Thesis (M.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1966. / Typewritten.

Bibliography: leaves 302-359. / xxvi, 392 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Psychology, 2000?

This thesis traces the paths and trajectories that one substance - the plant stimulant Catha edulis (Forssk.), known in Kenya as 'miraa' - takes in the course of its 'social life' from production, through exchange, to its points of consumption. The thesis attempts to draw out the richness in this social life through an in-depth ethnographic examination of these trajectories, emphasising in particular their socially-embedded nature. By following an approach influenced by the volume The social life of things (Appadurai [ed.] 1986) the thesis is able to tease out much of the significance the substance has for those people who animate its social life. The trajectories covered vary greatly in range, from those involving local consumption in the area in which it is grown - the Nyambene Hills district of Kenya - to those that take it thousands of miles away to Europe and North America. The vast range of the substance allows for the generation of many different meanings and associations, and many of these are brought out over the course of the thesis. The trade of the substance (trade that relies much on trust) and its consumption are seen as in many ways socially cohesive, while in other respects socially divisive: while substances like miraa can build bridges, they can also build fences. Of especial importance to the thesis is the character of Nicholas, whose relationship with miraa demonstrates how individuals can take on board shared meanings concerning a substance, whilst creating many new meanings of their own through processes of convergence and divergence. The study addresses both the significance of miraa and its social life for wider debates in anthropology and its significance within the lives of farmers, traders, and consumers, and anyone engaged in debating its merits.

Methadone is currently the most widely used agent to manage opioid dependence, but clinical experience has highlighted some limitations with its use. In particular, a relatively high proportion of patients complain of breakthrough withdrawal symptoms ( non - holding ) at apparently adequate methadone doses. Levo - alpha - acetylmethadol ( LAAM ) is a long acting opioid that is likely to benefit methadone non - holders ; however, relatively little is known about its pharmacology at steady state. The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate LAAM as an alternative maintenance pharmacotherapy to methadone for the treatment of non - holders ; subsidiary aims were to elucidate the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of LAAM and its active metabolites ( nor - and dinor - LAAM ), and to examine the in vitro activity of LAAM, nor - and dinor - LAAM. Sixteen methadone maintenance patients ( non - holders = 8 ) were recruited to participate in a randomised, crossover trial of LAAM and methadone. At steady state there were two testing sessions ( 24 h for methadone and 48 h for LAAM ) that featured the concurrent measurement of plasma drug concentrations and both subjective and physiological indices of opioid effect. Cognitive and psychomotor functions were also assessed once during each inter - dosing interval study. Ten age - and gender - matched controls were also tested. The peak magnitude of methadone ' s and LAAM ' s effects were similar. Compared to methadone, LAAM was associated with more stable and less severe withdrawal and mood disturbance. The general pattern of symptom complaints and cognitive function was similar for both drugs. Severity of mood disturbance and withdrawal was similar in holders on methadone and LAAM, but was greater in non - holders when they were taking methadone than LAAM. In comparison to plasma ( R ) - ( - ) methadone, plasma nor - and dinor - LAAM concentrations fluctuated little over the dosing interval. Furthermore, nor - and dinor - LAAM were both more potent in the guinea - pig ileum bioassay, and had greater affinity for mu opioid receptors in receptor binding studies, than LAAM. In conclusion, LAAM converted methadone non - holders into LAAM holders. It is proposed that it is the relatively flat plasma concentration - time profile for nor - and dinor - LAAM that confer stability of opioid effect, minimising withdrawal. Therefore, LAAM may have a role in selected patients, whose response to methadone is suboptimal. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Medical Sciences, 2006.

