No description available.

Orientador: Marcelo Magalhães Bulhões / Banca: Cremilda Celeste de Araújo Medina / Banca: Danilo Rothberg / Resumo: De que forma se configura o que tem se chamado de crise do jornalismo impresso, o cenário e os dados sobre a mídia impressa contemporânea, que tenta se reposicionar em tempos de novos suportes midiáticos, são, a princípio momento, relacionados nesse trabalho nesse trabalho. Ao apresentar as estratégias e inovações de revistas e jornais impressos nacionais para atrair leitores, chega-se às aproximações entre jornalismo e literatura. A acuidade com o texto utilizando recursos comuns à literatura é entendida nesse trabalho como uma das possibilidades para colaborar com a repaginação dos jornais impressos diários. É nesse ponto que a realização jornalística de Eliane Brum é analisada. Sob a perspectiva da linguagem adotada pela jornalista e sob a temática escolhida para suas reportagens, os textos de Eliane Brum são debatidos. A partir dos conceitos da teoria literária e de argumentos de pesquisadores que estudam de que forma a aproximação entre jornalismo e literatura pode colaborar para levar os leitores de volta às páginas dos jornais, defende-se a produção de textos onde o jornalismo e o literário se aproximam e se mesclam. Ao final, é feita uma breve discussão sobre a forma com que o estímulo para a produção jornalística com traços da literatura poderia acontecer nos cursos de jornalismo / Abstract: In what is configure what has been called the crisis of newspaper journalism, the scenery and the data on the contemporary print media, which tries to reposition itself in times of new media supports, are, at the fisrt moment, in this related work. By presenting the strategies and innovations in national magazines and newspapers to attract readers, arrive at the similarities between journalism and literature. The acuity with the text using common features to the literature is understood in this work as one of the possibilities to collaborate with the makeover of the daily newspapers. It is here that the journalistic implementation of Eliane Brum is analyzed. From the perspective of the language adopted by the journalist and under the theme chose for its stories, the texts by Eliane Brum are debated. From the concepts of literary theory and arguments of researchers who study how the approach between journalism and literature can collaborate to bring readers back to the pages of newspapers, defends the production of texts in which journalism and literary approach and mingle. In the end, is a brief discussion about the way that the stimulus for the journalistic production with traces of literature could happen in journalism courses / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:11:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_lj_me_bauru.pdf: 575339 bytes, checksum: ea27f55f5e049428f65657c7cd8ecc00 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / De que forma se configura o que tem se chamado de crise do jornalismo impresso, o cenário e os dados sobre a mídia impressa contemporânea, que tenta se reposicionar em tempos de novos suportes midiáticos, são, a princípio momento, relacionados nesse trabalho nesse trabalho. Ao apresentar as estratégias e inovações de revistas e jornais impressos nacionais para atrair leitores, chega-se às aproximações entre jornalismo e literatura. A acuidade com o texto utilizando recursos comuns à literatura é entendida nesse trabalho como uma das possibilidades para colaborar com a repaginação dos jornais impressos diários. É nesse ponto que a realização jornalística de Eliane Brum é analisada. Sob a perspectiva da linguagem adotada pela jornalista e sob a temática escolhida para suas reportagens, os textos de Eliane Brum são debatidos. A partir dos conceitos da teoria literária e de argumentos de pesquisadores que estudam de que forma a aproximação entre jornalismo e literatura pode colaborar para levar os leitores de volta às páginas dos jornais, defende-se a produção de textos onde o jornalismo e o literário se aproximam e se mesclam. Ao final, é feita uma breve discussão sobre a forma com que o estímulo para a produção jornalística com traços da literatura poderia acontecer nos cursos de jornalismo / In what is configure what has been called the crisis of newspaper journalism, the scenery and the data on the contemporary print media, which