows the importance of the morphology of the solid used and confirms the formation of a new fluoride intermediate which formula is U4F19. The uranium fluorides can also form compounds in the presence of contaminants such as alkali metals. The compounds formed of alkali metal fluorides (NaF and KF) and uranium tetrafluoride were synthesized. Their fluorination with fluorine gas (F2) and UF6 showed an oxidation of uranium to the oxidation state V or VI. In the latter case, the UF6 gas is produced, but the total dissociation of uranium from its alkali fluoride was not observed. Finally uranium hexafluoride is a powerful agent of corrosion in particular because it can dismute and release fluoride. A study of fluorination by fluorine gas (F2) on stainless steel grades enriched or not in nickel and Monel (70% Ni, 30% Cu) is used to highlight the low resistance of steels. Only monel has a high resistance, confirmed by corrosion tests by UF6 that highlight the importance of the passivation layer NiF2, formed by F2 before the attack by UF6. Finally, structural studies carried out using X-ray diffraction on single crystal of uranium compounds used in these studies (UF4, UF5 Na7U6F31, Na7U2F15) enhance the knowledge of these compounds.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2009. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-238).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2006 Nov 29

Submitted by Maria Eneide de Souza Araujo (mearaujo@ipen.br) on 2015-10-07T12:39:18Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-07T12:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Submitted by Maria Eneide de Souza Araujo (mearaujo@ipen.br) on 2015-10-07T12:39:18Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-07T12:39:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Neste trabalho foram realizados experimentos de soldagem de chapas de Tântalo e Monel 400 com 100 m de espessura. Foram realizadas soldas em um laser de Nd:YAG operando em modo pulsado e em um Laser de Fibra operando em modo contínuo. Em seguida a microestrutura das amostras foram analisadas através de microscopia ótica e foram realizados ensaio de microdureza Vickers. As amostras que apresentaram melhores resultados foram submetidas a ensaios de tração e a ensaios de corrosão. Após análise dos resultados observou-se que a soldagem a laser apresenta muitos benefícios em relação a outros processos convencionais para chapas finas. A soldagem no modo pulsado apresentou maior relação de aspecto se comparado a soldagem em modo contínuo. A soldagem em modo contínuo apresentou uma velocidade de soldagem muito superior ao modo pulsado. Os resultados indicaram que a soldagem no modo pulsado apresenta maior aplicabilidade para chapas finas, devido à necessidade um controle preciso sobre a intensidade aplicada. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP