This thesis concerns development and characterization of the FEBID technique to improve interfacial properties at MWCNT/graphene-metal junctions by forming graphitic nanojoints using hydrocarbon precursors. A fabrication protocol for ultralow-resistant, Ohmic contacts at MWCNT-metal junctions with FEBID graphitic nanojoints was developed, based on an in-depth topological/ compositional/electrical material characterization, yielding high performance “end” contacts to multiple conducting channels of MWCNT interconnect. Using the FEBID technique as a contact fabrication tool, three fabrication strategies of electrical contacts between the mechanically exfoliated multilayer graphene and a metal interconnect using graphitic nanojoints were proposed and demonstrated experimentally, suggesting one of them, the post-deposited FEBID graphitic interlayer formation, as the most efficient strategy. A patterned CVD grown monolayer graphene, which is a promising material for large area graphene device fabrication, was contacted to metal electrodes through the FEBID graphitic interlayer, whose formation and chemical coupling to graphene and metal were theoretically and experimentally explored. The effects of FEBID process on the graphitic interlayer formation and graphene electronic devices were demonstrated through electrical measurements, including the transmission line method (TLM) measurements for separate evaluation of sheet and contact resistances. Modifications of the graphene channel as well as interfacial properties of the graphene-metal junctions were achieved, highlighting a unique promise of the FEBID technique as a tool for enhancing chemical, thermo-mechanical, and electrical properties of graphene-metal interfaces along with controllable tuning of doping states of the graphene channel.

Η ηλεκτρική απόκριση ελαστομερικών συστημάτων HNBR, FKM και μειγμάτων αυτών, καθώς και νανοσύνθετων μειγμάτων HNBR/FKM ενισχυμένων με νανοσωλήνες άνθρακα πολλαπλού τοιχίου είναι το αντικείμενο της παρούσης εργασίας. Η ηλεκτρική απόκριση προσδιορίζεται με την μέθοδο της διηλεκτρικής φασματοσκοπίας ευρέως φάσματος. / In the present work the electric response of nanocomposites material consisted of elastomer blends as matrix and modified multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as reinforcing phase, is studied. The elastomer blends we studied was a mixture of HNBR and FKM elastotmers in 50/50 and 75/25 ratio respectively. Carbon nanotubes 10phr were added in both blends. Specifically, the dielectric response and the conductivity of elastomer nanocomposites is examined with parameters the content in MWCNT, FKM, the temperature and the frequency of the applied electric field. The dielectric response of those composite elastomer systems was studied in a wide frequency and temperature range.

No description available.

