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Deciphering the roundabout code underlying postoptic commissure formation in the developing Zebrafish forebrainRamos, Azucena. January 2009 (has links)
Honors Project--Smith College, Northampton, Mass., 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 111-118).
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Agonism of the endocannabinoid system modulates binge-like alcohol intake in male C57BL/6J mice involvement of the posterior ventral tegmental area /Linsenbardt, David Nathaniel. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.
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The novel synaptic scaffold protein--SHANK /Kan, Ho Man. January 2002 (has links)
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-91). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
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An investigation of membrane transporter proteins in the distal vertebrate retina: excitatory amino acid transporters and sodium potassium chloride cotransportersUnknown Date (has links)
Neurons are able to maintain membrane potential and synaptic integrity by an
intricate equilibrium of membrane transporter proteins and ion channels. Two
membrane proteins of particular importance in the vertebrate retina are the
excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) which are responsible for the reuptake
of glutamate into both glial and neuronal cells and the sodium potassium
chloride cotransporters (NKCCs) that are responsible for the uptake of chloride
ions into the cell. NKCCs are electro-neutral with the uptake of 2 Cl- coupled to
an exchange of a potassium and Na+ ion into the cells. Therefore, there is little
change of cell membrane potential in the action of NKCCs. In this study the
localization and function of EAATs in the distal retina is investigated. Whole cell
patch clamp recordings in lower vertebrate retina have demonstrated that EAAT2
is the main synaptic EAATs in rod photoreceptors and it is localized to the axon terminals. Furthermore, the action of the transporter seems to be modified by
intracellular calcium concentration. There is also evidence that EAAT2 might be
regulated by feedback from the neuron network by glycinergic and GABAergic
mechanisms. The second half of this study investigates expression of NKCCs in
the retina by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
There are two forms of NKCCs, NKCC1 and NKCC2. NKCC1 is mostly
expressed in the central nervous system and NKCC2 was thought to only be
expressed in the kidneys. NKCC1 is responsible for the majority of chloride
uptake into neuronal and epithelial cells and NKCC1 is expressed in the distal
retina where photoreceptors synapse on second order horizontal and bipolar
cells. This study found the expression of NKCC1 in the distal retina to be
regulated by temporal light and dark adaptation. Light adaptation increased
phosphorylated NKCC1 expression (the active form of the cotransporter). The
increase in NKCC1 expression during light adaptation was modulated by
dopamine. Specifically, a D1 receptor agonist increased phosphorylated NKCC1
expression. Dopamine is an essential chemical and receptor known for initiating
light adaptation in retina. Finally, an NKCC1 knockout mouse model was
examined and it revealed that both forms of NKCC are expressed in the
vertebrate retina. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2014. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection
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The effects of supplying spinal motoneurons with a constant source of exogenous neurotrophinsGibbons, Andrew Stuart January 2004 (has links)
Abstract not available
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The role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus in the increase in core body temperature evoked by interoceptive and exteroceptive stresses in ratsMoreno, Maria. January 2010 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, 2010. / Title from screen (viewed on March 3, 2010). Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Joseph A. DiMicco, Sherry F. Queener, Daniel E. Rusyniak, Michael R. Vasko. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-147).
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Integration of visual information and the organization of receptive fields in V1 of the California ground squirrelYu, Hsin-Hao. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 8, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-124).
