The brain; complex system people want to know about but still they are at the beginning of understanding it. There has been a lot of neuroimaging systems since developement of modern technologies and magnetic resonance imaging is one of them. In last days it isn't enough to examine only structural character of brain, the scientists are dealing with functional states more and more; the functional magnetic resonance imaging is perfectly good tool for this. There is a big amount of researches concerning individual brain regions but also a lot of them dealing with communication across the brain to clear up the causes of human behavior and functional failures. This thesis introduces the brain connectivity exploration, it uses the parcellation by anatomical atlases and it tries to use the knowledge of graph theory as one of the options to determine relations between brain centres and regions. The thesis introduces the software created for extraction of connectivity matrix resulting in graph processing and visualization.

Elektroencefalografický záznamový systém slouží k vyšetření mozkové aktivity. Na základě tohoto vyšetření lze stanovit diagnózu některých nemocí, například epilepsie. Účelem této práce bylo zpracování signálu z toho systému a vytvoření modelového signálu, který bude s reálným signálem porovnán. Uměle vytvořený signál vychází z Jansenova matematického modelu, který byl dále implementován v prostředí MATLAB a rozšířen ze základního modelu na komplexnější zahrnující nelinearity a model rozhraní elektroda – elektrolyt. Dále bylo provedeno měření signálů na EEG fantomu a následná identifikace parametrů naměřených signálu. V první fázi byly testovány jednoduché signály. Identifikace parametrů těchto signálů sloužila k validaci daného EEG fantomu. V druhé fázi bylo přistoupeno k testování EEG signálů navržených podle matematického Jansenova modelu. Analýza veškerých signálů zahrnuje mimo jiné časově frekvenční analýzu či ověření platnosti principu superpozice.

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Title of thesis: Source analysis and comparation of Feldenkrais inspired movement and visual stimulation using sLORETA Objectives: The thesis aim is to evaluate intracerebral source activity during a simple arm movement inspired by Feldenkrais method and to compare it with a visual stimulation of the same movement presented in a clip and with an imagination of the same movement. The movement inspired by Feldenkrais method was simplified to a repeated flexion of the dominant arm. Source analysis was evaluated from EEG and processed using sLORETA program, Methods: To obtain the data, experimental group was put together containing 12 participants aged 22-60, (mean = 27.2), both genders included. Participants were subjected to one-off measurement by the EEG instrument. Feldenkrais inspired movement of a flexion of a dominant upper right arm was investigated. The experiment constisted of six parts: 1. native EEG record with eyes closed and open, 2. active flexion of the dominant upper arm with eyes closed, 3. active flexion of the dominant upper arm with eyes opened, 4. watching video presenting repeated upper arm flexion, 5. dominant upper arm flexion imagination with eyes closed. Every part lasted for two minutes. Between individuals parts was inserted a pause. Obtained EEG data were processed with...

The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a standardized tool, which is used for fine and gross motor skills evaluation of hemiparetic patients after stroke. It is widely used abroad thanks to its excellent psychometric properties and easy administration. It is also used in many foreign studies to evaluate the function of upper extremity, especially for neurological patients. Unfortunately, so far it has been used only sporadically in the Czech Republic. In the theoretical part of this thesis the ARAT and the Modified Frenchay Scale (referred as "MFS") is described. In the practical part, the MFS is compared with the ARAT. The main aim of this diploma thesis is a pilot comparison of sensitivity of upper limb motor skills evaluation done by ARAT and MFS. Thirty patients after stroke were tested in the Rehabilitation Center Kladruby in three weeks. They were further divided into three intervention groups according to the severity of the paresis (light, medium, heavy). The analysis of the results shows that the sensitivity of both diagnostic tools is statistically comparable. According to the Spearman correlation coefficient, the ARAT and the MFS correlate very strongly in range of 0.96-0.98. The greatest differences were measured in the group of patients with moderate hemiparesis. In this group, the...

