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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo comparativo da musculatura associada à alimentação entre as raias-viola Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidade) /

Santos, Camila Mayumi Hirata dos. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Otto Bismarck Fazzano Gadig / Banca: Roberto Goitein / Banca: Ulisses Leite Gomes / Resumo: neurocrânio de duas espécies de raias-viola, Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris. Os exemplares foram coletados na plataforma continental de São Paulo, junto à frota artesanal e industrial. Os indivíduos foram dissecados frescos, com descrição de sete regiões do neurocrânio, e origem, inserção e tamanho relativo dos músculos: epaxialis, quadratomandibularis, preorbitalis, levator palatoquadrati, depressor mandibularis, levator hyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis, levator rostri, coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus e coracohyomandibularis. Não foram verificadas diferenças ontogenéticas ou sexual do neurocrânio e musculatura. O apêndice rostral possui diferenças no formato e número de fenestras entre R. percellens e Z. brevirostris. O rostro é mais extenso em R. percellens e existe um par de extensões cartilaginosas no apêndice rostral, semelhantes a barbilhões que não são encontrados em Z. brevirostris. As cápsulas nasais de R. percellens são arqueadas anteriormente. A crista supra-orbital é bem desenvolvida e são observados processos pré e pós-orbitais nas duas espécies. A fontanela posterior é grande e em formato de gota em R. percellens, e em Z. brevirostris ela não é presente em todos os exemplares. Na região latero-posterior da cápsula ótica está a faceta articular da hiomandíbula, que é mais extensa em Z. brevirostris. Na região posterior do crânio está o forâmen magno e em suas laterais estão os côndilos occipitais, mais largos em Z. brevirostris. A musculatura cefálica das duas espécies é semelhante, apresentando diferenças principalmente quanto ao comprimento de tendões, posição de algumas inserções e proporções dos músculos, com exceção do depressor hyomandibularis que possui inserção dividida, ambas na hiomandíbula em Z. brevirostris, e uma na hiomandíbula e outra na primeira cartilagem... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study describes and compares the musculature related to feeding and the neurocranium of two species of guitarfishes, Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris. The specimens were caught by artisanal and commercial fisheries along the São Paulo continental shelf, southeast Brazil. The specimens were dissected fresh with the description of seven regions of the neurocranium, and origin, insertion and relative size of the muscles: epaxialis, quadratomandibularis, preorbitalis, levator palatoquadrati, depressor mandibularis, levator hyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis, levator rostri, coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus, and coracohyomandibularis. No ontogenetic or sexual differences were observed in neurocranium and musculature for both species. The rostral appendix has differences in shape and fenestra number between R. percellens and Z. brevirostris. The rostral cartilage is more extensive in R. percellens in which there is a par of cartilaginous extensions in the rostral appendix, like barbels, not found in Z. brevirostris. The nasal capsules of R. percellens are anteriorly oriented. The supra-orbital crest is well developed and there is pre and post-orbital process in both species. The posterior fontanelle is wide and bead shaped in R. percellens, and is not found in all the specimens of Z. brevirostris. The hyomandibular facet is longer in Z. brevirostris. On the posterior region of the neurocranium there is the foramen magnum, and on each side the occipital condily, that are larger in Z. brevirostris. The cranial musculature of both species is similar, they have differences concerning the size of tendons, position of some insertions and proportion of the muscles, except for depressor hyomandibularis which originates on the superficial hypobranchial raphe and has two insertions, both on hyomandibula in Z. brevirostris, while in R. percellens there is one... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
2

Estudo comparativo da musculatura associada à alimentação entre as raias-viola Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris (Chondrichthyes, Rhinobatidade)

