Researchers have learned much about how sighted individuals seek information on Web sites - for example, users follow "information scent" as they move from page to page, and individual differences may impact successful information seeking on the Web. While it is possible that individuals with disabilities, especially those with severe visual impairments, perform information-seeking activities in a similar manner, little is known about how individuals who use screen readers to navigate actually seek information on the Web. In this study, we used both qualitative and quantitative measures to investigate the Web navigation techniques of four screen-reader users and how a user’s experience affects these navigation techniques and his or her ability to successfully complete an information-finding task. We compared metrics for between-page and within-page navigation to studies of sighted users. We also considered how a Web site’s compliance with Section 508 guidelines affects the overall information-finding experience of a visually-impaired individual. We discovered that among the four individuals in this study, user experience was not necessarily indicative of a successful information-finding experience. As individuals, the participants' navigation techniques varied widely; as a group, they generally searched more frequently and used the back button less frequently than has been reported for sighted individuals. Screen-reader users in this study followed a more flimsy, linear navigation style and generally used scrolling actions rather than searching actions. When using a Web site that has a Section 508 compliant home page, we found that the screen-reader users in this study completed information-finding tasks significantly more quickly, used significantly fewer actions, and reported a more satisfying information-finding experience. They were also more successful at finding the information goal and encountered fewer impasses. Using both quantitative and qualitative measures was critical in this study. The quantitative metrics allowed us to compare values and the qualitative data provided additional insight into individual differences as well as allowing a deeper understanding of the quantitative data. The information from this study contributes to the growing body of research knowledge about screen-reader users. It also contributes a new understanding of screen-reader users that can be used by the worldwide community of Web developers, designers, and users. / text

This thesis examined how virtual reality could be used in interior design. The thesis was limited to virtual reality experienced using a head mounted display. The Method was to integrate virtual reality into an existing interior design software called CET Designer. After investigating the available commercial virtual reality hardware and software Oculus SDK and OpenVR was chosen. Unity 3D was used as a prototyping tool for experimenting with different interaction and navigation methods. An user study with 14 participants was performed. It compared four different navigation methods. First person shooter style controls using a gamepad was proven to be the best one. It can also be concluded that having a bad navigation style could decreased the user experience in virtual reality and cause motion sickness.

Indoor navigation has always been an interesting topic to look at since there are many use of it for example in airports, huge malls and underground transport stations. One interesting application area is the underground transportation since the current navigation in the underground stations in Sweden is proven to be insufficient to guide the user from the underground station to the final destination. GPS is a prominent solution for the outdoor navigation but no prominent solution has been found for the indoor navigation. Techniques used for navigation indoors vary depending on the infrastructure of the building. Therefore, this paper looks at the different indoor navigation techniques categorized based on a smartphone's sensors and find the techniques most suitable in implementing for the existing SL underground stations. The underground station is divided into two parts, the platform and the second floor. A combination of kinematic and visual navigation techniques is efficient to implement in the platform due to the environment of the platform. Wireless navigation is suitable to implement in the second floor due to the availability of WiFi access points in the second floor of the underground station. Those findings help in setting up an efficient navigation for the SL underground stations, which help in navigating users from one point to another. / Inomhusnavigering har alltid varit ett intressant ämne att titta på, eftersom det finns stor användning av det till exempel i flygplatser, stora gallerior och tunnelbanestationer. Ett intressant tillämpningsomrade är den underjordiska transporten, eftersom den nuvarande navigeringen i tunnelbanestationerna i Sverige visar sig vara otillracklig for att navigera en resenär fran tunnelbanestationen till slutdestinationen. GPS ar en framträdande lösning för utomhusnavigeringen men ingen framstående losning har hittats för inomhusnavigeringen. Tekniker som används för navigering inomhus varierar beroende på byggnadens infrastruktur. Därfor studerar denna rapport på de olika inomhusnavigeringsteknikerna som kategoriseras baserat på en smartphones sensorer och hittar de tekniker som är mest passande för att genomföra för de befintliga SL-tunnelbanestationerna. Tunnelbanestationen är uppdelad i två delar, plattformen och andra våningen. En kombination av kinematisk och visuell navigeringsteknik är effektiv att implementera i plattformen på grund av plattformens miljö. Trådlös navigering är lamplig att genomföra i andra våningen på grund av tillgangen till WiFi-åtkomstpunkter i andra våningen av tunnelbanestationen. Det resultatet hjälper till att skapa en effektiv navigering för SL-tunnelbanestationerna, vilket hjälper till att navigera användare från en punkt till en annan.