An 80 Probestellen im Flusssystem der Vereinigten Mulde zwischen Trebsen/Sachsen und der Landesgrenze zu Sachsen-Anhalt wurden in den Untersuchungsjahren 2007 und 2008 insgesamt 157 lebende Muscheln und zahlreiche Schalenreste gefunden. Unter den Großmuschelarten fand sich am häufigsten die Malermuschel. Weiterhin gelang der Fund der Gewöhnlichen Teichmuschel und der Schwanenmuschel. Erstmals wurde auch die in Sachsen vom Aussterben bedrohte Große Flussmuschel (Unio tumidus) gefunden. Wasseruntersuchungen zeigten, dass die Gewässer einen ausreichenden Sauerstoffgehalt aufweisen und als Lebensraum für Großmuscheln und andere Wassertiere gut geeignet sind. Muscheln und andere Weichtiere bilden eine nicht ersetzbare Artengruppe in den Seen und Flüssen und tragen als Filtrierer wesentlich zur Qualität von Gewässern bei. Sie sind daher wichtige Bioindikatoren für den Erhaltungszustand von Fließgewässern. 73 Prozent der in sächsischen Gewässern vorkommenden Muschelarten sind in ihrem Bestand gefährdet oder sogar ausgestorben (vgl. Rote Liste Mollusken Sachsens, SCHNIEBS et al. 2006).

Rot- und Braunalgen gelten als Indikatorarten für die Gewässergüte. Durch die Abnahme vorrangig der saprobiellen Belastung der Gewässer in Sachsen nach 1990 hat sich ihre Bestandssituation allgemein verbessert. Dennoch sind fast drei Viertel der 17 in Sachsen vorkommenden Rot- und Braunalgenarten als ausgestorben oder gefährdet einzuschätzen. Die Rote Liste enthält eine Checkliste, Verbreitungskarten und gibt einen Überblick über die Gefährdungssituation der einzelnen Arten.

The network Natura 2000 represents a system of nature protection areas, which were established to protect and conserve European biodiversity of wild fauna and flora. This master thesis copes with the legal aspects of implementing European directives in relation with the Natura 2000 network into the national legal systems. A comparison was made between two EU-member states, the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. The master thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. In the chapter 1, the subject and aims of the thesis are explained, as well as the brief history of nature conservation. Development of nature conservation in International and European law is introduced in the chapter 2. The chapter 3 focuses on legal basis of Natura 2000 regulations on European law level. Essential parts of the master thesis are the chapters 4, 5 and 6, which describe how the network was established through site designation, how the protection and site management is ensured and what assessment of plans and projects means. The law system of Saxony was chosen as an example to display some partial distinctions between the federal law level and the federal state law level in Germany. The chapter 7 consists of the conclusion and comparison between the legal regulations...

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1 Abstract Legal Regime of National Parks in the Czech Republic and the Kingdom of Spain National parks as traditional instruments of in situ nature protection, which ensure the protection of the most valuable natural values of the state, have long been a socially debated topic that deserves repeated attention. The fact that this is a current and fundamental issue is proved by the fact that both legal regulations examined in this thesis have undergone extensive changes. The Czech regulation of national parks was amended completely in 2017 and the Kingdom of Spain adopted a new law on national parks in 2014, also in response to a long-standing dispute between the autonomous regions and the central government over jurisdiction over specially protected areas. The aim of this work is to present and analyze the basic legal concept of national parks in the Kingdom of Spain and the Czech Republic, sources of legislation, tools used for nature protection, their anchoring in legislation and institutions related to the administration of national parks. Based on the performed analysis, a comparison of individual institutes is performed, their identical and different elements are evaluated and some changes de lege ferenda are proposed. This thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter describes the...

