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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Approach- and Withdrawal-Oriented Responses to Social Rejection: The Role of Asymmetrical Frontal Cortical Activity

Peterson, Carly Kathryn 2009 December 1900 (has links)
Ostracism arouses negative affect. However, little is known about variables that influence the intensity of these negative affective responses. Two studies seek to fill this void by incorporating work on approach- and withdrawal-related emotional states and their associated cortical activations. Study 1 found that following ostracism, anger related directly to relative left frontal cortical activation. Study 2 used unilateral hand contractions to manipulate frontal cortical activity prior to an ostracizing event. Righthand contractions, compared to left-hand contractions, caused greater relative left frontal cortical activation during the hand contractions as well as during ostracism. Also, righthand contractions caused more self-reported anger in response to being ostracized. Within-condition correlations revealed patterns of associations between ostracisminduced frontal asymmetry and emotive responses to ostracism consistent with Study 1. Taken together, these results suggest that asymmetrical frontal cortical activity affects angry responses to ostracism, with greater relative left frontal cortical activity being associated with increased anger.
2

Can Frontal Alpha Asymmetry Predict the Perception of Emotions in Music?

Rischer, Katharina January 2016 (has links)
Resting frontal alpha asymmetry was measured with an electroencephalogram in 28 volunteers to predict the evaluation of emotions in music. Sixteen music excerpts either expressing happiness, sadness, anger or fear were rated by the participants with regard to conveyed mood, pleasantness and arousal. In addition, various variables of music background were collected. The experiment started with the assessment of current mood, followed by the evaluation of the music excerpts, and finished with the assessment of the participants’ approach and withdrawal behaviour. The results showed that each music excerpt was specic for the intended mood except for music of the category anger which obtained also high ratings for fear. These music excerpts were also the only ones for which a difference in ratings between relatively more left-active and right-active participants could be observed. Partly against expectations, left-dominant volunteers perceived music excerpts of the category anger to express more fear and anger than right-active participants. Results are interpreted within the behavioural inhibitionand approach model of anterior brain asymmetry.
3

Influence des émotions sur l’organisation biomécanique des mouvements volontaires d’approche et d’évitement : cas de l’initiation du pas et de l’élévation latérale de la jambe / Influence of emotions on the biomechanical organization of approach and avoidance voluntary movements : case of the step initiation and leg raising

Gendre, Manon 14 December 2015 (has links)
Résumé : L’objectif de cette thèse était d’investiguer l’influence des émotions sur l’organisation biomécanique de mouvements volontaires complexes, c’est-à-dire mobilisant l’ensemble du corps. L’effet des émotions a été testé par le biais de l’hypothèse de la direction motivationnelle selon laquelle 1) les stimuli plaisants faciliteraient les comportements d’approche et perturberaient les comportements d’évitement et 2) les stimuli déplaisants faciliteraient les comportements d’évitement et perturberaient les comportements d’approche. Deux modèles expérimentaux du mouvement complexe ont été choisis : l’initiation du pas vers l’avant et vers l’arrière (étude 1) et l’élévation latérale de la jambe (études 2 à 4). Les émotions étaient manipulées en exposant les participants à des images de l’International Affective Pictures System (induisant des émotions plaisantes et déplaisantes, étude 1) et en plaçant les participants au bord d’une plateforme surélevée (induisant une peur de chuter, études 2 à 4). Les mouvements étaient réalisés sur une plateforme de force (études 1 à 3). La cinématique du mouvement de la jambe oscillante était enregistrée grâce au système de capture de mouvements VICON (études 2 et 3). Les paramètres psychologiques (dimension de valence et d’activation des émotions, peur de chuter) étaient évalués grâce à des questionnaires. Les résultats de la première étude ont montré que les émotions plaisantes facilitaient les comportements d’approche (en termes de réactivité) et perturbaient les comportements d’évitement (en termes de vitesse du centre des masses lors des ajustements posturaux anticipateurs (APA) associés à un pas vers l’arrière), comparativement aux images déplaisantes et neutres. Cependant ces images semblaient aussi pouvoir perturber les comportements d’approche (en termes de pic de vitesse du centre des masses lors de l’exécution du pas vers l’avant). Les résultats de la deuxième étude ont démontré que les comportements d’approche envers la menace posturale (c’est-à-dire le vide) étaient perturbés (en termes d’amplitude et de durée des APA), comparativement aux comportements d’évitement. La troisième étude s’est ensuite intéressée à l’existence de différences interindividuelles dans la relation entre la menace posturale (et donc la peur de chuter) et l’organisation du mouvement volontaire. Les résultats ont révélé que la confiance en l’équilibre était un facteur de protection à la menace posturale. Ainsi, les participants reportant une forte confiance en leur équilibre étaient moins perturbés par la menace posturale que les participants reportant une faible confiance en leur équilibre. Enfin, la quatrième étude a cherché à expliquer l’existence de ces différences interindividuelles. Les résultats ont montré que l’estime globale de soi pouvait expliquer une partie de ces différences. En conclusion, les résultats de cette Thèse ne semblent confirmer que partiellement l’hypothèse de la direction motivationnelle. Pris ensemble, ces résultats ont permis d’améliorer la compréhension des processus sous-jacents à l’influence des émotions sur l’organisation du mouvement volontaire.Mots clés : Ajustements Posturaux Anticipateurs, Approche-Évitement, Contrôle Moteur, Émotions, Hypothèse de la Direction Motivationnelle / The aim of this thesis is to investigate the influence of emotions on the planning and execution of whole body voluntary movement. The effect of emotions was test thanks to the motivational direction hypothesis which supposed that 1) pleasant stimuli should facilitate approach and perturb avoidance behaviors. 2) Unpleasant stimuli should facilitate avoidance and perturb approach behaviors. Two experimental protocols have been chosen to pursue the investigation: Forward and backward gait initiation (study 1) and lateral elevation of the leg (studies 2-4). The emotions were manipulated by exposing the subjects to pictures of the International Affective Pictures System (inducing pleasant and unpleasant emotions, study 1) and by placing the subjects at the edge of an elevated platform (inducing fear of falling). Movements were performed on force platform (studies 1-3). Kinematic parameters of leg movement were recorded by the system of motion capture VICON (studies 2 and 3). Psychological parameters (valence and arousal dimensions of emotions fear of falling) were assessed by questionnaires. Results of the first study showed that pleasant pictures facilitated approach behaviors (as observed in the reactivity) and perturbed avoidance behaviors (as observed in the velocity of centre of mass during anticipatory postural adjustment (APA) prior to the execution of a backward step), compared to unpleasant or neutral pictures. However, these pleasant pictures also perturbed approach behaviors (as observed in the peak of centre of mass velocity during the execution of a forward step). Results of the second study showed that approach behaviors toward the postural threat (i.e, the void) were perturbed (as observed in the amplitude and duration of APA), compared to avoidance behaviors. The third study focused on the inter-individual differences in the relation between postural threat and organization of movement. Results revealed that balance confidence of the participants dealing with increased postural threat. In other terms, participants reported a high confidence in their own balance control were least perturbed than those reported a low balance confidence and vice versa. Finally, in the fourth study we tried to explain these inter-individual differences. The self-esteem seems to explain these differences. In conclusion, the results of this thesis seem to partially confirm the hypothesis of motivational direction. Put together, the results help improve our general understanding of the influence of emotions on the planning and execution of voluntary movements.Keywords: Anticipatory Postural Adjustments, Approach-Avoidance, Emotions, Motivational Direction Hypothesis, Motor Control

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