The goal of this thesis is to describe and explain the process of comeback of the Czechoslovakian trademarks and products from the time of socialism. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. The beginning of the theoretical part focuses on the genral introduction of the "ostalgia", including the brief description of the process of "ostalgia" in other countraies of the former Eastern Block. Another part of this thesis focuses on the reasons why today´s population of Czech republic tends to these nostalgic memories. What´s the reason of the comeback of trademarks like Kofola, céčka, botas etc. Why do people tend to these old trademarks and if it is somehow connected with people´s wish to get the time and way of living in socialism back. Or if this is just the regular nostalgia or the real "ostalgia"? The practical part of my thesis consists of the questionnaire regarding the "ostalgia", the fact hbow the middle generation remembers their youth in the socialism, how they feel about the comeback of the old trademarks or if there´s some more former trademarks they wish to come back. The questionnaire was also presented to a young generation to be able to compare the different opinions of two generations. The final part of the thesis consists of the analysis of the questionnaire and its results.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:06:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7711_1.pdf: 2809904 bytes, checksum: 1c5e8f6bdfe07eb9cebbbc0c5c9682c1 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Através de cálculos ab initio Hartree-Fock e com base na teoria do funcional densidade, esta dissertação consiste em um estudo teórico sobre os efeitos do campo elétrico na estrutura eletrônica de um sistema molecular do tipo doador - ponte saturada - aceitador, como parte de uma avaliação mais completa de moléculas que possam servir como dispositivos retificadores moleculares. O sistema analisado foi a 2-amino-5-(3-mercapto-5-nitrobenzil)benzenotiol, uma molécula formada por dois anéis benzeno possuindo um grupo funcional doador (amino) e um grupo funcional aceitador (nitrobenzeno), unidos por uma ponte constituída por metileno. Inicialmente investigamos possíveis alterações nas posições dos níveis de energia e na localização espacial dos orbitais moleculares de fronteira em função da intensidade do campo elétrico externo aplicado. A compreensão, ainda que qualitativa, de tais alterações é condição necessária para o entendimento do transporte de elétrons pela molécula. Nossos resultados mostram que tanto a localização dos orbitais de fronteira quanto a posição dos níveis de energia sofrem mudanças significativas, com o cruzamento de níveis levando a efeitos importantes como a inversão na localização espacial. Uma vez melhor entendido o comportamento da molécula na presença de um campo elétrico externo, se tornou possível a obtenção de expressões para descrever a corrente elétrica e a condutância do sistema quando conectado a dois eletrodos metálicos. A corrente resulta da probabilidade conjunta de três eventos distintos (transferência eletrodo 1 - molécula; transferência intramolecular; transferência molécula - eletrodo 2) e, devido µa assimetria intrínseca da molécula, um perfil de retificação deveria ser esperado na curva externa versus corrente. Isso foi de fato observado e, em adição, efeitos de resistência diferencial negativa (NDR) se fizeram presentes

Des mutations du gène Ras jouent un rôle essentiel dans le développement tumoral. Les GTPases Ral , RalA et RalB, sont des effecteurs proximaux de l’oncogène Ras. RalA permet la croissance en absence de substrat et RalB est nécessaire à l'autophagie et à la résistance à l'apoptose des cellules cancéreuses. Cette thèse a pour objectif de clarifier les mécanismes moléculaires de la signalisation Ral impliqués dans l’oncogenèse dépendante des protéines Ras.Des criblages par double hydride ont été effectués par notre équipe et un interactome de Ral a été établi. Ce criblage a montré une interaction entre des protéines de la signalisation Ral et la protéine NDR1, une kinase pro-apoptotique appartenant à la voie " suppresseur de tumeur" Hippo. Le Projet 1 montre la régulation de NDR1 par la voie RalA-Exocyste- MAP4K4 en réponse au stress osmotique, oxydatif ou au traitement par le TNF-α. Dans cette voie, la kinase MAP4K4, un effecteur de RalA, via le complexe exocyste active directement NDR1. En outre, nous avons montré que la voie RalA-MAP4K4-NDR1 était nécessaire à l'apoptose déclenchée par le TNF-α ou par la surexpression de RASSF1A, suppresseur de tumeur appartenant à la voie Hippo. Nous avons donc montré que RalA a un rôle pro-apoptotique inattendue qui agit via la kinase NDR1, en plus de son rôle connu de proto-oncogène en aval de Ras.Le projet 2 montre que la protéine kinase NDR1 est un régulateur de l'autophagie. Des criblages par double hydride ont été effectués par notre équipe avec NDR1 comme appât et ont permis de montrer une interaction entre Beclin 1, une protéine majeure de l’autophagie, et NDR1. Nous avons montré que NDR1 était nécessaire à l'autophagie et à la formation des autophagosomes chez l'humain et la Drosophile. De plus, NDR1 est nécessaire à la formation du complexe Exo84 de l'exocyste, Beclin1 et RalB nécessaire à l'initiation de l'autophagie. Nous montrons également que RalB régule l'état d'activation de NDR 1 après induction de l'autophagie. En effet, en absence de RalB, nous avons observé une hyper - activation de NDR1 menant les cellules vers l'apoptose. Ainsi nous avons montré que NDR1 joue le rôle d'interrupteur favorisant l'autophagie ou favorisant l'apoptose suivant son état d'activation.Le projet 3 étudie l'implication de la voie RalGTPases-NDR1 dans l'oncogenèse dépendante de Ras et dissèque par quels mécanismes NDR1 y contribue. / Constitutive Ras signalling is one of the most frequent oncogenic event in human cancers. Thus, it is imperative to identify new therapeutic options targeting downstream effectors of Ras signalling. Ras-like GTPases RalA and RalB are proximal effectors of oncogenic Ras. RalA was reported to support anchorage independent proliferation and RalB regulates autophagy and inhibits apoptosis of cancer cells. Ral proteins execute these functions via several direct effectors as the exocyst, an octameric complex originally identified as regulator of vesicles trafficking. The global goal of this PhD was to better decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of Ral GTPases in oncogenesis.To extend the Ral interactome, i.e. the protein-protein interaction network centered on Ral, we performed yeast-two hybrid screenings which led to the identification of the NDR1 kinase, belonging to the tumor suppressor Hippo pathway. NDR1 functions in oncogenesis were investigated in the context of three projects.In Project 1, we showed that NDR1-dependent apoptosis is regulated by a RalA/Exocyst/MAP4K4/NDR1 cascade. We reported that under osmotic or oxidative stresses or TNF-α treatment, the Ste20-like MAP4K4 kinase, an effector of RalA via the exocyst complex, directly activates NDR1. Moreover, we found that TNF-α treatment or overexpression of the tumor suppressor RASSF1A, which belongs to the Hippo pathway, leads to apoptosis through this RalA/Exocyst/MAP4K4/NDR1 pathway. This novel and unexpected pro-apoptotic role of RalA suggests that the RalA GTPase can positively signal in tumor suppressor pathways via the kinase NDR1, in addition to its proto-oncogenic role downstream of Ras. In Project 2, we described the NDR1 protein kinase as a conserved regulator of autophagy. Using NDR1 as bait in yeast two hybrid screens, we fished Beclin1, a key regulator of autophagy, and we validated the existence of a direct biochemical NDR1-Beclin1 interaction. We showed that NDR1promotes autophagosome formation in human cells and Drosophila larvae. Furthermore, we observed that NDR1 supports the interaction of the exocyst component Exo84 with Beclin1 and RalB, which is required to initiate autophagosome formation. Very interestingly, under prolonged autophagy, RalB depletion triggers hyperactivation of NDR1 resulting in NDR1-dependent apoptosis. Thus, it appears that the NDR1 kinase could act as a switch between autophagy (=survival) or apoptosis (=death), under the control of RalB. In Project 3, we addressed the role of the newly identified RalGTPases-NDR1axis in Ras - induced oncogenesis and tumorigenesis.

