Ng Ka Shun = La₀.₄Ca₀.₆MnO₃/La₀.₈Ca₀.₂MnO₃多層薄膜之龐磁阻 / 吳家信. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Ng Ka Shun = La₀.₄Ca₀.₆MnO₃/La₀.₈Ca₀.₂MnO₃ duo ceng bo mo zhi pang ci zu / Wu Jiaxin. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Review of magnetresistance --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) --- p.1-4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Possible mechanism of CMR --- p.1-7 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Double exchange --- p.1-7 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phase separation and percolation theory --- p.1-9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Current carrier density collapse --- p.1-12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Our motivation --- p.1-14 / Chapter 1.5 --- Brief review of several manganite multilayer systems --- p.1-15 / Chapter 1.6 --- Scope of this thesis work --- p.1-16 / References --- p.1-17 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Instrumentation / Chapter 2.1 --- Thin film deposition --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Facing target sputtering (FTS) --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Connection of heating wires and thermocouple --- p.2-5 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Vacuum system --- p.2-7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Annealing system --- p.2-9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization --- p.2-11 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- p.2-11 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Resistance measurement --- p.2-13 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Thickness estimation --- p.2-15 / References --- p.2-15 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Growth and characterization of LCMO single layer thin film --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1 --- Fabrication and characterization of LCMO targets --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.2 --- Preparation of LCMO thin film --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Deposition conditions --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Depostion procedure --- p.3-8 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Characterization of single layer film --- p.3-9 / References --- p.3-12 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- La0.4Ca0.6MnO3 / La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 multilayers / Chapter 4.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.4-4 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Structural characterization --- p.4-4 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Transport properties --- p.4-10 / Chapter 4.3 --- Oxygen post-annealing of multilayer thin films --- p.4-13 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-13 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Oxygen post-annealing conditions --- p.4-14 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Results and discussion --- p.4-16 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.4-26 / References --- p.4-27 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion

"Learning lessons from nature is the key element in the design of tough and light composites."

Zhao Kun. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Zhao Kun.

by Li Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / by Li Ho. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Magnetoresistance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) in perovskite manganites --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Perovskite-type structure --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Metal-insulator transition --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.2.3 --- Possible origin of CMR --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2 --- Low field magnetoresistance in CMR materials --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Single crystal and polycrystalline perovskite manganites --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Manganite trilayer junctions --- p.13 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Possible mechanism of low field MR --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Our motivation --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Brief review of several manganite multilayer systems --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Scope of this thesis work --- p.18 / Reference --- p.19 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Preparation and characterization of manganite thin films / Chapter 2.1 --- Thin film deposition --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Facing-target sputtering (FTS) --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Vacuum system --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2 --- Fabrication and characterization of PCMO and LCMO targets --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3 --- Epitaxial growth of LCMO thin films --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Substrate materials --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Deposition conditions --- p.32 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Deposition procedure --- p.33 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Results and discussions --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Morphology --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Structure --- p.39 / Chapter 2.3.4.3 --- Transport properties --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.4.4 --- Conclusion --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4 --- Epitaxial growth of PCMO thin films --- p.49 / References --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- LCMO/PCMO multilayer / Chapter 3.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2 --- Results and discussion --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Structure characterization --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Transport properties --- p.59 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Low-field magnetoresistance --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Magnetization --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3 --- Conclusion --- p.76 / References --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusions --- p.78