ANDRADE, Nádia Ferreira de. Propriedades vibracionais e estruturais de cadeias lineares de carbono. 2014. 213 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2016-01-05T19:46:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2016-01-05T19:55:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T19:55:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / We present a study of linear carbon chains encapsulated in multi-wall carbon nanotubes (Cn@MWCNT) using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy in ambient and extreme conditions. The linear chains were characterized by resonance Raman, thermal analysis, ion bombardment and using high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The HRTEM images obtained here shown the chain within the innermost MWCNT and in this work we obtain the first image of ``cross-section$"$ described for this system Cn@MWCNT. A Raman experiment was carried out in high pressure conditions (from 0 to 9.54 GPa) using a paraffin oil as pressure transmitting medium.The G band frequency of nanotube increase as pressure increase while the C-C stretching mode of linear carbon chain decreases. Theoretical results based on atomistic simulations allowed an understanding of vibrational behavior of the chains. Furthermore, we conducted works that involved instrumentation in order to set in the Department of Physics of the Federal University of Ceara, the instrumentation needed for the development of a device that enables to perform Raman spectroscopy and AFM measurements. For this purpose is necessary to integrate a scan-head, a controller system that controls the probe scan-head and an optical system that communicates with an APD (avalanche photodiode device), responsible for carrying the images with a spectrometer dedicated for obtaining Raman spectra. The system is functional as regards the ability to perform confocal measurements and ready for setting the near field measurements. / Apresentamos um estudo de cadeias lineares de carbono encapsuladas em nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (Cn@MWCNT) utilizando microscopia eletrônica e espectroscopia Raman em condições ambientes e extremas. As cadeias lineares foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia Raman ressonante, análise térmica, bombardeamento de íons e com microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As imagens de alta resolução aqui obtidas mostraram a presença das cadeias dentro do tubo mais interno do MWCNT e neste trabalho obtivemos a primeira imagem de "seção transversal" descrita na literatura para um sistema deste tipo. Um experimento Raman foi conduzido em condições de altas pressões (0 - 9,54 GPa), utilizando um óleo de parafina como meio transmissor de pressão. A frequência da banda G dos nanotubos aumentou com o aumento da pressão enquanto o modo de estiramento C-C das cadeias de carbono lineares diminuiu. Resultados teóricos baseados em simulações atomísticas permitiram uma compreensão do comportamento vibracional da cadeia. Além disso, realizamos trabalhos que envolveram instrumentação afim de instalar no Departamento de Física da Universidade Federal do Ceará toda a instrumentação necessária para o desenvolvimento de um equipamento que permite realizar espectroscopia Raman e medidas de microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Para isto, é necessário integrar uma "scan-head", um sistema controlador que controla a sonda da "scan-head" e um sistema óptico que se comunica com uma APD (dispositivo fotodiodo avalanche) responsável pela aquisição das imagens, com um espectrômetro dedicado à obtenção dos espectros Raman. O sistema ficou funcional no que diz respeito a capacidade de executar medidas confocal e está pronto para a realização de medidas de campo próximo.