tries to reposition itself in times of new media supports, are, at the fisrt moment, in this related work. By presenting the strategies and innovations in national magazines and newspapers to attract readers, arrive at the similarities between journalism and literature. The acuity with the text using common features to the literature is understood in this work as one of the possibilities to collaborate with the makeover of the daily newspapers. It is here that the journalistic implementation of Eliane Brum is analyzed. From the perspective of the language adopted by the journalist and under the theme chose for its stories, the texts by Eliane Brum are debated. From the concepts of literary theory and arguments of researchers who study how the approach between journalism and literature can collaborate to bring readers back to the pages of newspapers, defends the production of texts in which journalism and literary approach and mingle. In the end, is a brief discussion about the way that the stimulus for the journalistic production with traces of literature could happen in journalism courses

The research project analyses the articles and ego-documents published by Italian correspondents in Germany and German journalists in Italy between 1871 and 1915 in order to investigate the transformation of the image of the Other through stereotypes and clichés in a period that was central to bilateral relations. The aim of the study is therefore to reconstruct the way in which Italian and German correspondents describe the Other. The category of news correspondents was chosen for a specific reason: these journalists contributed with their articles not only to the expansion of the public sphere in their respective countries, but also to the development of certain images of the Other in Italy and Germany. The research focuses on two main aspects. Firstly, the representation of the Other developed significantly between 1871 and 1915 and the stereotypes used by journalists are by no means fixed but have changed over time. Secondly, the long period studied makes it possible to describe the different phases of certain standardised images and their spread in public opinion. The research focuses on the following sources: newspaper articles and ego-documents, i.e. diaries and memoirs of correspondents (where available). The articles analysed come from some of the best-known newspapers of the period examined: for Italy, Gazzetta Piemontese (later La Stampa), Corriere della Sera and Il Secolo; for Germany, Allgemeine Zeitung, Kölnische Zeitung and Berliner Tageblatt. The selected correspondence covers the following period: the 1870s after the foundation of the Empire; the 1890s to observe how the news correspondents portrayed the other country at a time when the two nations were very close; finally, the period before the First World War with Italy’s supposed “betrayal” of Germany and Austria-Hungary. The research project begins with Ferdinando Fontana (Gazzetta Piemontese), in Berlin between 1878 and 1880, and his memoirs; the study continues with the articles by Umberto Coccoluto Ferrigni/Yorickson (Corriere della Sera, 1893-1903) and Mario Mariani (Il Secolo, 1907-1915) in order to cover the entire period studied. The research shows a development in the representation of the Other by the Italian correspondents that is not only due to the central events in German-Italian relations, but also to the political tendencies of the newspapers. The latter is observed mainly between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the First World War. While a certain mistrust of Germany’s great military commitment can be observed in the articles and ego-documents following the foundation of the Empire, the last years of the century are characterised by a greater openness of Italy towards Germany. The Germans are often portrayed as a model to be emulated or mocked sympathetically through new stereotypes and consolidated standardised images. The role of Italian correspondents in Germany between 1914 and 1915 is also interesting: they were not war correspondents but journalists who remained in Germany (for as long as possible) not only to follow German military developments, but also to observe the changing mood towards Italy. Mario Mariani not only wrote articles for Il Secolo, but also memoirs and diaries, which today are important sources for