There is a vision in the EU for a transition to a low carbon society, including a carbon-neutral energy system, containing a high share of renewable energy. However, this vision is not isolated from other political goals, such as halting the loss of biodiversity by 2020. Both of these goals are accompanied by EU legislation promoting their respective aims. One of the central challenges, in light of this transition, is the very nature of the legal system – that it is rather fragmented – both regarding the substantive law applicable to renewable energy activities and the legal processes that renewable energy activities face. The aim is therefore to discuss certain challenges arising from the fragmented legal system applicable to renewable energy activities. The dissertation is based on EU and Swedish law. First, I investigate the EU’s competence in the field of renewable energy and address how such policy may better reflect the protection of biodiversity. Thereafter, in a Swedish context, I analyse the relationship between protection of biodiversity and promotion of renewable energy. Finally, I address the problems arising from the fragmented legal procedures of renewable energy activities, with the main example of wind power installations and new transmission lines. In general, this study suggests that the current system lacks consistency between renewable energy and nature protection legislation and there is a coordination problem with regards to the permit processes of the development of renewable energy activities. These conclusions point towards a need for a broader perspective on the development of renewable energy activities, which could include: a more integrated planning system for renewable energy activities; exploring the use of derogation rules from the Water Framework Directive; and a more integrated EU renewable energy policy with specific sustainability criteria.

People's views towards national parks have been reshaped since the designation of Yellowstone, the first national park in the world. Faced with the necessity to protect nature, on the one hand, and the lack of financial and human resources, on the other, national park administrations are forced to find creative ways to improve local resident participation in park management. Thus, determining the factors responsible for the changes in people's perceptions and attitudes has become one of the priority activities in the creation and implementation of the management strategies in national parks. This research investigates the local residents' perception of, and attitudes towards, nature protection and local development in two national parks: Pelister National Park in Macedonia and Šumava National Park in the Czech Republic. It analyses the significance of the residents' place attachment as a factor in creation of their attitudes and perceptions. The study supplements previous similar research carried on in these two parks and as such explores potential trends and changes in their management practices, especially the issues related to residents' involvement. Data are collected with the aid of a standardised questionnaire undertaken in two years in each park. The strength of people's connections to, or...

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis of legal instruments regarding the restriction of the ownership of real property arising out of the protection of nature and landscape. This diploma thesis is divided into 7 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The second chapter deals with the constitutional origin of the respective legal institutes. The third chapter deals with the conflict of the fundamental rights. The fourth chapter provides for the fundamental institutes, their basic components, and their legal basis in private and public law. The fifth chapter is concerned with the particular restrictions of the ownership of real property as stipulated by relevant legal regulations. This chapter is divided into the analysis of the act no. 114/1992 Coll. in general and the analysis of the general and special protection of nature and Natura 2000 and provides examples of the respective legal institutes. The sixth chapter defines the restriction of the ownership rights arising out of other acts. The conclusion is concerned with the comparison of the aforementioned legal institutes and the evaluation of the particular features thereof. The conclusion also provides proposals for prospective changes in the relevant legislation.

The aim of the diploma thesis is the analysis and comparison of the elementary legal instruments of territorial nature protection in the Czech Republic and the Federal Republic of Germany. This diploma thesis is divided into 8 chapters including the introduction and the conclusion. The second and the third chapter deal with the most important sources of legal regulation of the territorial nature protection in both international law and law of the European Union and emphasises their influence on the creation of legal regulations of national law. The fourth chapter is concerned with the historical development of the territorial nature protection in both countries in question and focuses mainly on the development of legal regulations since the 30's. The fifth chapter provides an elementary overview of the legal sources of the territorial nature protection in national law. The sixth and the seventh chapter deal with general and special nature protection respectively and provide comparison of the respective legal institutes. The conclusion is concerned with the comparison and the evaluation of common and different features of Czech and German legal regulations and provides proposals for constituent changes of the provisions in question.

The diploma thesis deals with legal regime of practicing tourism and sports in specially protected areas of the Czech Republic. Specially protected areas are areas with stricter protection regime of nature on specific accurately assessed flat territory. The thesis is composed of five chapters dealing with mutual relationship between sports and environmental protection, general definition of law of specially protected areas of the Czech Republic with a focus on protection tools and sports and tourism activities. Last two chapters are devoted to the pursuit of climbing in the Protected Landscape Area Jizerské hory and the National Park České Švýcarsko. The aim of the thesis is to summarize and to assess the existing legal regulation and to identify of problematic issues. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)