The Revolution of 1910 in Mexico marked a great political and social upheaval. At the same time a recasting of Mexico's music occurred. Modern Mexican music is a unique combination of the influence inherited from Europe and the indigenous music of the country. This work attempts to trace the development of that combination. Chapter I gives a background of music in Mexico through Pre-Cortesian times, the colonial period and the operatic nineteenth century. Chapter II deals with the men who shaped present day music in Mexico. Chapter III is an analysis of selected twentieth century piano works. The analysis shows the tendencies of ten Mexican composers in their use of melody and rhythm. It includes a discussion of harmonic structure and tonality. The composers whose works were chosen for consideration in the analysis range from Manuel M. Ponce, considered the father of modern Mexican music, to Carlos Chavez, recognized as the outstanding exponent of music in Mexico today.

This study traces the significant developments in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries which led to the development of electronic music and increased writing for percussion. Whether by coincidence or premeditation, the field of percussion in Western culture and electronic music share many parallel aspects in their history. Carlos Chavez, Edgard Varese and John Cage foresaw a time when electronic music would allow composers to realize compositions with ease, provide new sounds to the spectrum of possible material for pieces and aid in the conception of works. Significantly, these same composers were important figures in the development of percussion composition. In many ways, Lejaren Hiller's Machine Music can be seen as a culmination of the developments which had been taking place in the history of electronic music and percussion music. A product of the innovations in both fields, it poses some formidable problems for the performers. This study will give some background into its composition, examine its structure and deal with its performance problems.

Orientador: Denise Hortencia Lopes Garcia / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Arte / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:08:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VottaJunior_Alfredo_M.pdf: 13778431 bytes, checksum: cbba6684483b3568f6d78a26e474efea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O compositor estoniano Arvo Pärt, nascido em 1935 e radicado na Alemanha desde os anos 1980, tem sido objeto de atenção do mundo musical por sua peculiar linguagem modal baseada na técnica tintinnabuli, formulada e nomeada pelo próprio Pärt. Esta técnica se baseia na ideia de utilização exclusiva das três notas de uma tríade em ao menos uma das vozes da textura musical. Esta técnica tem sido utilizada por Pärt desde meados dos anos 1970. Sua obra apresenta também numerosas afinidades com a música medieval, arte estudada por Pärt nos anos de interrupção de seu trabalho composicional que se prolongaram de 1968 até 1976. O canto gregoriano ocupou lugar de destaque nestes estudos, sendo por esta razão importante para a compreensão de sua obra. São apontados também, por inúmeras fontes (trabalhos acadêmicos, encartes de gravações e textos críticos jornalísticos), vínculos da obra de Pärt com o minimalismo, que se manifestam sobretudo no ideal de stasis, nos processos aditivos e nos ciclos. As técnicas desenvolvidas por Pärt, bem como aquelas que se podem relacionar a ele, são fértil campo para a formulação de novas ideias composicionais e mesmo para o reencontro com ideias antigas que podem fertilizar a expressão musical atual. / Abstract: Estonian composer Arvo Pärt, born in 1935 and living in Germany since the 1980s, has been the object of close attention by the musical world due to his peculiar modal language based on his own tintinnabuli technique. This technique builds upon the exclusive use of the three notes of a triad in at least one of the voices of a given musical texture. Pärt has been using this method since the mid-seventies. His work displays great affinity with medieval music as well. The music of the Middle Ages was studied by Pärt during his period of compositional silence from 1968 to 1976. Since that includes especially Gregorian chant, this genre is crucial for proper understanding of Pärt's work. Numerous sources (academic papers, recordings' booklets and press writings) have also pointed resemblance of Pärt's compositions with minimalism chiefly due to the ideal of stasis, additive processes and cycles. Pärt-developed and -related techniques are a fertile environment for the creation of new compositional ideas and a new approach towards ancient ideas as a means to contribute with current musical expression. / Mestrado / Mestre em Música

The secular music of the Eastern European Jews is known today as klezmer. Klezmer was the traditional instrumental celebratory music of Yiddish-speaking Ashkenazi Jews who eventually populated the Pale of Settlement, which encompassed modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine, Belarus and Romania. Due to the rise of oppression and expulsion, many klezmer musicians or klezmorim immigrated to the United States between 1880 and the early 1920s. These musicians found work in klezmer bands and orchestras as well as Yiddish radio and theater. Some of the most influential klezmorim were clarinetists Naftule Brandwein and Dave Tarras who helped develop an American klezmer style. While the American style flourished, the popularity of pure klezmer began to diminish. As American-born Jews began to prefer the new sounds of big band and jazz, klezmer was considered old-fashioned and was in danger of becoming a lost art form. During the early 1970s, a reawakening study of klezmer developed. Henry Sapoznik, Lev Liberman and Andy Statman were instrumental in creating a klezmer revival in the United States. At the same time, Argentinean-born Israeli clarinetist Giora Feidman was popularizing klezmer in Europe. Klezmer had again become popular and the revival's impact on the concert hall was inevitable. Even though klezmer has existed for centuries, composers have only recently included klezmer elements in their concert works. Characteristic modes (Freygish and Misheberakh), forms (freylekhs and doinas), instrumentation, and rhythms all contribute to create a unique style. Three musical works for clarinet are examined in the dissertation: Simeon Bellison's Four Hebrew Melodies in form of a suite, Simon Sargon's KlezMuzik and David Schiff's Divertimento from Gimpel the Fool. Although the compositions reveal different approaches to the elements, the klezmer influence is evident in each of them. An appendix of clarinet klezmer influenced concert works is included.

Rezension zu O śląska nutę von Mateusz Płomieński, erschienen 1997 im Verlag Musica Iagellonica Kraków

Zusammenfassung der Autorin zur 1998 an der Universität von Vilnius eingereichten Dissertation

This study was made in conjunction with a recital of contemporary American song literature. It it designed to show how the modern composer has taken the tools of words and music and utilized them in creating a valid art-form. I believe it is the first study of its kind that has been made. The song literature which formed the basis of the study has been attested to as valid data by Otto Luening, prominent modern composer and pedagogue and twice winner of the Guggenheim Fellowship in composition, and John Kirk, distinguished pianist and lecturer on modern music.

This dissertation is concerned with the relationship between the trumpet and organ in twentieth-century music for this ensemble and how that relationship effects performance with regard to organ registration and synchronization. The compositions discussed include "The Other Voices of the Trumpet," by Daniel Pinkham (1971); "Jericho: Battle Music," by William Albright (1976); "Three Pictures of Satan," by Jere Hutcheson (1975); and "Okna," by Petr Eben (1980). The theoretical writings of Pierre Boulez, Robert Erickson, and Donald Cogan deal with developing a contemporary concept of texture. This dissertation applies their theory that texture exists in two dimensions: vertical and horizontal. Stratification and blending of timbres comprise the vertical dimension. The succession of textures, governed by tempo, creates the second dimension. Chapter I provides an historical setting for the genre, introduces the theory of Boulez, Erickson, and Cogan, and supplies the programmatic content of the four works chosen for analysis. In Chapter II , the vertical elements of texture in these four works are isolated and examined. Chapter III deals with Pierre Boulez's theory that the succession of textures, governed by tempo, shapes the work. Each work is examined with regard to tempo, either mobile (fluctuating) or fixed. In Chapter IV the analysis is related to performance. Stratified textures, fused ensemble timbres, and their horizontal progression present problems for the ensemble in organ registration and synchronization. There are general guidelines given for registration as well as specific registration problems encountered in stratified textures and fused ensemble timbres. Synchronization, or coordination of events is the second challenge presented by the horizontal progression of textures.

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