ANDRADE, Nádia Ferreira de. Propriedades vibracionais e estruturais de cadeias lineares de carbono. 2015. 213 f. Tese (Doutorado em Física) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, Departamento de Física, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2015. / Submitted by Edvander Pires (edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T18:07:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edvander Pires(edvanderpires@gmail.com) on 2015-10-26T18:14:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T18:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_nfandrade.pdf: 12228920 bytes, checksum: 9f6aef6ce2c60c7d88f7ecb59b39e43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / We present a study of linear carbon chains encapsulated in multi-wall carbon nanotubes (Cn@MWCNT) using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy in ambient and extreme conditions. The linear chains were characterized by resonance Raman, thermal analysis, ion bombardment and using high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The HRTEM images obtained here shown the chain within the innermost MWCNT and in this work we obtain the first image of ``cross-section$"$ described for this system Cn@MWCNT. A Raman experiment was carried out in high pressure conditions (from 0 to 9.54 GPa) using a paraffin oil as pressure transmitting medium.The G band frequency of nanotube increase as pressure increase while the C-C stretching mode of linear carbon chain decreases. Theoretical results based on atomistic simulations allowed an understanding of vibrational behavior of the chains. Furthermore, we conducted works that involved instrumentation in order to set in the Department of Physics of the Federal University of Ceara, the instrumentation needed for the development of a device that enables to perform Raman spectroscopy and AFM measurements. For this purpose is necessary to integrate a scan-head, a controller system that controls the probe scan-head and an optical system that communicates with an APD (avalanche photodiode device), responsible for carrying the images with a spectrometer dedicated for obtaining Raman spectra. The system is functional as regards the ability to perform confocal measurements and ready for setting the near field measurements. / Apresentamos um estudo de cadeias lineares de carbono encapsuladas em nanotubos de carbono de paredes múltiplas (Cn@MWCNT) utilizando microscopia eletrônica e espectroscopia Raman em condições ambientes e extremas. As cadeias lineares foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia Raman ressonante, análise térmica, bombardeamento de íons e com microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. As imagens de alta resolução aqui obtidas mostraram a presença das cadeias dentro do tubo mais interno do MWCNT e neste trabalho obtivemos a primeira imagem de "seção transversal" descrita na literatura para um sistema deste tipo. Um experimento Raman foi conduzido em condições de altas pressões (0 - 9,54 GPa), utilizando um óleo de parafina como meio transmissor de pressão. A frequência da banda G dos nanotubos aumentou com o aumento da pressão enquanto o modo de estiramento C-C das cadeias de carbono lineares diminuiu. Resultados teóricos baseados em simulações atomísticas permitiram uma compreensão do comportamento vibracional da cadeia. Além disso, realizamos trabalhos que envolveram instrumentação afim de instalar no Departamento de Física da Universidade Federal do Ceará toda a instrumentação necessária para o desenvolvimento de um equipamento que permite realizar espectroscopia Raman e medidas de microscopia de força atômica (AFM). Para isto, é necessário integrar uma "scan-head", um sistema controlador que controla a sonda da "scan-head" e um sistema óptico que se comunica com uma APD (dispositivo fotodiodo avalanche) responsável pela aquisição das imagens, com um espectrômetro dedicado à obtenção dos espectros Raman. O sistema ficou funcional no que diz respeito a capacidade de executar medidas confocal e está pronto para a realização de medidas de campo próximo.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / We present a study of linear carbon chains encapsulated in multi-wall carbon nanotubes (Cn@MWCNT) using electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy in ambient and extreme conditions. The linear chains were characterized by resonance Raman, thermal analysis, ion bombardment and using high resolution and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The HRTEM images obtained here shown the chain within the innermost MWCNT and in this work we obtain the first image of ``cross-section$"$ described for this system Cn@MWCNT. A Raman experiment was carried out in high pressure conditions (from 0 to 9.54 GPa) using a paraffin oil as pressure transmitting medium.The G band frequency of nanotube increase as pressure increase while the C-C stretching mode of linear carbon chain decreases. Theoretical results based on atomistic simulations allowed an understanding of vibrational behavior of the chains. Furthermore, we conducted works that involved instrumentation in order to set in the Department of Physics of the Federal University of Ceara, the instrumentation needed for the development of a device that enables to perform Raman spectroscopy and AFM measurements. For this purpose is necessary to integrate a scan-head, a controller system that controls the probe scan-head and an optical system that communicates with an APD (avalanche photodiode device), responsible for carrying the images with a spectrometer dedicated for obtaining Raman spectra. The system is functional as regards the ability to perform confocal measurements and ready for setting the near field measurements. / Apresentamos um estudo de cadeias lineares de carbono encapsuladas em nanotubos de carbono de paredes mÃltiplas (Cn@MWCNT) utilizando microscopia eletrÃnica e espectroscopia Raman em condiÃÃes ambientes e extremas. As cadeias lineares foram caracterizadas por espectroscopia Raman ressonante, anÃlise tÃrmica, bombardeamento de Ãons e com microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo. As imagens de alta resoluÃÃo aqui obtidas mostraram a presenÃa das cadeias dentro do tubo mais interno do MWCNT e neste trabalho obtivemos a primeira imagem de "seÃÃo transversal" descrita na literatura para um sistema deste tipo. Um experimento Raman foi conduzido em condiÃÃes de altas pressÃes (0 - 9,54 GPa), utilizando um Ãleo de parafina como meio transmissor de pressÃo. A frequÃncia da banda G dos nanotubos aumentou com o aumento da pressÃo enquanto o modo de estiramento C-C das cadeias de carbono lineares diminuiu. Resultados teÃricos baseados em simulaÃÃes atomÃsticas permitiram uma compreensÃo do comportamento vibracional da cadeia. AlÃm disso, realizamos trabalhos que envolveram instrumentaÃÃo afim de instalar no Departamento de FÃsica da Universidade Federal do Cearà toda a instrumentaÃÃo necessÃria para o desenvolvimento de um equipamento que permite realizar espectroscopia Raman e medidas de microscopia de forÃa atÃmica (AFM). Para isto, à necessÃrio integrar uma "scan-head", um sistema controlador que controla a sonda da "scan-head" e um sistema Ãptico que se comunica com uma APD (dispositivo fotodiodo avalanche) responsÃvel pela aquisiÃÃo das imagens, com um espectrÃmetro dedicado à obtenÃÃo dos espectros Raman. O sistema ficou funcional no que diz respeito a capacidade de executar medidas confocal e està pronto para a realizaÃÃo de medidas de campo prÃximo.