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Regulation of rapid signaling at the cone ribbon synapse via distinct pre- and postsynaptic mechanismsUnknown Date (has links)
Background: Light-adaptation is a multifaceted process in the retina that helps adjust the visual system to changing illumination levels. Many studies are focused on the photochemical mechanism of light-adaptation. Neural network adaptation mechanisms at the photoreceptor synapse are largely unknown. We find that large, spontaneous Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter (EAATs) activity in cone terminals may contribute to cone synaptic adaptation, specifically with respect to how these signals change in differing conditions of light. EAATs in neurons quickly transport glutamate from the synaptic cleft, and also elicit large thermodynamically uncoupled Cl- currents when activated. We recorded synaptic EAAT currents from cones to study glutamate-uptake events elicited by glutamate release from the local cone, and from adjacent photoreceptors. We find that cones are synaptically connected via EAATs in dark ; this synaptic connection is diminished in light-adapted cones. Methods: Whole-cell patch-clamp was performed on dark- and transiently light-adapted tiger salamander cones. Endogenous EAAT currents were recorded in cones with a short depolarization to -10mV/2ms, while spontaneous transporter currents from network cones were observed while a local cone holding at -70mV constantly. DHKA, a specific transporter inhibitor, was used to identify EAAT2 currents in the cone terminals, while TBOA identified other EAAT subtypes. GABAergic and glycinergic network inputs were always blocked with picrotoxin and strychnine. Results: Spontaneous EAAT currents were observed in cones held constantly at -70mV in dark, indicating that the cones received glutamate inputs from adjacent photoreceptors. These spontaneous EAAT currents disappeared in presence of a strong light, possibly because the light suppressed glutamate releases from the adjacent photoreceptors. The spontaneous EAAT currents were blocked with TBOA, but not DHKA, an inhibitor for EAAT2 subtype, suggesting that a / non-EAAT 2 subtype may reside in a basal or perisynaptic area of cones, with a specialized ability to bind exocytosed glutamate from adjacent cones in dark. Furthermore, these results could be artificially replicated by dual-electrode recordings from two adjacent cones. When glutamate release was elicited from one cone, the TBOA-sensitive EAAT currents were observed from the other cone. Conclusions: Cones appear to act like a meshwork, synaptically connected via glutamate transporters. Light attenuates glutamate release and diminishes the cone-cone synaptic connections. This process may act as an important network mechanism for cone light adaptation. / by Matthew JM Rowan. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Modulation du récepteur N-méthyl-D-aspartate au niveau de la corne dorsale de la moelle épinière par les récepteurs opiacés et les récepteurs A2A de l'adénosineGuntz, Emmanuel January 2009 (has links)
Doctorat en Sciences médicales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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The role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in the dorsomedial hypothalamus in the increase in core body temperature evoked by interoceptive and exteroceptive stresses in ratsMoreno, Maria 03 March 2010 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Brain responds to an array of diverse challenges that are defined as either exteroceptive stress, involving cognitive processing of sensory information from the external environment and or interoceptive stress, detected through sensory neural or chemical cues from the internal environment. The physiological response to most stresses consists of autonomic responses that are essential for animal survival in the face of a threatening circumstance. However, it is known that exposition to continuous situations of stress is involved in the development of a series of diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction and panic syndrome. Several studies have shown that cells in a specific area of the brain, the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), are involved in the response produced during emotional stress. However, the role of glutamatergic transmission in the DMH in the increase in body temperature induced by experimental stress has not been examined. Research findings thus far indicate that neurons in the DMH play a role in thermoregulation and that local glutamate receptors may be involved. The hypothesis of this thesis is that activity at ionotropic glutamate receptors in the DMH is necessary for the thermogenic response induced by experimental stress. In the present work, microinjections of kynurenate, an
excitatory amino acid antagonist, NBQX (2, 3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione), an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV), an NMDA receptor antagonist, and a mixture of NBQX and APV, were delivered to the DMH before exposure to experimental stress. The stress paradigms used include models for exteroceptive stress and interoceptive stress. The results show that inhibition of both NMDA and non-NMDA receptors is necessary to abolish the thermogenic response produced by all stress paradigms tested. Furthermore, there appears to be a difference in the degree of attenuation of the thermogenic response produced by either inhibition of NMDA receptors or non-NMDA receptors. Together these results support a definite role for ionotropic glutamate receptors within DMH region in the thermogenic response to stress. These results also finally show that the DMH is involved in all the major physiological stress responses including increase in plasma ACTH, increase in heart rate, blood pressure and now temperature as well.
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