understanding the development of the image of the Other from Italy’s declaration of neutrality to the “betrayal” of 1915. The selected correspondence can be categorised into different types in Italy and Germany. The articles by Italian journalists deal with German politics in only a few cases: in Ferdinando Fontana’s 118 articles, almost half report on current political events, while the rest describe the correspondent’s life in Germany and the relationships he tries to build with the local population. In Yorickson, this particular tendency to deal with various aspects of everyday life in Germany can be found in all 173 articles selected for research: instead of Reichstag sessions, the journalist prefers theatre performances, walks through the capital and observations of the behaviour of Germans on various occasions, especially in their relations with Italians. In addition to the articles, there are also ego-documents, as in the case of Mario Mariani. Although it is difficult to analyse the correspondence of the journalist from Il Secolo due to the lack of source, the memoirs are an important document because they reflect the author’s opinion. Moreover, most first-person documents from the war period are intended for publication, as in this case. Mariani’s memoirs therefore fulfil the same task as the correspondence studied: they are intended to influence public opinion by spreading a certain image of the Other, in this case the enemy. The German sources were selected from the following newspapers: Allgemeine Zeitung with 70 articles, Kölnische Zeitung with 100 articles and Berliner Tageblatt with 50 articles. Before the unification of Italy, the German correspondents mainly wrote about artistic and cultural topics, while it was only from the 1870s that more attention was paid to the Italian political, economic, and social context. One particularity is the gender of the first correspondent examined: it is possible that it was a woman who used the female gender symbol instead of the signature with her first name and surname. The use of signs and symbols can also be observed in other German newspapers. The KZ-journalist, for example, uses the cloverleaf symbol and his articles alternate strongly clichéd representations of Italy with analyses of political, economic, and social events in the Kingdom. However, there are cases in which the journalist not only uses a particular symbol for articles, but also signs his own first and last name. This is the case of Hans Barth (Berliner Tageblatt), in Rom from the years before World War I until 1915. Barth’s articles are particularly interesting because they show the perspective of a German journalist who continued to write articles from Italy after the proclamation of neutrality, despite living in an atmosphere full of unrest and contrasts. The research project aims to show how different representations of the Other influenced public opinion. It also shows attempts to “update” the already established view of the Other according to different political events. Finally, this study aims to be a first step towards a deeper investigation of the role that Italian and German correspondents played in the representation of the Other and the attempts of journalists and newspapers to influence public opinion through certain stereotypical images. / Das Forschungsprojekt analysiert die zwischen 1871 und 1915 veröffentlichten Artikel und Ego-Dokumenten der italienischen Korrespondenten in Deutschland und der deutschen Journalisten in Italien, um den Wandel des Bildes des Anderen durch Stereotypen und Klischees in einem für die bilateralen Beziehungen zentralen Zeitraum zu untersuchen. Ziel der Studie ist es daher, die Art und Weise, in der italienische und deutsche Korrespondenten den Anderen beschreiben, zu rekonstruieren. Die Kategorie der Auslandskorrespondenten wurde aus einem bestimmten Grund ausgewählt: Diese Journalisten trugen mit ihren Artikeln nicht nur zur Erweiterung der Öffentlichkeit in ihren jeweiligen Ländern bei, sondern auch zur Entwicklung bestimmter Bilder des Anderen in Italien und Deutschland. Die Forschung dreht sich um zwei Hauptthemen. Erstens hat sich die Vorstellung des Anderen zwischen 1871 und 1915 deutlich weiterentwickelt und die von den Journalisten verwendeten Stereotypen sind keineswegs fixiert, sondern veränderten sich im Laufe der Zeit. Zweitens ermöglicht es der