The exact role of opioid receptors in drug addiction and modulatory mechanism of action of monovalent cations on these receptors are still not fully understood. Our results support the view that the mechanism of addiction to morphine is primarily based on desensitization of μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Desenzitization of agonist response proceeds already at the level of G protein functional activity. Long-term exposure of rats to morphine resulted in increase of number of δ-opioid receptors and change of their sensitivity to sodium ions. Analysis of the effect of different monovalent ions on agonist binding in δ-OR- Gi1α (Cys351 -Ile351 )-HEK293 cell line confirmed the preferential sensitivity of δ-opioid receptor to sodium ions. We have distinguished the high- and low-affinity Na+ sites. Biophysical analysis of interaction of lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium ions with plasma membranes isolated from HEK293 cells with the help of fluorescent probes indicated that monovalent ions interact, in low-affinity manner, with the polar, membrane-water interface of membrane bilayer. Key words: morphine, forebrain cortex, opioid receptors, G proteins, monovalent ions, plasma membrane, fluorescence spectroscopy.

Summery The underlying mechanisms of weight gain and other affective and cognitive changes after initiation of deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease are still unclear. Considering the functional organization within the subthalamic nucleus (STN); limbic, associative and sensorimotor regions residing in the medial, central and later STN respectively, we hypothesized that weight gain may be related to medial localization of stimulation, while motor improvement may be related to lateral localization of stimulation within the STN (study 1). We further hypothesized that stimulation close to the limbic and associative part of the STN may be associated with negative impact on limbic system leading to enhanced anxiety and changes in the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA)(study 2). Therefore, the primary aims our study were to assess changes in body weight (study 1) and the hypothalamic- pituitary- adrenal axis (HPA) (study 2) in relation to the position of the active stimulating contact within the nucleus. ...

Title: Modern technologies used in physiotherapy at children with cerebral palsy Objectives: The goal of this diploma thesis is evaluate the effect of robotic and virtual therapy on motor functions of lower limbs at children with cerebral palsy. Furthermore, the work is focused on summarizing current knowledge about cerebral palsy, robotic and virtual technologies. Methods: The diploma thesis is processed as a literature review from available literary resources. First part of thesis contains all theoretical bases and knowledge's about cerebral palsy, robotic and virtual technologies use in physiotherapy lower limbs at children with this diagnosis. Second part has a descriptive - analytical character and contains analysis of studies, which was used treatment with robotic and virtual technologies. The thesis is concluded with a discussion, which focused mainly on three basic research questions of the diploma thesis. Results: A total of 8 randomized controlled trials that met the criteria for inclusion in this thesis were described. When making recommendations for using robotics and virtual technologies, is necessary to take into account the type of cerebral palsy, the degree of disability according to GMFCS, age, motor deficit and individual abilities and goals of the therapy. Studies show that the...

The exact role of opioid receptors in drug addiction and modulatory mechanism of action of monovalent cations on these receptors are still not fully understood. Our results support the view that the mechanism of addiction to morphine is primarily based on desensitization of μ- and δ-opioid receptors. Desenzitization of agonist response proceeds already at the level of G protein functional activity. Long-term exposure of rats to morphine resulted in increase of number of δ-opioid receptors and change of their sensitivity to sodium ions. Analysis of the effect of different monovalent ions on agonist binding in δ-OR- Gi1α (Cys351 -Ile351 )-HEK293 cell line confirmed the preferential sensitivity of δ-opioid receptor to sodium ions. We have distinguished the high- and low-affinity Na+ sites. Biophysical analysis of interaction of lithium, sodium, potassium and cesium ions with plasma membranes isolated from HEK293 cells with the help of fluorescent probes indicated that monovalent ions interact, in low-affinity manner, with the polar, membrane-water interface of membrane bilayer. Key words: morphine, forebrain cortex, opioid receptors, G proteins, monovalent ions, plasma membrane, fluorescence spectroscopy.

The diploma thesis is focused on fine motor skills and laterality of preschool children with cerebral palsy. Based on previous researches was found out, that cerebral palsy is influencing fine motor skills. With reference to these researches, the aim of this thesis is to find out, if there is difference between intact prechool children and preschool children with cerebral pals in fine motor skills and what particular differences there is. The thesis include laterality and question of pronounction in preschool age. The theoretical part describes evolution of children, defines fine motor skills and laterality, deals with cerebral palsy and describes fine motor skills of children with cerebral palsy including previous researches. The empirical part defines the aims of research, explorational questions, methods of research and testing activities. Next part is focused on selection of respondents and their characterics. Main part presents results of testing my respondents, analysis of results and discussion. The research was made by interview and qustionary for parents, and following testing of fine motor skills containing three parts - testing of laterality, grips and general fine motor skills. In results is described existing difference between intact preschool children and children with cerebral...