Increased demands on amphetamine dependence treatment services point to a need for effective pharmacotherapies for withdrawal symptom suppression. However, empirical data on which to base effective treatments are scarce. To address the need for an evidence base, four studies were conducted in two countries - Australia and Thailand. Firstly, the time course and severity of amphetamine withdrawal symptoms were characterised in two inpatient samples of amphetamine users. Results identified the first week of abstinence as an acute withdrawal phase characterised by increased sleeping, eating and a cluster of mood and anxiety - related symptoms. Following the acute phase, most withdrawal symptoms remained stable and at low levels for the remaining two weeks of abstinence ( the sub - acute phase ). Data from these two studies formed the basis for a new instrument, the Amphetamine Cessation Symptom Assessment scale ( ACSA ). On psychometric testing, the ACSA showed satisfactory reliability and a clear psychometric structure, delineating symptom clusters and their correlates with a three factor solution providing the best fit to the data. Using the ACSA to measure outcome, the safety and efficacy of the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor antidepressant mirtazapine ( 15 - 60 mg per day, n = 13 ), and the wake-promoting drug, modafinil ( 400mg per day, n = 14 ) were assessed in successive, open - label, inpatient pilot trials. Study medication was administered for up to ten days. An historical comparison group ( n = 22 ) who received treatment as usual consisting of pericyazine 2.5 - 10mg per day for control of agitation served as a comparison. Results showed that modafinil and mirtazapine were well tolerated, producing minimal positive subjective effects. There were significant group differences in withdrawal severity ( F = 18.6, df 2,219 p < 0.001 ). Post - hoc analysis showed that modafinil was more effective than mirtazapine ( p = 0.041 ), and both were more effective than treatment as usual ( both p < 0.001 ) in ameliorating withdrawal severity. Overall, these studies identified a peak in withdrawal severity during the first week of abstinence ; demonstrated the reliability and validity of the ACSA and identified modafinil as a safe and potentially effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of amphetamine withdrawal symptoms. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Medical School, 2005.

O mundo onde vivemos vem apresentando mudanças avassaladoras e, evidentemente, transformações também ocorrem na clínica psicanalítica, que se depara com novas formas dos sintomas. O homem, ao nascer, depende de alguém para continuar vivendo, o que confere a ele a característica de um desamparo fundamental, no qual necessita do suporte do outro para sua sobrevivência. Alguns necessitam permanecer na posição de dependente do outro ou de algo, forma com que ele consegue vincular-se ao longo da vida. Buscando entender essa forma de vinculação, objetivamos compreender, a partir das contribuições de Freud, de Lacan e de teóricos que podem acrescentar de forma significativa, a relação de dependência entre sujeito e objeto. Primeiramente, procedemos a uma reflexão das noções de sujeito e de objeto segundo a psicanálise, na perspectiva de Freud e Lacan, fazendo um recorte no contexto da paixão e da droga. Distinguimos o objeto de desejo, do objeto de necessidade e do objeto de dependência. Em seguida, discutimos a questão do vínculo patológico, articulando-o com a relação de dependência. Fizemos ainda algumas aproximações de teóricos do vínculo com a noção de relação de objeto conforme Lacan. Entendemos que, subjacente ao vínculo patológico, encontra- se uma relação de dependência. Finalizando, falamos de um vínculo que se estabelece entre sujeito e objeto no sentido de dependência, que deve ser entendida como relativa a determinados comportamentos caracterizados pelo abuso e pelo excesso, essa relação passa a se configurar numa patologia pela intensidade e preponderância, independente das características desse objeto. A dependência ao objeto escolhido leva o sujeito à servidão. Submeter-se a qualquer coisa para não perder é a regra do sujeito que apresenta uma estrutura aditiva. Logo, a conseqüência marcante é a perpetuação da situação de dependência em relação ao outro, negando-se o princípio básico da alteridade / The world where we live in is presenting overwhelming changes and some transformations also occur in the psychoanalytical clinic which appears with new forms of symptoms. When the man is born he needs someone in order to survive. Some of them needs to continue in this situation of dependency on somebody or something else and only this way he can links throughout life. Based on Freud and Lacans theories we try to understand this kind of linking that can contribute with significant form the relation of dependency between person and object. First of all we make some reflections about notion of person and object according to Freud and Lacans psychoanalysis making a clipping in the context of passion and drug. One distinguishes the object from desire, the object of necessity and the object of dependency. After that, we discuss the question of the pathological bond articulating it with a relation of dependency. We approached still some theorists with the link with a notion of object relation according to Lacan. We understand that under the pathological link one can find the relation of dependency. At last, we talked about the bond which is related between the subject and object in the sense of dependency which must be understood as related to a certain behavior characterized by abuse and excess and a relation between person and object becomes pathology due to intensity and preponderance independent from the characteristics of the subject. The dependence to the chosen object induces the person to the bondage. The person submits to anything in order to avoid loosing something and that is a rule for a person that presents an additive structure. So, the remarkable consequence is the perpetuation of a dependency situation in relation to somebody, denying the basic principle of becoming a subject