lange untersuchte Zeitraum die verschiedenen genetischen Stadien bestimmter standardisierter Bilder und ihr relatives Überleben in der öffentlichen Meinung zu beschreiben. Die Forschung konzentriert sich auf folgende Quellen: Zeitungsartikel und Ego-Dokumente, d. h. Tagebücher und Memoiren von Korrespondenten (soweit vorhanden). Die analysierten Artikel kommen aus einigen der bekanntesten Zeitungen des untersuchten Zeitraums: Für Italien Gazzetta Piemontese (später La Stampa), Corriere della Sera und Il Secolo; für Deutschland die Allgemeine Zeitung, die Kölnische Zeitung und das Berliner Tageblatt. Die ausgewählten Korrespondenzen umfassen den folgenden Zeitraum: Die 1870er Jahre nach der Gründung des Kaiserreichs; die 1890er Jahre, um zu beobachten, wie die Korrespondenten das andere Land in einer Zeit, in der sich die beiden Länder sehr nahestanden, darstellten; schließlich die Zeit vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg mit dem angeblichen „Verrat“ Italiens an Deutschland und Österreich-Ungarn. Die Auswahl der von italienischen Journalisten verfassten Artikel beginnt mit Ferdinando Fontana, Korrespondent für Gazzetta Piemontese zwischen 1878 und 1880 in Berlin, und seinen Memoiren; anschließend werden die Artikel von Umberto Coccoluto Ferrigni/Yorickson (Corriere della Sera, 1893-1903) und von Mario Mariani (Il Secolo, 1907-1915) berücksichtigt, um so den gesamten untersuchten Zeitraum zu erfassen. Die Studie zeigt eine Entwicklung in der Vorstellung des Anderen durch die italienischen Korrespondenten, die nicht nur auf die zentralen Ereignisse in den deutsch-italienischen Beziehungen, sondern auch auf die politischen Tendenzen der Zeitungen zurückzuführen ist. Das letztgenannte Phänomen lässt sich zwischen dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts und dem Beginn des Ersten Weltkriegs beobachten. Ist in den Artikeln und den Ego-Dokumenten nach der Kaiserreichsgründung ein gewisses Misstrauen gegenüber dem großen militärischen Engagement Deutschlands festzustellen, so sind die letzten Jahre des Jahrhunderts durch eine größere Offenheit Italiens gegenüber dem Kaiserreich gekennzeichnet. Die Deutschen werden oft als nachahmenswertes Vorbild dargestellt oder durch neue Stereotypen und konsolidierte standardisierte Bilder sympathisch verspottet. Interessant ist auch die Rolle der italienischen Korrespondenten in Deutschland zwischen 1914 und 1915: Sie waren keine Kriegsberichterstatter, sondern Journalisten, die sich (so lange wie möglich) in Deutschland aufhielten, nicht nur um die deutschen militärischen Entwicklungen zu verfolgen, sondern auch um den Wandel der Stimmung gegenüber Italien zu beobachten. Mario Mariani schrieb nicht nur Artikel für Il Secolo, sondern auch Memoiren und Tagebücher, die heute wichtige Quellen sind, um die Entwicklung des Bildes des Anderen von der Neutralitätserklärung Italiens bis zum „Verrat“ von 1915 zu verstehen. Die ausgewählten Korrespondenzen sind unterschiedlichen Genres in Italien und Deutschland zuzuordnen. Die Artikel italienischer Journalisten befassen sich nur in wenigen Fällen mit der deutschen Politik. Von den 118 Artikeln Fontanas betrifft fast die Hälfte das politische Zeitgeschehen. Der andere Teil beschreibt das Leben des Korrespondenten in Deutschland und die Beziehungen, die er zur Bevölkerung aufzubauen versucht. Bei Yorickson findet sich diese besondere Tendenz, sich mit verschiedenen Aspekten des Alltagslebens in Deutschland zu befassen, in allen 173 für die Forschung ausgewählten Artikeln: Anstelle der Reichstagssitzungen bevorzugt der Journalist Theateraufführungen, Spaziergänge durch die Hauptstadt und Beobachtungen des Verhaltens der Deutschen bei verschiedenen Anlässen, besonders in ihren Beziehungen zu Italienern. Außer den Artikeln gibt es auch Ego-Dokumente, wie im Fall von Mario Mariani. Trotz der Schwierigkeit einer Analyse der Korrespondenzen des Journalisten von Il Secolo aufgrund des Fehlens von Quellen, stellen die Memoiren ein wichtiges Dokument dar, weil sie die Meinung des Autors widerspiegeln. Außerdem sind die meisten Ego-Dokumente aus der Kriegszeit für die Veröffentlichung bestimmt. Marianis Memoiren erfüllen daher dieselbe Aufgabe wie die untersuchten Korrespondenzen: Sie sollen die öffentliche Meinung beeinflussen, indem sie ein bestimmtes Bild des Anderen, in diesem Fall des Feindes, verbreiten. Die deutschen Quellen