Este trabalho reflete sobre a organização social mura, a partir do estudo de uma das aldeias que compõem o Terra Indígena Cunhã-Sapucaia, localizada no município de Borba (AM). O tema da construção e manutenção da comunidade desdobra-se para o quadro mais amplo das relações multilocais que congregam o universo das demais aldeias dentro do território, organizadas em torno do eixo do rio Igapó-Açu, através de linhas que traçam o espaço político. Linha é um conceito norteador dessa dissertação, uma definição para a relação, ela descortina-se como um modo de pensar de que maneira ela se manifesta em distintos contextos. A aldeia mura como espaço político e cosmopolítico fornece o panorama do qual acompanharemos o processo de fabricação do corpo e definição da noção de pessoa mura, chave para entender o parentesco e o socius. / This work is a reflection about the mura social organization, from the study of one of the villages that make up the Indigenous Area Cunhã-Sapucaia, situated in the city of Borba (AM). The theme of the community construction and maintenance unfolds to the broader picture of multilocal relations that encompass the universe of other villages in the area, organized around the river Igapó-Açu axis, through lines that outline the political space. Line is a guiding concept of this dissertation, a definition of the relationship, it unfolds as a way of thinking as it expresses itself in different contexts. The mura village as a political and cosmopolitical area, provides the context in which we will accompany the body manufacturing process and the definition of mura personhood, key to the comprehension of the kinship and the socius.

Este trabalho reflete sobre a organização social mura, a partir do estudo de uma das aldeias que compõem o Terra Indígena Cunhã-Sapucaia, localizada no município de Borba (AM). O tema da construção e manutenção da comunidade desdobra-se para o quadro mais amplo das relações multilocais que congregam o universo das demais aldeias dentro do território, organizadas em torno do eixo do rio Igapó-Açu, através de linhas que traçam o espaço político. Linha é um conceito norteador dessa dissertação, uma definição para a relação, ela descortina-se como um modo de pensar de que maneira ela se manifesta em distintos contextos. A aldeia mura como espaço político e cosmopolítico fornece o panorama do qual acompanharemos o processo de fabricação do corpo e definição da noção de pessoa mura, chave para entender o parentesco e o socius. / This work is a reflection about the mura social organization, from the study of one of the villages that make up the Indigenous Area Cunhã-Sapucaia, situated in the city of Borba (AM). The theme of the community construction and maintenance unfolds to the broader picture of multilocal relations that encompass the universe of other villages in the area, organized around the river Igapó-Açu axis, through lines that outline the political space. Line is a guiding concept of this dissertation, a definition of the relationship, it unfolds as a way of thinking as it expresses itself in different contexts. The mura village as a political and cosmopolitical area, provides the context in which we will accompany the body manufacturing process and the definition of mura personhood, key to the comprehension of the kinship and the socius.

La notion d’ancrage est au cœur de cette thèse. Nous l’abordons dans sa dimension temporelle et spatiale. Nous partons de l’hypothèse que l’ancrage d’une activité est un construit permanent qui mobilise des ressources variables dans le temps pour répondre à un marché labile. D’un point de vue spatial, l’ancrage dépendrait de la capacité des acteurs à être mobiles. Nous travaillons cette hypothèse à partir du cas des entreprises de la filière des plantes à parfum, aromatiques et médicinales installées dans la vallée de la Drôme. Cette petite filière est riche de son originalité : multiplicité des avals, fonctionnement mondialisé faiblement soutenu par les institutions, politique de gamme, produits de qualité générique ou spécifique, pilotage par l’aval. Notre cadre théorique est celui de l’approche territoriale mobilisant les concepts d’acteurs et de ressources. Au-delà de la volonté d’ancrage personnel des entrepreneurs, les résultats soulignent d’abord une construction de l’ancrage dans une dynamique collective. Mais celle-ci a du mal à se structurer en raison de la compétition entre les entreprises. Avec le temps, les partages deviennent plus informels. Toutefois, l’agglomération de ces entreprises, l’offre variée qu’elles proposent autour des différents avals, contribuent à forger une réputation collective au sein de la filière. L’ancrage tient donc à ce construit collectif mais également à une capacité à renouveler des ressources en réponse au marché, qui réclame des gammes allant du produit générique au produit très spécifique, avec une part d’intrants symboliques de plus en plus forte. À cette fin, les entrepreneurs construisent des stratégies multilocales pour répondre au marché et assurer la pérennisation de l’entreprise. Au centre de l’agencement spatial émerge un territoire dans ses multiples dimensions, dont chacune fait ressource : réseau localisé d’entreprises, territoire identitaire (hérité et construit) auquel vient aujourd'hui se superposer un territoire de projet institutionnel, le projet Biovallée®. Au-delà de ce lieu d’ancrage, non balisé, s’organise une forme en réseau qui court-circuite l’emboitement traditionnel des échelles. Les ressources de cet Ailleurs sont multiples et sont sollicitées de façon flexible : marché, connaissances, financement et surtout production. Ainsi, l’ancrage s’inscrit dans un agencement spatial fluctuant qui permet l’adaptation à un marché de plus en plus labile. / This research is about the territorial anchoring of economic activities in less favored rural areas. We approach it in its temporal and spatial dimension. We start from the assumption that anchoring is a permanent movement which mobilizes variable resources meeting the needs of a labile market. From a spatial perspective, anchoring could depend on the ability of actors to be mobile. We have tested this hypothesis using the case study of companies working in the sector of perfume, aromatic and medicinal plants and geographically located in a rural area in Drôme valley. This small industry is indeed very original/off beat - multiple downstream markets, a range of products of generic or specific quality, buyers driven dynamic. This industry is very global and not protected by the common market organizations. The territorial approach is our theoretical framework mobilizing the concepts of actors and resources. Beyond the anchoring will of entrepreneurs, our results underline fist the impact of a collective dynamic on anchoring. But this collective resource is difficult to structure due partly to a competition between companies. Indeed, the dynamic tends to evolve towards a coopetition in which the shares are becoming more and more informal. However, agglomeration of these companies and the varied selection they offer around different targets contribute to the building of a collective reputation within the sector. The collective action is thus an important part of anchoring as much as the ability to renew resources to meet the demands of market calling for product lines going from generic product to very specific product with more symbolic input. In this context, entrepreneurs have multi-local strategies to meet demands and ensure the success of their business. In the heart of this spatial arrangement a territory in its many dimensions emerges -localized network of companies, identity place (inherited and built) and today an institutional project, on which the Biovallée project® is superimposed. Beyond this place of anchorage with fluid boundaries lies a network relation which shortcuts the traditional fitting of scales. The resources of this “elsewhere” are multiple and support the local system bringing market, knowledge, funding and raw material. Thus, the anchoring of these activities fits in a fluctuating spatial arrangement that enables adaptation to a labile context.