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 antonieta silva.pdf: 574769 bytes, checksum: a44ea9c897e182f2065c63e59e8d9832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-09-16 / The world where we live in is presenting overwhelming changes and some transformations also occur in the psychoanalytical clinic which appears with new forms of symptoms. When the man is born he needs someone in order to survive. Some of them needs to continue in this situation of dependency on somebody or something else and only this way he can links throughout life. Based on Freud and Lacan´s theories we try to understand this kind of linking that can contribute with significant form the relation of dependency between person and object. First of all we make some reflections about notion of person and object according to Freud and Lacan´s psychoanalysis making a clipping in the context of passion and drug. One distinguishes the object from desire, the object of necessity and the object of dependency. After that, we discuss the question of the pathological bond articulating it with a relation of dependency. We approached still some theorists with the link with a notion of object relation according to Lacan. We understand that under the pathological link one can find the relation of dependency. At last, we talked about the bond which is related between the subject and object in the sense of dependency which must be understood as related to a certain behavior characterized by abuse and excess and a relation between person and object becomes pathology due to intensity and preponderance independent from the characteristics of the subject. The dependence to the chosen object induces the person to the bondage. The person submits to anything in order to avoid loosing something and that is a rule for a person that presents an additive structure. So, the remarkable consequence is the perpetuation of a dependency situation in relation to somebody, denying the basic principle of becoming a subject / O mundo onde vivemos vem apresentando mudanças avassaladoras e, evidentemente, transformações também ocorrem na clínica psicanalítica, que se depara com novas formas dos sintomas. O homem, ao nascer, depende de alguém para continuar vivendo, o que confere a ele a característica de um desamparo fundamental, no qual necessita do suporte do outro para sua sobrevivência. Alguns necessitam permanecer na posição de dependente do outro ou de algo, forma com que ele consegue vincular-se ao longo da vida. Buscando entender essa forma de vinculação, objetivamos compreender, a partir das contribuições de Freud, de Lacan e de teóricos que podem acrescentar de forma significativa, a relação de dependência entre sujeito e objeto. Primeiramente, procedemos a uma reflexão das noções de sujeito e de objeto segundo a psicanálise, na perspectiva de Freud e Lacan, fazendo um recorte no contexto da paixão e da droga. Distinguimos o objeto de desejo, do objeto de necessidade e do objeto de dependência. Em seguida, discutimos a questão do vínculo patológico, articulando-o com a relação de dependência. Fizemos ainda algumas aproximações de teóricos do vínculo com a noção de relação de objeto conforme Lacan. Entendemos que, subjacente ao vínculo patológico, encontra- se uma relação de dependência. Finalizando, falamos de um vínculo que se estabelece entre sujeito e objeto no sentido de dependência, que deve ser entendida como relativa a determinados comportamentos caracterizados pelo abuso e pelo excesso, essa relação passa a se configurar numa patologia pela intensidade e preponderância, independente das características desse objeto. A dependência ao objeto escolhido leva o sujeito à servidão. Submeter-se a qualquer coisa para não perder é a regra do sujeito que apresenta uma estrutura aditiva. Logo, a conseqüência marcante é a perpetuação da situação de dependência em relação ao outro, negando-se o princípio básico da alteridade

Abstract not available