The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of higher music education in Iran and music teacher training from 1868 to 1978, prior to the establishment of the Islamic Republic.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T20:31:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Egon Eduardo Sebben.pdf: 1754219 bytes, checksum: 34532e318099a98f37b3689897537ddb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-21 / The present work has as general objective to analyze the teaching activity of teachers of Music of Basic Education in the State of Paraná, problematizing the relationship between formation and practice and considering the public policies for the teaching of Art and Music in the educational reality of capitalist society. As specific objectives were defined: to analyze, through the curricula, the proposals of teacher training of courses of Music Teaching of State Universities at Paraná State; Analyze how graduates evaluate their training; To investigate in what way the teaching practice of the graduates has been constituted, specifically in the schools of Basic Education; To deepen studies on the potential of humanization through Art from the explanation of Marxian concepts. The research is based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of historical and dialectical materialism, with Marx, Engels, Lukács and Vázquez as the main authors, as well as the works of Lessa, Tonet, Martins, Moraes, Saviani and Pimenta, which support the theoretical-empirical analyzes and seek to understand the object in the face of the broader conditioning of society. The particularities of Art and Music education are discussed based on the researches of Penna, Subtil, Peixoto, Figueiredo, França and others. The field of research was delimited to four Music Teaching courses of state universities of Paraná - Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná (EMBAP), Faculdade de Artes do Paraná (FAP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) e Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). The data are composed of documentary sources, represented by the political-pedagogical projects of the Music Teaching courses investigated and graduated from the courses, acting as teachers in Basic Education in the following modalities: Art Discipline; Discipline of Music and Music Project. The data were collected through an open questionnaire. From the data, the analysis argues that the educational policies, training in Music teaching courses and teachers' teaching practice ultimately respond to the imperatives of the market and capital. The research indicates that teacher training and practice have been appropriate elements oriented to utilitarianism and pragmatism and postmodern elaborations, which also reflects the theoretical appropriations carried out by the field of Music Education in general. Such findings show that Teacher Training courses lack broader sociohistorical theories that support the artistic, aesthetic and pedagogical interpretation of the students. In this perspective, the courses need to be understood as a mediation element for the elevation of the teacher's training and teaching practice to the condition of teaching praxis and as spaces of resistance and political formation, based on the conscience of práxis. It is from the dialectical relation between the singularity of Music, the particularity of the training courses and the universality of the Art, having as mediator the praxis, that the research argues about the possibility of concrete advances for the area of Music education. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a atividade docente de professores de Música da Educação Básica no Estado do Paraná, problematizando a relação entre formação e prática e considerando as políticas públicas para o ensino de Arte e Música na realidade educacional da sociedade capitalista. Como objetivos específicos foram definidos: analisar, por meio dos currículos, as propostas de formação de professores de cursos de Licenciatura em Música de Universidades Estaduais do Paraná; Analisar como os egressos dos cursos avaliam sua formação; Investigar de que maneira tem se constituído a prática docente dos egressos, especificamente nas escolas de Educação Básica; Aprofundar estudos sobre a potencialidade de humanização pela Arte a partir da explicitação de conceitos marxianos. A pesquisa se fundamenta nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico e dialético, tendo como autores principais Marx, Engels, Lukács e Vázquez, assim como os trabalhos de Lessa, Tonet, Martins, Moraes, Saviani e Pimenta, os quais dão suporte às análises teórico-empíricas e buscam compreender o objeto frente aos condicionamentos mais amplos da sociedade. As particularidades da Arte e da Educação musical são discutidas com base nas pesquisas de Penna, Subtil, Peixoto, Figueiredo, França entre outros. O campo de pesquisa foi delimitado a quatro cursos de Licenciatura em Música de universidades estaduais do Paraná – Escola de Música e Belas Artes do Paraná (EMBAP), Faculdade de Artes do Paraná (FAP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) e Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa (UEPG). Os dados são compostos de fontes documentais, representadas pelos projetos político-pedagógicos dos cursos de Licenciatura em Música investigados e egressos dos cursos, atuantes como professores na Educação Básica nas seguintes modalidades: Disciplina de Arte; Disciplina de Música e Projeto de Música. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário de perguntas abertas. A partir dos dados, as análises apresentam subsídios para argumentar que as políticas educacionais, a formação nos cursos de Licenciatura em Música e a prática docente dos professores respondem, em última instância, aos imperativos do mercado e do capital. A pesquisa indica que formação e prática docente têm se apropriado de elementos voltados ao utilitarismo e pragmatismo e às elaborações de cunho pós-moderno, o que reflete igualmente as apropriações teóricas realizadas pelo campo da Educação Musical em geral. Tais constatações mostram que as licenciaturas carecem de teorias sócio-históricas mais amplas que fundamentem a interpretação artística, estética e pedagógica dos professores. Nessa perspectiva, os cursos necessitam ser compreendidos como elementos de mediação para a elevação da formação e prática docente do professor de Música à condição de práxis docente e enquanto espaços de resistência e formação política, tendo como fundamento a consciência da práxis. É a partir da relação dialética entre a singularidade da Música, a particularidade dos cursos de formação e a universalidade da Arte, tendo como mediadora a práxis, que a pesquisa argumenta sobre a possibilidade de avanços concretos para a área da educação musical.

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of music teachers in urban elementary schools. Title-I public elementary schools (N = 135) in Miami-Dade County were surveyed for demographic information, and fifty-six of the music teachers from those schools participated in the survey designed for this study. The survey was intended to accumulate data regarding the independent variables of student demographics, teacher demographics, student/teacher demographic differences, teacher training, and teacher support; the dependent variables examined were teacher attitudes about urban elementary music teaching and teacher expectations of their urban elementary music students. Results demonstrated that demographic factors were correlated, and most of the teachers mismatched demographically with their students. Professional support and the percentage of students receiving free or reduced lunch correlated with attitudes. The variables did not correlate with expectations, but because of a strong correlation with attitudes, expectations may have been indirectly affected by support and the percentage of students receiving free/reduced lunch. Support was the single predictor for attitudes, and when computed as an independent variable, attitudes were the sole predictor for expectations. No significant main effects or interactions between the variables were found.