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Cette thèse souhaite reconstituer l’histoire du Nouveau Théâtre Espagnol, courant marginalisé de la scène en son temps, dans une double optique : celle de la diffusion —dans ses multiples aspects— et celle de la caractérisation éthique et esthétique. Incluant aussi les pièces censurées et inédites, l’étude propose de faire revivre un mouvement dramatique et scénique novateur qui s’est développé en Espagne pendant le franquisme tardif et le début de la Transition (1967-1978), artistiquement expérimental, culturellement anticonformiste, esthétiquement anti-conventionnel et politiquement antifranquiste. La recherche de nouvelles propositions et de solutions scéniques a provoqué l’apparition d’une néo-avant-garde à la fin de la dictature ; ces productions étaient impossibles à contenir dans les limites structurelles du théâtre commercial (œuvres classiques, comédies d’évasion), ni même dans celles des propositions du Réalisme contemporain. La transformation voulue de la scène dramatique passait par une prise de conscience progressive de groupe —marginalisé de diverses manières— ainsi que par la création de nouvelles formes non aristotéliciennes (parfois inspirées de l’avant-garde scénique européenne et américaine) et de nouveaux modes d’expressions fondés sur la création langagière, la provocation verbale, l’allégorie et le symbole. Ce travail propose une réflexion sur la dénomination et le concept même du Nouveau Théâtre Espagnol, sur son contexte socio-culturel et politique —décisifs pour son essor et son développement— et veut offrir une approche d’analyse stylistique afin de préciser les caractères définitoires du mouvement. / This Ph. D. thesis tries to reconstruct, under a double perspective, the history of the Spanish New Theatre, an artistic manifestation marginalised from the scenes on its times; the essay considers its extent –on multiple aspects– and its ethic and aesthetic characterisation. Including also censored and unpublished plays, this study intends to revive an innovative scenic and dramatic movement which developed in Spain during the late Francoism and the early Spanish Transition (1967-1978); it was artistically experimental, culturally non-conformist, aesthetically unconventional and politically anti-Francoist. The search for new scenic propositions and solutions provoked the appearance of a new avant-garde at the end of the dictatorship; its productions were incomprehensible within the structural limits of commercial theatre (classic drama, light comedies) or even contemporary Realism’s propositions. The transformation of the dramatic scene implied a progressive awareness of group –marginalised in many ways– and generated the creation of multiple non-Aristotelic forms (sometimes inspired in the European and American avant-gardes); it supposed also new modes of expression based on a creative language, verbal provocation and an extended use of allegory and symbol. These pages propose a reflection about the Spanish New Theatre’s name and very concept, on its socio-cultural and political context –capital for its birth and development– offering a stylistic analysis approach in order to specify the movement’s defining features.

Prior to his career as a painter, Walter Richard Sickert (1860-1940) was employed for a number of years as an actor. Indeed the muse of the theatre was a constant influence throughout Sickert’s life and work yet this relationship is curiously neglected in studies of his career. The following thesis, therefore, is an attempt to address this vital aspect of Sickert’s œuvre. Chapter one (Act I: The Duality of Performance and the Art of the Music-Hall) explores Sickert’s acting career and its influence on his music-hall paintings from the 1880s and 1890s, particularly how this experience helps to differentiate his work from Whistler and Degas. Chapter two (Act II: Restaging Camden Town: Walter Sickert and the theatre c.1905-c.1915) examines the influence of the developing New Drama on Sickert’s works from his Fitzroy Street/Camden Town period. Chapter three (Act III: Sickert and Shakespeare: Interpreting the Theatre c.1920-1940) details Sickert’s interest in the rediscovery of Shakespeare as a metaphor for his solution to the crisis in modern art. Finally, chapter four (Act IV: Sickert’s Simulacrum: Representations and Characterisations of the Artist in Texts, Portraits and Self-Portraits c.1880-c.1940) discusses his interest in the concept of theatrical identity, both in terms of an interest in acting and the “character” of artist and self-publicity. Each chapter analyses the influence of the theatre on Sickert’s work, both in terms of his interest in theatrical subject matter but also in a more general sense of the theatrical milieu of his interpretations. Consequently Sickert’s paintings tell us much about changing fashions, traditions and interests in the British theatre during his period. The history of the British stage is therefore the backdrop for the study of a single artist’s obsession with theatricality and visual modernity.