Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, 2017 / This thesis explores the contribution and significance of Multichoice Nigeria and its Africa Magic channels in the development of the Nigerian film industry. The main objective of the study is an interrogation of the terms of Multichoice contracts with Nollywood content producers as well as a review of the effect of the programmes of Multichoice on content producers. The second key objective is to examine the development impacts of these initiatives on the Nigerian film industry. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with industry practitioners, representatives of the Multichoice and officials of government agencies in Nigeria in addition to analysis of policy documents. The thesis is influenced by critical political economy and the critical media industry studies approach developed by Haves, Lotz and Tinic (2009) whose study of creative and entertainment industries focuses on content producers and cultures of production in media corporations. The study examines Multichoice’s production initiatives as perceived by Nollywood content producers, and provides situated accounts of Nollywood filmmakers’ experiences, encounters, pressures and tensions which undermine Multichoice’s apparent social objectives. It modifies the production culture to the culture of business in the media industry and exposes the need for industry practitioners to engage intellectual property lawyers in their business dealings with Multichoice and other corporate agencies in order to forestall exploitation. While highlighting the complexities, contradictions and ambiguities in the Multichoice-Nollywood relationship, as well as the challenges confronting Nollywood, I argue that contrary to the reservations of the content producers, the industry has benefited from Multichoice in direct and indirect ways. These include improved quality of film production, the increased online presence of Nollywood films, enhancing the local tourism and hospitality industry and promoting professionalism. The study therefore recommends government intervention to address the existing mistrust between Multichoice and Nollywood. The study inspires the “early bird theory” to interpret the Multichoice-Nollywood relationship and experience; studying similar relationships between media corporations and the local film industries in Third World nations. This thesis makes original contribution to knowledge by providing resource material to the scarce literature in critical media industry studies with particular regard to the African film industry. / XL2018

<p>Patient satisfaction is critical for the growth of oral health service and practice. The present study was a descriptive study on patient satisfaction with oral health care provided by a district dental clinic. The aim of the study was to determine whether patients attending the dental clinic of the Lagos State University hospital were satisfied with the care they received.</p>

This dissertation examines the repatriation of Nigerian mental patients during Nigeria’s colonial period. In so doing, it explores how racist and paternalistic definitions of the “African mind” developed in the colonial context implicitly influenced psychiatric and governmental officials’ opinions about whether or not Nigerian mental patients should be repatriated when they became mentally ill abroad. When analyzing files of repatriation cases, a distinct pattern emerges: psychiatric and governmental authorities nearly always justified the repatriation of Nigerian mental patients from what they considered “modern” countries with white majority populations such as the United Kingdom or the United States. Nigerian mental patients in these countries were almost always repatriated. The same types of authorities, however, never argued for the repatriation of Nigerians from what they regarded as “primitive” African colonies. Mental patients within Africa, including Muslim pilgrims on the journey to Mecca, were almost never repatriated to Nigeria. The examination of such a wide range of mentally-ill Nigerian migrants from across the globe allows for a new perspective on the power of colonial psychiatry to emerge. Whereas scholarly works on mental illness in colonial Africa thus far have focused overwhelmingly on the effect that definitions of the “African mind” had on Africans within the colonial setting, specifically the colonial mental asylum, this dissertation analyzes how these same definitions affected the terms under which Nigerian migrants lived beyond the asylum setting and throughout the world. The result was a global construction of mental illness that followed colonial subjects wherever they went. This dissertation therefore integrates the fields of African history and global history by focusing on a subject group that was transnational in nature. In so doing, it illustrates the broad parameters within which the psychiatric knowledge and state power influenced each other at an international level and expands the discourse of African resistance to racialized psychiatry to the global arena in ways that previous works have not discussed. / text