V práci je porovnána situace České republiky a bývalého východního Německa. Srovnání a zhodnocení procesu transformace obou centrálně plánovaných ekonomik. Vyvození možných hospodářských důsledků (například při přistoupení k euru) pro Českou republiku na základě zkušeností bývalého východního Německa z měnové unie se SRN.

The work deals with pictures of GDR in German prose written after 1989 by authors coming from GDR and born after 1960. Literary pictures of GDR could be perceived as reflections of memories of individuals or as fictional images of this country. These pictures can't be compared with analyses researched by historians. The main aim is to show how these pictures create the collective memory of this state and how can the collective memory influences picture of GDR, that plays dominant role in today's German society. The case study compares nine literary texts and shows different aspects of reality of life in GDR. Humour and nostalgia were used as an important part of this picture. The comparison includes parallels and differences, in picturing this country, used by two last generations of authors in GDR.

This thesis dealt with economic reforms in Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic in the 60s of the 20th century and their impact on economic, political and social development of society. The first part is focused on Czechoslovakia and assumptions and principles of reforms, finished with the so-called Šiks reform, which was canceled in 1968. In the second part of the thesis are the reform efforts in the GDR compared directly with the reforms in Czechoslovakia and their overall impact on future development of the two socialist states. Finally, the work evaluates contribution of the reforms and possibility of their implementation in practice.

The purpose of the thesis is to explore how the negotiations about the United German Olympic Teams (1956-1964) were represented in the West and East German press, specifically in Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FRG) and Neues Deutschland (GDR). The United German Olympic Teams were the last bridge connecting the two Germanys, continuing to exist even after the construction of the Berlin wall. The thesis is based on the assumption that sport played an important role in the construction of post- war German identities. Moreover, it will be argued that the two German states relied heavily on ideological demarcation from the respective "other" for legitimization. Thus, the thesis will argue that the discourses about the constitution of the team reflect on questions of identity, unity, and division. In order achieve this, Fairclough's method of Critical Discourse Analysis will be used to examine ideological and symbolic content in the discourses on the negotiations between the two National Olympic Committees. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of theatre and its scene in German Democratic Republic and Czechoslovakia in 1960's and its comparation. Best known theatres of the time will be investigated as well as the theatre movements. Particular findings will be exemplified by these two texts: Zahradní slavnost (Václav Havel) and Die Umsiedlerin (Heiner Müller). The main purpose of this thesis is to analyse the political impact on the theatre scene and dramas which arose at this period of ten years.

This diploma thesis deals with existing regional disparities in Germany with focus on differences between north and south regions at NUTS I level. The main goal is to divide analysed regions into clusters of similar regions using cluster analysis and prove the existence of regional disparities between north and south of Germany. Regional differences are determined using a group of selected regional disparity indicators that reflect different aspects of economy and life in German regions. The aim is also to analyse the development trend of regional disparities in years 2006-2016 using β and δ convergence models. Results are subsequently interpreted from an economic point of view.

No description available.