The subject of this master thesis is the tradition of creating human - made water springs and caring for them in the research area of protected landscape areas Kysuce (in Slovakia) and Beskydy (in Czech Republic). Both areas are characterized by the occurrence of numerous natural springs of water. People from both places have been enhancing surroundings of these springs for a long time. The creation and care of these objects have become over time a form of tradition, coupled with respect for water and nature as a whole. The aim of the thesis is to identify the shift in this tradition and what it signalizes to people. It is also about bringing the context of changes in traditions with global climate change and with changes in the human relationship and management of landscape. In order to analyze this problem, the methods characteristic for the qualitative type of research were used, such as interviews and observation, which were subsequently evaluated by means of a framework analysis. The work is a kind of microetnographic study that deals with a close group of people who are carying for such water springs in mentioned research areas. Key words: water springs, landscape memory, invention of tradition, global climate change, nature protection, thick description, Beskydy, Kysuce

A presente pesquisa visa a construir uma biografia histórica de Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896-1963), um dos mais importantes agentes da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, antes da constituição de movimentos ecologistas no Estado. O trabalho se desdobra em dois eixos, a trajetória de Roessler e a memória construída sobre ele. No eixo da trajetória, tenho como objetivo, a partir da análise de sua produção oral e escrita, bem como de suas estratégias de atuação, acessar, além dos meandros de seu projeto pessoal, uma dimensão mais ampla, a saber, as ideias e práticas da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos 1930-60. Enfoco também os elementos que possibilitaram a construção de uma memória que o situou como precursor do movimento ambientalista/ecologista no Estado, através de suportes escritos e da construção de lugares de memória. Examino elementos da vida pessoal de Roessler, assim como das duas principais fases em que se divide sua atuação em prol da natureza para compreender como seu projeto se desenvolveu no campo de possibilidades a que pertenceu. Esse projeto recebeu apoio, através da rede de relações de Roessler, mas também foi alvo de fortes resistências. Analiso a fiscalização florestal e da caça e pesca no Estado, comandada por ele como Delegado Florestal Regional, e os conflitos originados dessa fiscalização. A pesquisa trata a criação (1955) e o funcionamento da União Protetora da Natureza (UPN), onde Roessler desenvolveu um importante trabalho de educação ambiental. Analiso também as ideias presentes em seus textos (crônicas jornalísticas), palestras e nos cartazes educativos distribuídos pela UPN, com destaque para sua concepção de natureza, articulada a partir de um discurso nacionalista, educativo e sacralizante. Por fim, enfoco a construção das memórias sobre Roessler: ele mesmo já operava uma construção de si como “pioneiro do Serviço Florestal”, que é transformada por diversos agentes, após sua morte, em “pioneiro da ecologia” no Rio Grande do Sul. / This research aims to construct a historical biography of Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896- 1963), one of the most relevant agents for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul, before the emergence of environmentalist movements in the State. This work opens into two lines: Roessler’s trajectory and memories on him. As for his trajectory, I will analyze his oral and written works and his strategies for action, in order to gain access to his personal project and a broader dimension of his ideas and practices for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul from 1930 to 1960. I will also focus the elements which enabled the building of records which made him a pioneer of environmental movement in the State, through written reports and the building of places of memory. His personal life facts, as well as his two main periods of action in favor of nature will be explored in order to understand how his project was developed in its possibilities. This project was supported by Roessler’s relations, but also found resistances. Forest control and hunting and fishing surveillance in the State, conducted by Roessler as a Regional Forest Officer, and the conflicts caused by this surveillance, will be analyzed as well. This research deals with creation (1955) and operation of Union for Nature Protection (UPN), where Roessler made an important work for environmental education. His ideas, lectures and posters distributed by UPN will be analyzed, as well as his idea of nature through a nationalist, instructional and sacred discourse. Finally, the memories on Roessler will be focused: he had already made his construction of himself as a “pioneer in Forest Service”, which became “ecology pioneer” in Rio Grande do Sul, after his death.

