Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 204-215). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--George Mason University, 2008. / Vita: p. 138. Thesis director: Zafer Boybeyi. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computational Sciences and Informatics. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed July 3, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 132-137). Also issued in print.

Behaviour studies were undertaken on three populations of free living American sheep, one being a Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) one a Dall's sheep (0. d. dalli) and one a bighorn sheep population (0. canadensis canadensis). The habitat-, body care- and social behaviour patterns - except those of mother and young - were described in detail. Each social interaction recorded was transferred to a computer card. 3800 interactions were analysed and form the basis of the quantitative data reported. American sheep show only minor quantitative differences in their social behaviour. However, behavioural differences within populations of the same species occur and appear to reflect population quality. Sheep evolution is conceived as follows: Sheep evolved from rupicaprid ancestors. They evolved large horns, pneumated skulls, lost or reduced display hairs, increased the size of the rump patch and increased sexual dimorphism. The damaging fighting forms of the rupicaprids were replaced by a ritualised form of combat. Sheep lost the thick hide as a defence mechanism, and defend themselves by catching the horn blow with their horned head. Skulls evolved to absorb concussion. The broadside display was replaced by horn displays. Ram horns function not only as weapons, but also as guards, display organs and rank symbols. Sheep appear to have evolved rapidly whenever they colonized new habitat in the wake of retreating glaciers. The expanding populations would experience intense selection for forceful clashing and larger horn size. Large horn size is a function of neoteny in rams. Rams mature sexually at 1.5 - 2.5 years of age, but do not mature behaviourally or reach ultimate growth form until they are 7-8 years old. Females are paedo-genic forms which remain similar in appearance and behaviour to sexually mature yearling rams. Neoteny also explains the long body growth of rams, the reduction and loss of the neck ruff, increased sexual dimorphism, the intense gre-gariousness of females and of juvenile rams, the increasing independence and leadership of rams as they grow older, and the more frequent use of aggressive patterns by bighorn as compared to thin horn sheep. Rams prefer to interact with rams of their own horn size and with females. They treat subordinates, irrespective of sex, much the same as they treat females. Rams change their behaviour not with the sex of the companion but with its dominance rank. The more that subordinate rams resemble females in appearance, the more they are treated sexually by dominant rams. Subordinate rams may act like females to the extent of urinating, or, assuming lordosis when mounted. Non-estrous ewes withdraw from rams, but estrous ewes remain and act like subordinate rams. Ewes are guarded and defended singly as they come into heat. They are followed by a group of rams. The largest horned rams guard and mount estrous ewes. Rams fight throughout the years, not for females, but for dominance. Despite intense competition, the dominant ram takes the estrous ewe away from the subordinate uncontested. Sheep changed primarily in social adaptations, which evolved quite independently of habitat - or body care adaptation. / Science, Faculty of / Zoology, Department of / Graduate

This study compared the foraging behaviour and nutrition of Stone's sheep (Ovis dalli stonei) which had access to burned range to that of sheep on unburned range throughout the year. In winter, sheep were restricted to areas with less than 25-30 cm of snow. For most sheep this meant windswept, alpine ridges, but one small population used a burned, subalpine slope. Grazing pressure was high on these restricted winter ranges, particularly during a severe winter, resulting in removal j of all the forage from alpine range, and leaving only very poor quality forage on the subalpine range. The poor winter nutrition was reflected in low fecal nitrogen and DAPA levels and high Protostronqylus counts. In spring, sheep used either natural or fire-induced subalpine clearings to obtain early new plant growth. Forage quantity was much lower on unburned ranges, but biting rate and foraging time were the same as on burned ranges with high forage biomass. Quality of available forage and food intake were also similar. The foraging behaviour of Stone's sheep appeared to be similar to domestic sheep in that intake rate was primarily dependent on grass length rather than forage density. Sheep moved to higher elevations as the season progressed which provided them with access to the higher quality alpine forage. Regular use of mineral licks in summer apparently satisfied their sodium requirement. Grasses and sedges were the most important foods throughout the year although forbs and browse were important in the summer. Adult mortality rates were low. Lamb production was low following severe winters, presumably due to poor nutrition. An explanation for changes in lamb production based on density-dependent selective feeding was developed. Burned ranges were of limited value to Stone's sheep because they were usually unavailable as winter range, did not provide superior spring range and were not used in summer. Horn growth, however, appeared to be slightly better on burned ranges. A model of nutrient intake is developed to investigate the seasonal pattern of nutrition on burned and unburned ranges. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

Thesis (M.S.)--Royal Roads University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 71-75). Project presentation at BC Mountain Goat Workshop (March 1, 2005) also available electronically via Internet.

侯淑美. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院宗敎及神學學部, 1996. / 參考文献 : leaves ii-vii (2nd group). / Hou Shumei. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1 一6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 背景資料 --- p.7 ´ؤ19 / Chapter 第一節 --- 泰山之名 / Chapter 第二節 --- 五嶽之名之源由演變 / Chapter 第三節 --- 漢朝以前的人對山嶽的理解 / Chapter 第三章 --- 漢朝的泰山崇拜 --- p.20 ´ؤ52 / Chapter 第一節 --- 統治者的泰山崇拜 / Chapter (A) --- 引言 / Chapter (B ) --- 封禪 / Chapter (一） --- 封禪之簡介及解釋 / Chapter (二） --- 封禪的必備條件 / Chapter (三） --- 漢武帝封禪 / Chapter (四） --- 光武帝封禪 / Chapter (C --- ) 祭泰山 / Chapter (D --- ) 小結 / Chapter 第二節 --- 民間信仰者的泰山崇拜 / Chapter (A ) --- 引言 / Chapter (B ) --- 魂歸泰山的思想 / Chapter (一） --- 泰山是人死後的住所 / Chapter (二） --- 在泰山的死後世界中的官僚組織 / Chapter (三） --- 在泰山死後世界的生活 / Chapter (C ) --- 小結 / Chapter 第四章 --- 明朝的泰山崇拜 --- p.53 ´ؤ82 / Chapter 第一節 --- 統治者的泰山崇拜 / Chapter (A ) --- 引言 / Chapter (B ) --- 祭泰山 / Chapter (一) --- 祭泰山的內容 / Chapter (二） --- 在統治者的心目中，泰山之神之職能 / Chapter (C ) --- 小結 / Chapter 第二節 --- 民間信仰者的泰山崇拜 / Chapter (A ) --- 引言 / Chapter (B ) --- 朝泰山進香的情況 / Chapter (C ) --- 碧霞元君信仰 / Chapter (一) --- 碧霞元君的來歷之傳說 / Chapter (二） --- 碧霞元君的職能 / Chapter (D ) --- 小結 / Chapter 第五章 --- 漢朝與明朝的泰山崇拜 之比較 --- p.83 ´ؤ97 / Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.98 ´ؤ101 / 縮寫說明 --- p.i / 書目 --- p.i i 一 vi i / Chapter (一） --- 工具書 / Chapter (二） --- 道藏內文獻及中國古籍 / Chapter (三） --- 其他書籍及期刊

Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. / The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 28, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Lausanne, 1909. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-80).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2006. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Catherine A. Zabinski. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-109).