L'interaction plasma-polymère constitue aujourd'hui une discipline à part entière en raison des très nombreuses applications auxquelles elle conduit, comme la fonctionnalisation de surface ou le dépôt de film mince possédant des caractéristiques physico-chimiques inédites. L'utilisation des polymères joue également depuis longtemps un rôle incontournable en micro et nanotechnologies, que ce soit en microélectronique ou pour la fabrication de MEMS. Une des opérations importantes dans ces domaines est la gravure de résine photosensible, celle-ci doit être soit parfaitement anisotrope afin de respecter les dimensions des motifs soit isotrope dans le cas d'enlèvement des résines utilisées comme masque. La maitrise de tels procédés plasma avec des spécifications aussi contradictoires nécessite une compréhension approfondie des mécanismes réactionnels.Dans ce contexte mon travail de thèse a pour objectif d'enrichir les modèles de gravure existants en prenant en compte la nature physico-chimique des polymères et les différents mécanismes réactionnelles puis de réaliser une validation expérimentale. Ce travail de compréhension me permettra de travailler sur un procédé innovant de gravure profonde en vue de la réalisation de filtres polymères pour la micro-filtration à partir de films plastiques.L'ensemble de l'étude expérimentale s'appuie sur un travail préliminaire de conception et de réalisation d'un réacteur prototype intégrant des sources plasma distribuées à conditions opératoire étendues, permettant un découplage des différents paramètres intervenant dans les procédés de gravure. / The plasma-polymer interaction is now a discipline in its own right because of the many applications to which it leads, as surface functionalization or deposition of thin film with unprecedented physical and chemical characteristics. The use of polymers also has long played a key role in micro and nanotechnology, both in microelectronics or MEMS manufacturing. A significant operations in these areas is etching photoresist, it must be either anisotropic perfectly to meet the dimensions of the patterns is isotropic in the case of removal of resins used as a mask. The mastery of such plasma processes with such contradictory specifications requires a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms.In this context my thesis aims to enrich existing models of etching taking into account the physical and chemical nature of polymers and different reaction mechanisms and then perform an experimental validation. This work of understanding will allow me to work on an innovative process for deep etching for the realization of polymer filters for micro-filtration from plastic films.All the experimental study is based on a preliminary design work and construction of a prototype reactor incorporating plasma sources distributed operating condition ranges, allowing a decoupling of the different parameters involved in the etching processes.

Cost-effective processing of dairy whey permeates is important to the environment and economics of the agriculture industry in Canada. Bioconversion of whey permeates is an attractive means of obtaining value-added adjuncts with improved nutritional and functional properties. In the past, cost-effective technologies to recover additional value from whey permeates at a low cost were lacking. Currently, such a technological platform is now feasible with the introduction of new modern bioconversion technologies that incorporate batch or continuous bioreactors, and use ultra- and nano-filtration membranes for the separation of whey permeate components. In this dissertation, a novel processing methodology is described. This methodology, which is a desirable configuration for food manufacturers includes a stirred batch nanomembrane bioreactor equipped with a crossflow nanomembrane and offers lactose bioconversion with an immobilized biocatalyst, product separation, and biocatalyst recovery in a batch operation. The major focus of this research was on: a) the development of a new analytical methodology for carbohydrate measurement during the lactose bioconversion process, b) the selection, testing and integration of highly selective nanomembranes to separate the desired substrates, whey permeate carbohydrates, from the reaction mixture, and c) the production of a stable and highly active and specific immobilized biocatalyst. Noticeably, this methodology was designed, developed and tested for the bioconversion of lactose, but could also be used for the bioconversion of other carbohydrate feedstocks. The food industry in Canada needs an integrated approach to achieve complete lactose reclamation and use. This research project offers such a solution. The research described in this dissertation presents an integrated model of a stirred batch bioreactor that may support not only current, but also future research, and may economically impact the development and bioconversion of whey permeates containing lactose. This may lead to the development of a continuous processing methodology for low cost recovery of lactose from whey permeates and simultaneous conversion to value-added products. / Bioresource and Food Engineering

No description available.

1-Decene is a valuable product in linear alpha olefins plants that is contaminated with 2-EHA (2-ethyl hexyl amine). Using organic solvent nanofiltration membranes for this separation is quite challengeable. A membrane has to be a chemically stable in this environment with reasonable and stable separation factor. This paper shows that Teflon AF 2400 and cellulose acetate produced interesting results in 1-decene/2-EHA separation. The separation factor of Teflon AF 2400 is 3 with a stable permeance of 1.1x10-2 L/(m2·h·bar). Likewise, cellulose acetate gave 2-EHA/1-decene separation factor of 2 with a lower permeance of 3.67x10-3 L/(m2·h·bar). A series of hydrophilic membranes were tested but they did not give any separation due to high degree of swelling of 2-EHA with these polymers. The large swelling causes the membrane to lose its diffusivity selectivity because of an increase in the polymer's chain mobility.

No description available.