A presente pesquisa visa a construir uma biografia histórica de Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896-1963), um dos mais importantes agentes da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, antes da constituição de movimentos ecologistas no Estado. O trabalho se desdobra em dois eixos, a trajetória de Roessler e a memória construída sobre ele. No eixo da trajetória, tenho como objetivo, a partir da análise de sua produção oral e escrita, bem como de suas estratégias de atuação, acessar, além dos meandros de seu projeto pessoal, uma dimensão mais ampla, a saber, as ideias e práticas da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos 1930-60. Enfoco também os elementos que possibilitaram a construção de uma memória que o situou como precursor do movimento ambientalista/ecologista no Estado, através de suportes escritos e da construção de lugares de memória. Examino elementos da vida pessoal de Roessler, assim como das duas principais fases em que se divide sua atuação em prol da natureza para compreender como seu projeto se desenvolveu no campo de possibilidades a que pertenceu. Esse projeto recebeu apoio, através da rede de relações de Roessler, mas também foi alvo de fortes resistências. Analiso a fiscalização florestal e da caça e pesca no Estado, comandada por ele como Delegado Florestal Regional, e os conflitos originados dessa fiscalização. A pesquisa trata a criação (1955) e o funcionamento da União Protetora da Natureza (UPN), onde Roessler desenvolveu um importante trabalho de educação ambiental. Analiso também as ideias presentes em seus textos (crônicas jornalísticas), palestras e nos cartazes educativos distribuídos pela UPN, com destaque para sua concepção de natureza, articulada a partir de um discurso nacionalista, educativo e sacralizante. Por fim, enfoco a construção das memórias sobre Roessler: ele mesmo já operava uma construção de si como “pioneiro do Serviço Florestal”, que é transformada por diversos agentes, após sua morte, em “pioneiro da ecologia” no Rio Grande do Sul. / This research aims to construct a historical biography of Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896- 1963), one of the most relevant agents for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul, before the emergence of environmentalist movements in the State. This work opens into two lines: Roessler’s trajectory and memories on him. As for his trajectory, I will analyze his oral and written works and his strategies for action, in order to gain access to his personal project and a broader dimension of his ideas and practices for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul from 1930 to 1960. I will also focus the elements which enabled the building of records which made him a pioneer of environmental movement in the State, through written reports and the building of places of memory. His personal life facts, as well as his two main periods of action in favor of nature will be explored in order to understand how his project was developed in its possibilities. This project was supported by Roessler’s relations, but also found resistances. Forest control and hunting and fishing surveillance in the State, conducted by Roessler as a Regional Forest Officer, and the conflicts caused by this surveillance, will be analyzed as well. This research deals with creation (1955) and operation of Union for Nature Protection (UPN), where Roessler made an important work for environmental education. His ideas, lectures and posters distributed by UPN will be analyzed, as well as his idea of nature through a nationalist, instructional and sacred discourse. Finally, the memories on Roessler will be focused: he had already made his construction of himself as a “pioneer in Forest Service”, which became “ecology pioneer” in Rio Grande do Sul, after his death.