Santos, Camila Mayumi Hirata dos [UNESP] 02 August 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:18:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_cmh_me_rcla.pdf: 2185651 bytes, checksum: c876eb5b088cd7609fb2acb4078a1d09 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / neurocrânio de duas espécies de raias-viola, Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris. Os exemplares foram coletados na plataforma continental de São Paulo, junto à frota artesanal e industrial. Os indivíduos foram dissecados frescos, com descrição de sete regiões do neurocrânio, e origem, inserção e tamanho relativo dos músculos: epaxialis, quadratomandibularis, preorbitalis, levator palatoquadrati, depressor mandibularis, levator hyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis, levator rostri, coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus e coracohyomandibularis. Não foram verificadas diferenças ontogenéticas ou sexual do neurocrânio e musculatura. O apêndice rostral possui diferenças no formato e número de fenestras entre R. percellens e Z. brevirostris. O rostro é mais extenso em R. percellens e existe um par de extensões cartilaginosas no apêndice rostral, semelhantes a barbilhões que não são encontrados em Z. brevirostris. As cápsulas nasais de R. percellens são arqueadas anteriormente. A crista supra-orbital é bem desenvolvida e são observados processos pré e pós-orbitais nas duas espécies. A fontanela posterior é grande e em formato de gota em R. percellens, e em Z. brevirostris ela não é presente em todos os exemplares. Na região latero-posterior da cápsula ótica está a faceta articular da hiomandíbula, que é mais extensa em Z. brevirostris. Na região posterior do crânio está o forâmen magno e em suas laterais estão os côndilos occipitais, mais largos em Z. brevirostris. A musculatura cefálica das duas espécies é semelhante, apresentando diferenças principalmente quanto ao comprimento de tendões, posição de algumas inserções e proporções dos músculos, com exceção do depressor hyomandibularis que possui inserção dividida, ambas na hiomandíbula em Z. brevirostris, e uma na hiomandíbula e outra na primeira cartilagem... / This study describes and compares the musculature related to feeding and the neurocranium of two species of guitarfishes, Rhinobatos percellens e Zapteryx brevirostris. The specimens were caught by artisanal and commercial fisheries along the São Paulo continental shelf, southeast Brazil. The specimens were dissected fresh with the description of seven regions of the neurocranium, and origin, insertion and relative size of the muscles: epaxialis, quadratomandibularis, preorbitalis, levator palatoquadrati, depressor mandibularis, levator hyomandibularis, depressor hyomandibularis, levator rostri, coracomandibularis, coracohyoideus, and coracohyomandibularis. No ontogenetic or sexual differences were observed in neurocranium and musculature for both species. The rostral appendix has differences in shape and fenestra number between R. percellens and Z. brevirostris. The rostral cartilage is more extensive in R. percellens in which there is a par of cartilaginous extensions in the rostral appendix, like barbels, not found in Z. brevirostris. The nasal capsules of R. percellens are anteriorly oriented. The supra-orbital crest is well developed and there is pre and post-orbital process in both species. The posterior fontanelle is wide and bead shaped in R. percellens, and is not found in all the specimens of Z. brevirostris. The hyomandibular facet is longer in Z. brevirostris. On the posterior region of the neurocranium there is the foramen magnum, and on each side the occipital condily, that are larger in Z. brevirostris. The cranial musculature of both species is similar, they have differences concerning the size of tendons, position of some insertions and proportion of the muscles, except for depressor hyomandibularis which originates on the superficial hypobranchial raphe and has two insertions, both on hyomandibula in Z. brevirostris, while in R. percellens there is one... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
3

The Neurocranium of Anasinopa leakeyi (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) – a First Insight into Teratodontine Brain Morphology / Hjärnan hos Anasinopa leakeyi (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) – ett neurokranium rekonstruerat genom datortomografi