Kong, Yu Chau = La₂/₃Ca₁/₃MnO₃/Y₂O₃和La₂/₃Ca₁/₃MnO₃/Gd₂O多層薄膜及其三文治結構的傳導特性之研究 / 江如秋. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Kong, Yu Chau = La₂/₃Ca₁/₃MnO₃/Y₂O₃ he La₂/₃Ca₁/₃MnO₃/Gd₂O duo ceng bo mo ji qi san wen zhi jie gou de chuan dao te xing zhi yan jiu / Jiang Ruqiu. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.ii / Acknowledgements --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Figures --- p.vii / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction to Magnetoresistance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2 --- Possible origins of CMR in doped manganite --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Double exchange mechanism --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Jahn-Teller (JT) distortion --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Tolerance factor --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Charge Ordering and percolation theory --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Literature Review --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Multilayers --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Junction --- p.25 / Chapter 1.5 --- Scope of this thesis --- p.26 / References --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Instrumentation / Chapter 2.1 --- Thin film deposition --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Facing target sputtering (FTS) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Vacuum system --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Oxygen annealing --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Characterization --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Alpha step profilometer --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- X-ray diffraction (XRD) --- p.36 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Transport measurement --- p.39 / Reference --- p.41 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Epitaxial growth of La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 and rare earth oxide single layer thin films / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2 --- Preparation of sputtering targets of rare earth metal and La2/3Ca1/3MnO3 --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Epitaxial growth of LCMO and Re2O3 thin film --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Substrate materials --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Deposition conditions --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Deposition procedures --- p.48 / Chapter 3.4 --- Characterization of single layer thin films --- p.49 / Chapter 3.5 --- Discussion --- p.52 / References --- p.53 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- LCMO/Y2O3 and LCM0/Gd203 multilayers / Chapter 4.1 --- Sample preparation --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- As-deposited multilayers --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Structural Characterization --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Transport properties --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3 --- Oxygen annealing --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Introduction --- p.67 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Post-annealing condition --- p.68 / Chapter 4.4 --- Oxygen post-annealed multilayers --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Structural Characterization --- p.69 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Transport properties --- p.76 / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.85 / References --- p.86 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- LCMO/Y2O3/LCMO trilayer sandwiches / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2 --- Sample preparation --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3 --- Current-Voltage (I-V) measurement --- p.90 / References --- p.92 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2 --- Further work --- p.94

Thesis (M.Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic version.

Tight gas sands, coal-bed methane, and gas shales are commonly called unconventional reservoirs. Tight gas sands (TGS) are often described as formations with an expected average permeability of 0.1mD or less. Gas production rates from TGS reservoirs are usually low due to poor permeability. As such, state-of-the-art technology must be used to economically develop the resource. TGS formations need to be hydraulically fractured in order to enhance the gas production rates. A majority of these reservoirs can be described as thick, multilayered gas systems. Many reservoirs are hundreds of feet thick and some are thousands of feet thick. The technology used to complete and stimulate thick, tight gas reservoirs is quite complex. It is often difficult to determine the optimum completion and stimulating techniques in thick reservoirs. The optimum methods are functions of many parameters, such as depth, pressure, temperature, in-situ stress and the number of layers. In multilayered reservoirs, it is important to include several sand layers in a single completion. The petroleum literature contains information on the various diversion techniques involved in the completion of these multilayered reservoirs. In this research, we have deduced and evaluated eight possible techniques that have been used in the oil and gas industry to divert multilayered fracture treatments in layered reservoirs. We have developed decision charts, economic analyses and computer programs that will assist completion engineers in determining which of the diversion methods are feasible for a given well stimulation. Our computer programs have been tested using case histories from the petroleum literature with results expressed in this thesis. A limited entry design program has also being developed from this research to calculate the fluid distribution into different layers when fracture treating multilayered tight gas reservoirs using the limited entry technique. The research is aimed at providing decision tools which will eventually be input into an expert advisor for well completions in tight gas reservoirs worldwide.

Tight gas sands, coal-bed methane, and gas shales are commonly called unconventional reservoirs. Tight gas sands (TGS) are often described as formations with an expected average permeability of 0.1mD or less. Gas production rates from TGS reservoirs are usually low due to poor permeability. As such, state-of-the-art technology must be used to economically develop the resource. TGS formations need to be hydraulically fractured in order to enhance the gas production rates. A majority of these reservoirs can be described as thick, multilayered gas systems. Many reservoirs are hundreds of feet thick and some are thousands of feet thick. The technology used to complete and stimulate thick, tight gas reservoirs is quite complex. It is often difficult to determine the optimum completion and stimulating techniques in thick reservoirs. The optimum methods are functions of many parameters, such as depth, pressure, temperature, in-situ stress and the number of layers. In multilayered reservoirs, it is important to include several sand layers in a single completion. The petroleum literature contains information on the various diversion techniques involved in the completion of these multilayered reservoirs. In this research, we have deduced and evaluated eight possible techniques that have been used in the oil and gas industry to divert multilayered fracture treatments in layered reservoirs. We have developed decision charts, economic analyses and computer programs that will assist completion engineers in determining which of the diversion methods are feasible for a given well stimulation. Our computer programs have been tested using case histories from the petroleum literature with results expressed in this thesis. A limited entry design program has also being developed from this research to calculate the fluid distribution into different layers when fracture treating multilayered tight gas reservoirs using the limited entry technique. The research is aimed at providing decision tools which will eventually be input into an expert advisor for well completions in tight gas reservoirs worldwide.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references. Available also from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-212). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.