wurden aus der Allgemeinen Zeitung mit 70 Artikeln, der Kölnischen Zeitung mit 100 Artikeln und dem Berliner Tageblatt mit 50 Artikeln ausgewählt. Vor der Einigung Italiens schrieben die deutschen Korrespondenten hauptsächlich über künstlerische und kulturelle Themen, während erst ab den 1870er Jahren dem politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Kontext Italiens mehr Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt wurde. Eine Besonderheit ist das Geschlecht des Korrespondenten der Allgemeinen Zeitung: Es ist möglich, dass es sich um eine Frau handelte, die anstelle der Unterschrift mit ihrem Vor- und Nachnamen das weibliche Geschlechtssymbol benutzte. Die Verwendung von Zeichen und Symbolen ist auch in anderen deutschen Zeitungen wie der Kölnischen Zeitung und dem Berliner Tageblatt zu beobachten. Der KZ-Journalist verwendet beispielsweise das Kleeblatt-Symbol und in seinen Artikeln wechseln sich stark klischeehafte Vorstellungen Italiens mit Analysen der politischen, wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Ereignisse im Königreich ab. Es gibt jedoch Fälle, in denen der Journalist nicht nur ein bestimmtes Symbol für Artikel verwendet, sondern auch seinen eigenen Vor- und Nachnamen unterschreibt. Dies ist der Fall von Hans Barth, Korrespondent des Berliner Tageblatts von den Jahren vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg bis 1915. Barths Artikel sind besonders interessant, weil sie die Perspektive eines deutschen Journalisten zeigen, der nach der Proklamation der Neutralität weiterhin Artikel aus Italien schrieb, obwohl er in einer Atmosphäre voller Unruhen und Kontraste lebte. Das Forschungsprojekt soll hervorheben, wie unterschiedliche Vorstellungen des Anderen die öffentliche Meinung beeinflussten. Es zeigt auch Versuche auf, die bereits etablierte Sichtweise des Anderen entsprechend den verschiedenen politischen Ereignissen zu „aktualisieren“. Schließlich ist diese Studie ein erster Schritt zu einer tieferen Untersuchung der Rolle, die italienische und deutsche Korrespondenten bei der Vorstellung des Anderen spielten, und der Versuche von Journalisten und Zeitungen, die öffentliche Meinung durch bestimmte stereotype Bilder zu beeinflussen.

The literature on the use of public journalism suggests that it can lead to different news coverage than is traditionally provided by the news media. Specifically, these differences have been identified in story content, use of different sources and use of mobilising information. This thesis asks whether such differences can be identified in newspapers’ coverage of the 2001 Local Body Elections in New Zealand. The research involved content analysis of New Zealand’s six largest daily newspapers, three of them with experience of using public journalism and three with no such experience. Interviews were also conducted with two or three senior journalists involved in organising each paper’s election campaign in order to explore their goals for the election coverage and evaluation of it. The results mirror those of previous research by showing significant differences in the coverage of the newspapers with public journalism experience in relation to some factors, but not others. The papers with a public journalism background consistently used more non-elite sources than the traditional papers, but did not consistently use more female sources. They also included mobilising information in stories more frequently and made greater use of story features, or “elements”, associated with public journalism. However, one of the papers with no experience of public journalism also ranked highly in relation to these two factors. The interviews revealed some differences in goals among the journalists, but this was not a simple split between the journalists on papers with public journalism experience and the other journalists. For example, not all interviewees working for the papers experienced in using public journalism agreed that their goal should be to boost voter turnout. Nor was an overt commitment to supporting the democratic process expressed only by staff on the papers with public journalism experience. The interviews did, however, identify that only the three newspapers with a public journalism background used polling to identify the issues that were important to the public and proceeded to cover these issues during their election campaign