A presente pesquisa visa a construir uma biografia histórica de Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896-1963), um dos mais importantes agentes da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, antes da constituição de movimentos ecologistas no Estado. O trabalho se desdobra em dois eixos, a trajetória de Roessler e a memória construída sobre ele. No eixo da trajetória, tenho como objetivo, a partir da análise de sua produção oral e escrita, bem como de suas estratégias de atuação, acessar, além dos meandros de seu projeto pessoal, uma dimensão mais ampla, a saber, as ideias e práticas da proteção à natureza no Rio Grande do Sul, nos anos 1930-60. Enfoco também os elementos que possibilitaram a construção de uma memória que o situou como precursor do movimento ambientalista/ecologista no Estado, através de suportes escritos e da construção de lugares de memória. Examino elementos da vida pessoal de Roessler, assim como das duas principais fases em que se divide sua atuação em prol da natureza para compreender como seu projeto se desenvolveu no campo de possibilidades a que pertenceu. Esse projeto recebeu apoio, através da rede de relações de Roessler, mas também foi alvo de fortes resistências. Analiso a fiscalização florestal e da caça e pesca no Estado, comandada por ele como Delegado Florestal Regional, e os conflitos originados dessa fiscalização. A pesquisa trata a criação (1955) e o funcionamento da União Protetora da Natureza (UPN), onde Roessler desenvolveu um importante trabalho de educação ambiental. Analiso também as ideias presentes em seus textos (crônicas jornalísticas), palestras e nos cartazes educativos distribuídos pela UPN, com destaque para sua concepção de natureza, articulada a partir de um discurso nacionalista, educativo e sacralizante. Por fim, enfoco a construção das memórias sobre Roessler: ele mesmo já operava uma construção de si como “pioneiro do Serviço Florestal”, que é transformada por diversos agentes, após sua morte, em “pioneiro da ecologia” no Rio Grande do Sul. / This research aims to construct a historical biography of Henrique Luiz Roessler (1896- 1963), one of the most relevant agents for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul, before the emergence of environmentalist movements in the State. This work opens into two lines: Roessler’s trajectory and memories on him. As for his trajectory, I will analyze his oral and written works and his strategies for action, in order to gain access to his personal project and a broader dimension of his ideas and practices for nature protection in Rio Grande do Sul from 1930 to 1960. I will also focus the elements which enabled the building of records which made him a pioneer of environmental movement in the State, through written reports and the building of places of memory. His personal life facts, as well as his two main periods of action in favor of nature will be explored in order to understand how his project was developed in its possibilities. This project was supported by Roessler’s relations, but also found resistances. Forest control and hunting and fishing surveillance in the State, conducted by Roessler as a Regional Forest Officer, and the conflicts caused by this surveillance, will be analyzed as well. This research deals with creation (1955) and operation of Union for Nature Protection (UPN), where Roessler made an important work for environmental education. His ideas, lectures and posters distributed by UPN will be analyzed, as well as his idea of nature through a nationalist, instructional and sacred discourse. Finally, the memories on Roessler will be focused: he had already made his construction of himself as a “pioneer in Forest Service”, which became “ecology pioneer” in Rio Grande do Sul, after his death.

No description available.

This thesis comprehensively analyse the issue of legal protection of inanimate nature. The thesis analyses the legal protection of inanimate nature only by Czech law and the primary source of this thesis is the Act No 114/1992 Coll., on the Protection of Nature and Landscape. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of thesis focuses on the specific legal protection of particular elements of inanimate nature in the Czech Republic, such as caves, paleontological resources and mineral resources. In this part, thesis analysis how these elements are protected by the law and how effective this protection is in practice. The second part of thesis focuses on territorial protection legal tools in the context of inanimate nature protection in terms of both general and special legal tools. It analysis legal protection of significant landscape elements and landscape character as well as inanimate nature protection through regulation of specially protected areas including Natura 2000 European protected areas. In this context the attention is also paid to protection of inanimate nature elements as protected habitats of animals and plants and their importance for the conservation of biodiversity. In addition to the comprehensive analysis of legal protection of inanimate nature in the Czech Republic...

This thesis focuses on the issue of the development of the Šumava National Park, which is in the long-term determined by external political and social circumstances. In terms of the local development there are defined key actors whose activities and level of their cooperation affects the quality of social capital, which influences the character of horizontal and vertical social networks. An important aspect of the social-economic development of the case study area is the relationship between local municipalities and the Šumava National park management, whose activities are regulated by specific laws. Based on field survey of representatives of local development we identified key factors forming this relationship and affecting the social development of the protected area. Key words: local development, social networks, social capital, local development actors, inter- municipal cooperation, nature protection, the Šumava National Park

