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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / Next-generation U.S. Navy destroyers, known as DD(X), will use electric drive motors to meet their propulsion needs instead of the traditional mechanical drives. The use of electric drive motors in naval vessels has spurred the development of high power converters. This thesis examines the feasibility of using an advanced control algorithm known as Sine-triangle Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) in combination with a Cascaded Multi-Level Converter (CMLC) in order to meet the U.S. Navy's strict requirements. The SPWM control algorithm was designed in Simulink and experimentally tested on a CMLC previously constructed at the Naval Postgraduate School. The controller and converter successfully powered a quarter horsepower three-phase induction motor. / Ensign, United States Navy

Although there are different HEV configurations, they are all based on same kinds of components. After introducing the main components HEVs use, we build up a model which can illustrate the basic idea of HEVs. The analysis of the model helps us to reveal the essential problem of HEV power control. The performance of a HEV depends not only on the individual components but also on how the components are coordinated. The power control system must determine operating points for the components during driving to save energy. The proposed power control approach is based on model predictive control and trying to solve the nature problem of HEV power control by an optimization concept, which makes the approach applicable for all kinds of HEVs. A number of different simulations have been executed to prove the feasibility of the approach. By changing some operational weights, the power control system can achieve different performances. / Another key concept adopted in the power control system is based on the premise that future driving load would affect fuel consumption, as well as the operating modes of the vehicle and the driver behavior do. The proposed power control approach incorporates a driving load forecasting algorithm whose role is to assess the driving environment, the driving style of the driver, and the trend of the vehicle using long and short term statistical features of the past drive cycle. This future driving load information is subsequently used to change the operational weights of the power control approach, such as engine efficiency, battery State of Charge (SOC), engine speed, etc. By this way, the power control approach leads to improved the vehicle's overall performance. / One of the major crises that the world is facing today is the problems of energy. With the beneficial effect on the environment and high energy transformation efficiency in hybrid electric vehicle technology, automobile manufacturers have begun to look more seriously into vehicles with alternative power sources. Aimed at solving the more and more serious problems of energy, HEV has been one of the best practical applications for transportation with high fuel economy. / This dissertation proposes a new power control approach for all kinds of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). / To obtain better performance, we use particle swarm optimization (PSO) to find optimal weights for different drive loads. Then, by integrating MPC controller and load forecasting algorithm, a realtime HEV power control system, model predictive power control with load forecasting system (MPC-LF), is developed. Experimental results prove the feasibility of the control system. / Wang, Zhancheng. / Adviser: Xu Yangsheng. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: B, page: 3631. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-140). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

In traditional Permanent Magnet Machines, such as electric motors and generators, power is transmitted by magnetic flux passing through an air gap, which has a very low magnetic permeability, limiting performance. However, reducing the air gap through traditional means carries risks in manufacturing, with tight tolerances and associated costs, and reliability, with thermal and dynamic effects requiring adequate clearance. Using a magnetically permeable, high dielectric strength material has the potential to improve magnetic performance, while at the same time offering performance advantages in heat transfer. Ferrofluids were studied as a method for improved permeability in the rotor / stator gap with a combined experimental and computational approach. Results show promise for the ferrofluid technique. An off-the-shelf motor system showed improved performance with ferrofluids vs. fluids of equivalent viscosity, and improved performance vs. an air gap at low RPM. New generator designs showed design dependent performance gains, although some potential for negative performance effects. A proof of concept generator was built and tested, with increased voltage vs. RPM predicted through virtual prototyping, and validated through experimentation, showing ~10% improvement on voltage vs. RPM at the <600 RPM range. More repeatable engineering tests demonstrated a ~30% increase in the voltage / RPM relationship for designs with an isolated stator chamber and a large stator - rotor gap. However, the effects were negative for a similar system with a small stator-rotor gap due to leakage flux effects. New contributions to the body of knowledge in this area include: • Application of the ferrofluid technique to axial flux designs. • Development of a virtual prototype, including variations in the fluid viscosity due to ferrohydrodynamic effects. • Consideration of negative effects of ferrofluid immersion, such as shear losses and increases in leakage flux. • Optimization of the design to eliminate increased viscous losses. The improved design has been designed, built, and tested, featuring isolation of the ferrofluid from the rotating region. This offers all of the performance gain of improved magnetic permeability, while minimizing the offsetting losses from increased shear effects.

Orientador: Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos / Banca: Emanuel Rocha Woiski / Banca: José Antonio Andrés Velásquez Alegre / Resumo: O emprego de óleos vegetais como combustível é conhecido desde os primórdios do motor de combustão interna de ignição por compressão. Atualmente, por conta dos elevados custos do petróleo e seus derivados, os combustíveis alternativos passam a ser competitivos sob o ponto de vista econômico para uso em motores. Diante desse contexto, foi proposta a construção de uma bancada dinamométrica, envolvendo o desenvolvimento e a concepção dos componentes necessários, e, depois, a realização de testes preliminares do desempenho de um motor reformado, operando com diesel comum comercial (B5), biodiesel de óleo de soja (B100) e nas seguintes proporções de mistura: B20, B50 e B80. Por meio dos ensaios preliminares, foi possível validar os resultados obtidos comparando-os com os valores de torque e potência definidos pelo fabricante do motor. Analisando as curvas obtidas em função da rotação e do combustível utilizado nos ensaios, foi verificado um melhor desempenho do motor com a utilização do B20, especialmente na faixa de rotação ao redor de 1.800 rpm, para a qual o mesmo foi projetado. Por outro lado, nesta mesma faixa de rotação, foi verificado o pior desempenho para a operação com B100, confirmando o que havia sido encontrado na literatura / Abstract: The use of vegetable oils as fuel is known since the dawn of the internal combustion engine of compression ignition. Currently, due to the high cost of oil and its derivatives, alternative fuels become competitive under the economic point of view for use in engines. In this context, it was proposed the construction of a dynamometer bench involving the development and design of the components required, and, after, performing preliminary testing of the performance of a refurbished engine, operating with common commercial diesel (B5), soybean oil biodiesel (B100) and in the following mixing ratios: B20, B50 and B80. Through the preliminary tests, it was possible validate the results obtained comparing them to the values of torque and power defined by the engine manufacturer. Analyzing the curves obtained in function of rotation and the fuel used in the tests, was found better engine performance using the B20, particularly in the speed range around 1,800 rpm, for which it was designed. On the other hand, in this same speed range, the worst performance was verified for operating with B100, confirming what had been found in the literature / Mestre

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