Flink, Therese January 2019 (has links)
The Hyaenodonta include a wide variety of carnivorous mammals ranging in age from late Palaeocene to middle Miocene. Although they reached a nearly global distribution, little remains of them today. Many of the taxa are based only on teeth and jaw fragments. If we are to understand how these animals lived and evolved, we must therefore make the most out of the material we have. Herein, I report on the first nearly complete skull of Anasinopa leakeyi (Teratodontinae), which was recently found in Northern Kenya. The skull is dorsoventrally compressed, but otherwise relatively undamaged. The aim of this study was to provide a first glimpse of teratodontine brain morphology by reconstructing the neurocranium of this skull and creating a digital endocast. The result was one of the most well preserved endocasts of any hyaenodont known to date, with many of the cranial nerves and blood vessels visible. The size of the optic foramen relative to the size of the brain is similar to that of the extant wolf, Canis lupus, suggesting that A. leakeyi may have had a similar visual acuity. The body mass of A. leakeyi was estimated to up to 25 kg, meaning that it may have hunted small or large animals, perhaps having the ability to shift to larger prey when needed, as do extant, similarly sized, Felidae and Canidae. Endocasts are known from only a handful hyaenodont species, many of which were described by Radinsky in 1977. However, little work has been done on hyaenodont brains since then. The second aim of this study, therefore, was to place these hyaenodont brains, and particularly that of A. leakeyi, in the most recent phylogenetic framework, to better understand how the brain evolved in this group. This suggests that the evolution of a larger, more convoluted neocortex occurred convergently in several clades of Hyaenodonta. Furthermore, the presence of only a single neocortical sulcus in the earliest hyaenodonts calls into question the previous hypothesis of an ancestral pattern with two sulci for Artiodactyla, Perissodactyla and Carnivora. This study provides a basis for future research on brain evolution in Hyaenodonta, as well as showcases the possibilities offered by 3D technology. / Hyaenodonterna var en grupp rovdjur som levde från ca 58 till 12 miljoner år sedan och som fanns på alla nordliga kontinenter samt Afrika. De varierade mycket i storlek, precis som nu levande rovdäggdjur, från ca 0.5 kg till över ett ton. Den här studien rapporterar ett nytt fynd från norra Kenya: den första skallen av Anasinopa leakeyi, en hyaenodont som levde för ungefär 17 miljoner år sedan. Skallen är tillplattad, men nästan komplett och i övrigt i relativt gott skick. Men hjälp av datortomografi och 3D-teknologi har neurokraniet, den del av skallen som omger hjärnan, kunnat byggas ihop igen och en digital avgjutning av hjärnskålen skapats. Genom att jämföra tjockleken på synnerven i förhållande till hjärnstorleken kan man få en uppfattning om hur väl utvecklad synen var hos Anasinopa. Resultaten tyder på att Anasinopa troligen hade ungefär lika bra syn som dagens varg. Genom att mäta tänderna har Anasinopas kroppsvikt kunnat uppskattas till upp till 25 kg, vilket är ungefär lika mycket som en europeisk bäver eller en manvarg. De rovdäggdjur som lever idag, och som väger lika mycket som Anasinopa, kan jaga antingen stora eller små bytesdjur. Det finns också djur i den här viktklassen, som t.ex. schakaler och lodjur, som kan skifta mellan att jaga små och stora djur, så det är möjligt att Anasinopa också kunde det. Vår kunskap om hur hjärnan såg ut hos hyaenodonter är begränsad till mindre än ett dussin exemplar. De flesta av dessa ”hjärnor” är naturliga avgjutningar i sten, som bildats när hjärnskålen fyllts med sediment för miljontals år sedan. En studie på 1970-talet jämförde flera hyaenodont-hjärnor och fann att neocortex, den del av hjärnan som hos däggdjur ansvarar för komplexa kognitiva funktioner, med tiden blev större och mer veckad hos de här djuren. Det vill säga, de tidiga hyaenodonterna hade en liten neocortex med ett enda veck, medan de som levde miljontals år senare hade en mycket större neocortex med flera veck. Sedan den studien har dock ganska lite forskning gjorts på hjärnan hos de här djuren. I den här studien jämfördes därför Anasinopas hjärna med den hos andra hyaenodonter, med hänsyn tagen till hur de olika arterna tros vara släkt med varandra, för att försöka förstå hur hjärnan utvecklades hos de här djuren. Resultaten tyder på att en större, mer veckad neocortex utvecklades parallellt i två separata grupper av hyaenodonter. Man har tidigare kunnat se att utvecklingen av fler hjärnveck skett parallellt hos, t.ex., olika grupper av hunddjur. Dock verkar inget än så länge tyda på att sådana veck lika lätt kan förloras när de väl utvecklats hos en art. Därför tyder det faktum att de första hyaenodonterna bara hade ett veck på att deras gemensamma anfader med dagens rovdjur också bara hade ett veck. Det går emot vad man tidigare trott, om att den gemensamma anfadern till hyaenodonter och nu levande rovdjur och hovdjur och hade en neocortex med två veck, som sedan bevarats hos alla dess ättlingar. Det här visar att det är mycket vi fortfarande inte vet om hjärnans utveckling. Studien visar samtidigt på möjligheterna som 3D-teknologin innebär och visar att det finns mycket kvar att lära från de fossil vi har.

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