Ziel der Arbeit war die Beurteilung der räumlichen Verteilung und Struktur von Feldhecken hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung für Hochwasser- und Naturschutz, sowie die Analyse von agrarökonomischen Faktoren, welche die Anlage von Hecken fördern beziehungsweise behindern. Folgende Fragen standen bei den Untersuchungen im Mittelpunkt: Wie muss eine Hecke sowohl aus naturschutzfachlicher als auch hydrologischer Sicht aufgebaut sein, um eine optimale Wirkung zu erzielen, und wie müssen die Rahmenbedingungen für Landwirte aussehen, damit Heckenstrukturen nicht nur erhalten, sondern auch neu angelegt werden können? Um diese komplexen Fragen zu beantworten, wurden verschiedene methodische Ansätze zur Analyse ökologischer, hydrologischer und entscheidungsbildender Prozesse gewählt. Um die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Skalenarten (ordinal / kardinal) zu vergleichen und dabei aus verschiedenen Optionen eine für alle Ziele optimale Vorzugsvariante zu ermitteln, wurde am Ende eine Nutzwertanalyse durchgeführt. / There were two main purposes of the study; the evaluation of the spatial distribution and structural patterns of hedgerows in regard to their impact on flood prevention and nature conservation, and the investigation of factors facilitating or constraining the establishment of hedgerows. On the basis of this assessment, knowledge based recommendations were developed for the facilitation of hedgerows in agricultural landscapes in mountainous areas such as the Erzgebirge. The following questions were the main focus of the investigation: how should a hedgerow be composed to obtain the optimal effect from the nature conservation as well as the flood prevention point of view, and how should the general requirements for farmers be constructed so that hedgerows are not only maintained but also newly established. To answer these complex questions different methodologies were applied for analysing ecological, hydrological and decision-forming processes. In order to compare the results and hedgerow alternatives to determine the optimal choice, a value-benefit analysis was performed.

Ziel der Arbeit war die Beurteilung der räumlichen Verteilung und Struktur von Feldhecken hinsichtlich ihrer Wirkung für Hochwasser- und Naturschutz, sowie die Analyse von agrarökonomischen Faktoren, welche die Anlage von Hecken fördern beziehungsweise behindern. Folgende Fragen standen bei den Untersuchungen im Mittelpunkt: Wie muss eine Hecke sowohl aus naturschutzfachlicher als auch hydrologischer Sicht aufgebaut sein, um eine optimale Wirkung zu erzielen, und wie müssen die Rahmenbedingungen für Landwirte aussehen, damit Heckenstrukturen nicht nur erhalten, sondern auch neu angelegt werden können? Um diese komplexen Fragen zu beantworten, wurden verschiedene methodische Ansätze zur Analyse ökologischer, hydrologischer und entscheidungsbildender Prozesse gewählt. Um die Ergebnisse der verschiedenen Skalenarten (ordinal / kardinal) zu vergleichen und dabei aus verschiedenen Optionen eine für alle Ziele optimale Vorzugsvariante zu ermitteln, wurde am Ende eine Nutzwertanalyse durchgeführt. / There were two main purposes of the study; the evaluation of the spatial distribution and structural patterns of hedgerows in regard to their impact on flood prevention and nature conservation, and the investigation of factors facilitating or constraining the establishment of hedgerows. On the basis of this assessment, knowledge based recommendations were developed for the facilitation of hedgerows in agricultural landscapes in mountainous areas such as the Erzgebirge. The following questions were the main focus of the investigation: how should a hedgerow be composed to obtain the optimal effect from the nature conservation as well as the flood prevention point of view, and how should the general requirements for farmers be constructed so that hedgerows are not only maintained but also newly established. To answer these complex questions different methodologies were applied for analysing ecological, hydrological and decision-forming processes. In order to compare the results and hedgerow alternatives to determine the optimal choice, a value-benefit analysis was performed.