The interwall spacing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes has an effect on their physical and chemical properties. Tubes with larger interwall spacing - compared to the spacing where the carbon atoms are in their natural distance to each other - are for instance expected to be mechanically less stable. Considering the MWCNT interwall spacing’s dependence on the tube size, three interesting previous studies with slightly different conclusions can be found. All of them conclude an increase of the interwall spacing with a decreasing tube size. We describe their analysis procedure, compare them to each other and to our own measured data. In the beginning of our analyses, we determine the expected inaccuracy for measured distances out of TEM images being up to 10 % and we show the impacts of the TEM’s defocus, a powerful setting in TEM imaging. Finally, we suppose that the interwall spacings are not as strongly varying as one previous study concludes, but our analyses are relatively in harmony with the two other studies. The interwall spacings from tubes with an inner diameter larger than 5 nm are relatively constant within the whole tube. Furthermore, it appears that the middle spacings (excluding the outer- and innermost ones) show values that are most consistent with the interlayer spacings of turbostratic graphite. In underfocused images, the outer- and innermost spacings tend to have values being slightly smaller than the middle ones from the same tube.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully coated with two different pseudocapacitive polyoxometalates (POMs) (SiMo12O40-4 (SiMo12) and PMo12O40-3 (PMo12)) via “Layer-by-Layer” deposition. Even with merely a “single-layer” of POM, the modified nanotubes exhibited more than 2X increase in capacitance compared with that of bare nanotubes. To further improve their electrochemical performances, the deposition sequence of the POM layers was adjusted to form “alternate layer” coating to modify MWCNT. A synergistic effect on the capacitance and kinetics was observed with the alternate layer coatings. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also proved the successful coating of POMs on MWCNTs. The potential-pH relationship provided important insights in terms of the deposition mechanism and suggested that the bottom layer close to the electrode substrate was the dominating layer in alternate layer coated MWCNT electrodes.

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully coated with two different pseudocapacitive polyoxometalates (POMs) (SiMo12O40-4 (SiMo12) and PMo12O40-3 (PMo12)) via “Layer-by-Layer” deposition. Even with merely a “single-layer” of POM, the modified nanotubes exhibited more than 2X increase in capacitance compared with that of bare nanotubes. To further improve their electrochemical performances, the deposition sequence of the POM layers was adjusted to form “alternate layer” coating to modify MWCNT. A synergistic effect on the capacitance and kinetics was observed with the alternate layer coatings. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) also proved the successful coating of POMs on MWCNTs. The potential-pH relationship provided important insights in terms of the deposition mechanism and suggested that the bottom layer close to the electrode substrate was the dominating layer in alternate layer coated MWCNT electrodes.

In this study, with near-field electrospinning technique of PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride) piezoelectric nano-fibers and the additional multiwalled-carbon nanotubes(MWCNT), both mechanical strength and piezoelectric characteristics of a single nano-fiber were discussed. Then the behavior of piezoelectric fiber actuators was realized using inverse piezoelectric effect. Near-field electrostatic technology can be used to fabricate PVDF piezoelectric fibers with an excellent piezoelectric property compared with film structures due to a higher piezoelectric coefficient and energy conversion efficiency. It is more suitable to produce micro transducers. By adjusting velocity of a fully parametric x-y stage, DC voltage, and the distance between the needle and collection plate, the morphology and polarization intensity of piezoelectric fiber can fully be controlled. In addition, the optimal parameters of PVDF solution such as PVDF powder weight percentage and MWCNT were also discussed. From the observation of XRD (X-ray diffraction), it reveals a high diffraction peak at 2£c=20.8¢X of piezoelectric crystal £]-phase structure. Finally, the actuation property was tested using DC voltage supply, and fiber has significant deflection in the experiment. The vertical deflection can be observed and compared with model solution of piezoelectric cantilever structure. In the fiber¡¦s direct piezoelectric effect, the result shows that fiber can produce an open circuit voltage of 15mV under a low frequency vibration of 7Hz.