Mit der zunehmend künstlichen Gestaltung des menschlichen Lebensumfeldes verstärkt sich das Bedürfnis nach Aufenthalt in der Natur. Freizeit und Erholung sind dabei zunehmend von einem Drang nach Selbsterfahrung und Selbstverwirklichung geprägt. Freigabe und Genuß rücken zunehmend an die Stelle fester Formen und Regeln. In diesem Zeichen steht auch die Entwicklung immer neuer Trend- und Outdoorsportarten. Die Vielfalt der Sportarten und die stärkere Frequentierung führen zu einer stärkeren Belastung naturnaher Gebiete. Im Gegenzug schwinden weiterhin natürliche Lebensräume und mit ihren Tier- und Pflanzenarten. Noch naturnah verbliebene Lebensräume erhalten daher eine besondere Bedeutung für den Schutz von Natur und Landschaft. Gleichzeitig konzentrieren sich auf diese Freiräume Freizeit- und Erholungsaktivitäten. Sämtliche Natursportarten, einschließlich des Klettersports müssen sich daher in das Spannungsfeld von verstärkter Nutzungsintensität und begrenztem Platzangebot einordnen. Seit der Gründung des gleichnamigen Nationalparkes 1990 steht auch die Sächsische Schweiz verstärkt im Spannungsfeld von Naturschutz und Erholungsnutzung. Das landschaftlich eindrucksvolle Gebiet ist Rückzugsraum von Flora und Fauna, darunter einiger bedrohter Tier- und Pflanzenarten. Gleichzeitig gehört es zu den ältesten und bekanntesten Mittelgebirgsklettergebieten der Welt. Sowohl Bergsport als auch Naturschutz stellen Raumansprüche an die Sächsische Schweiz - Raumansprüche, die sich in ihrer Wirkungsweise wechselseitig beeinflussen. Insbesondere die bergsportliche Inanspruchnahme des Naturraumes führt zu einem raumbezogenen Nutzungskonflikt. Zur Betrachtung und Bearbeitung dieses Konfliktes ist die Geographie mit ihrer integrativen Betrachtungsweise der Landschaft als Wirkungsgefüge aus physischen, biotischen und anthropogenen Sachverhalten bevorzugt geeignet. Ziel des Nationalparkes ist es, die in Europa einmaligen naturräumlichen Eigenarten und die artenreiche Tier- und Pflanzenwelt zu bewahren sowie den ungestörten Ablauf der Naturvorgänge zu gewährleisten. Dazu ist eine Beruhigung der Lebensräume notwendig. Der Bergsport als touristische Erholungsnutzung hingegen strebt eine möglichst beschränkungsfreie Ausübung des Sports oder aber zumindest den Erhalt des Kletterns in seinem bisherigen Umfang an. Freies, uneingeschränktes Klettern in der Natur ist jedoch nur so lange möglich, wie es die Belastungsgrenzen des betreffenden Ökosystems nicht überschreitet. Da es sich bei Klettergebieten in der Regel um relativ naturnahe Räume und Rückzugsgebiete von Flora und Fauna handelt, werden hier oft schon frühzeitig Maßnahmen zum Schutz derselben eingeleitet. Dazu gehören räumliche und zeitliche Zutrittsbeschränkungen. Eine Alternative zu Sperrungen stellt die Aufstellung von Klettergebietskonzeptionen dar, die sowohl die Belange des Bergsports als auch des Naturschutzes berücksichtigen. In der Sächsischen Schweiz werden zwischen Nationalparkverwaltung und Sächsischem Bergsteigerbund seit 1996 Verhandlungen über eine Bergsportkonzeption geführt, welche die Grundlage für die zukünftige bergsportliche Nutzung des Nationalparkes darstellt. Daneben enthalten die Sächsischen Kletterregeln differenzierte Gebote für eine möglichst naturschonende Ausübung des Bergsports. Die Akzeptanz der behördlichen Einschränkungen im Rahmen der Bergsportkonzeption sowie die Einhaltung der traditionellen Sächsischen Kletterregeln sind Voraussetzung für eine Erhaltung des Klettersports in der Sächsischen Schweiz. Dazu sind Information und Weiterbildung der aktiven Kletterer notwendig. Umweltbildung als Instrument des vorsorgenden Naturschutzes kann dabei im Sinne einer verstehenden Lösungsstrategie zu freiwilligen Verhaltensänderungen und Verständnis von Zusammenhängen beitragen. Während der Arbeit erhobene Daten belegen, daß in die Kletterausbildung bereits naturschutzrelevante Themen einfließen. Allerdings existiert bisher kein umfassendes Lehrmaterial zum Thema Bergsport und Naturschutz in der Sächsischen Schweiz. Daraus resultiert möglicherweise der vielfach geäußerte Wunsch nach zusammenfassenden Informationsmaterialien. Diesem Anliegen könnte ein Umweltbildungsprogramm Bergsport und Naturschutz in der Sächsischen Schweiz gerecht werden. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde ein solches Umweltbildungsprogramm erarbeitet. Es setzt die naturräumlichen Gegebenheiten der Sächsischen Schweiz zur Art der bergsportlichen Inanspruchnahme in Beziehung, zeigt Grundlagen von Geboten der Sächsischen Kletterregeln auf und erläutert behördliche Regelungen. Einsatzfähig könnte dieses Bildungsprogramm zukünftig in der Kletterausbildung sein.