Introduction: Citizens of developing countries are often in vulnerable situations because of illiteracy, unfamiliarity with medical interventions, effects of war resulting in famine, and extreme poverty. The health-related conditions that arise out of these situations however make research in these populations vital and increasing funding for research on diseases that affect the world 's poor is making such research possible. The resulting tension between the need for research and the possibility of exploitation of participants' vulnerability, mandates the development of reliable ways of ensuring that participants' consent is voluntary, adequately informed and well understood. The Nuremberg Code emphasises the requirement of voluntariness in informed consent by insisting that participants should be able to exercise freedom of choice without the intervention of any element of force, fraud , deceit, duress, or other forms of constraint or coercion. Aim: This study assessed research participants' understanding and voluntariness of informed consent in a clinical trial. Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional analysis of the informed consent process. It consisted of qualitative and quantitative components. It was a cross-sectional survey of 75 research participants in a malaria clinical trial using questionnaires in the from of forced-choice check lists and patient self-report to assess voluntariness and understanding of informed consent. Data were analysed using SPSS V 17. Results: All the respondents involved in the clinical trial gave consent before they were recruited. The reasons for consenting to participate in the clinical trial ranged from the opportunity to get treatment (28%), opportunity for diagnosis of ailments (32%), to prevent illness (36%) and to receive information about medical care (4%). The major benefits participants attributed to taking part in the research were the opportunity to obtain treatment (59%), diagnostic tests (35%) and education (6%). Among the research participants, 10.7% believed that they should be paid for participation and about 8% felt that payment could influence their decision to participate because it could act as a motivation. They could however not proffer an amount that they would consider significant enough to influence their decision. There was no significant association between factors that influenced participation and age (p=0.533), sex (p=0.342), education (p=0.078), religion (p=0.144) and marital status (p=0.239). Almost all (98.7%) participants claimed that they had understood the information given to them during the consent procedure and they all gave consent without consulting anybody apart from the medical personnel.The majority of respondents - 74 (98.7%) - stated that they were not allowed to go home with the informed consent document, while 1(1 .3%) of the respondents said there was no need to go home with the informed consent document. In the assessment of understanding using the forced-choice checklist, however, only 37% understood issues concerning randomization of participants and only 28.8% understood issues about compensation for research related injury. Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the voluntariness of participants was influenced by factors related to the benefits accrued through participation. The need for participants to make free and informed choices based on adequate information given by the investigator cannot but be emphasized as a right and not a privilege. In light of the limited understanding about randomization and injury compensation identified in this study, there is a need for additional protection of vulnerable populations. This could be in the form of allowing adequate time to enable the improvement of participants' understanding of the consent form, using innovative ways of explaining complex concepts such as randomization, and providing the necessary support to facilitate participants' right to self-decision, except when they are incapable of consenting. / Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

No abstract available. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2012.

The main purpose of this study was to identify, describe, and explain the school effectiveness characteristics that might influence English language certification in selected secondary schools in a Third World country, Nigeria. Ethnographic methods of participant observation, interviews, questionnaires, camera and video recordings, and documentary analysis were used to study six secondary schools in urban, sub-urban, and rural settings. The study was conducted in response to the call for the contextualization of School Effectiveness Research (SER). One incontrovertible conclusion in School Effectiveness Research (SER) is that the accumulation of evidence on the characteristics of school effectiveness has not answered the perplexing question of why certain characteristics work in one school and not in others. Many researchers have suggested contextualizing SER as one way of dealing with this nagging problem. The contextualization of SER, argued these researchers, would ensure that local school and classroom cultures were taken into consideration in the design, implementation, and interpretation of School Effectiveness Research. Studying the nuances of local school cultures might illuminate the relationships between school effectiveness characteristics and the classroom instructional strategies employed by effective teachers to enhance student academic achievement. Results from the six case studies indicated support for many school effectiveness characteristics that have been attested to in the literature, such as strong and purposeful school leadership, clear and articulated goals, high expectations of student achievement, a safe and orderly environment conducive to learning, and frequent evaluation of students' progress. But some characteristics that might be peculiar to the Third World were also unraveled by the study. For instance, extramural lessons seemed to be an important feature in certain schools that achieved effective examination results but lacked effectiveness characteristics. There appears also to be a link between the identified school level effectiveness characteristics and the classroom level instructional strategies employed by effective teachers in English language classrooms. The study of the dimensions of effective instruction in Nigerian English language classrooms yielded some "language examination-oriented instructional strategies" that were different from the "mediational instructional strategies" used by effective language teachers in Californian classrooms in the United States of America. It was felt that these differences were a result of contextual differences in the two developed and developing world domains.

No description available.

<p>Patient satisfaction is critical for the growth of oral health service and practice. The present study was a descriptive study on patient satisfaction with oral health care provided by a district dental clinic. The aim of the study was to determine whether patients attending the dental clinic of the Lagos State University hospital were satisfied with the care they received.</p>

This research thesis examined the applicability of the enablement paradigm in the public-private partnership (PPP) of housing delivery systems (HDS) in Lagos among middle-income groups using the periods of changing historic conditions as baseline for the analysis. Nigeria’s postdemocratic Housing and Urban Development Policy for the first time in 2002 recognized the formal private sector as a major stakeholder in its framework. This recognition was in line with the World Bank’s policy recommendation for governments to create enabling environment for private sector participation in housing provision. The major changes by this policy were the grant of access to land with ownership tenure and access to housing finance with low interest rate. This thesis underscores the failure of the Housing and Urban Development Policy framework in Nigeria to achieve real gains in housing delivery. By unbundling the determinants of HDS in Lagos, this research identified the universal objectives of housing delivery in terms of the quantity and quality of housing and its environmental quality. The findings from this research work identified significant correlation between failures in government policies and poor stakeholders’ delineation and roles. The study further associated stakeholder’s delineation and role to PPP optimization: By so, identified PPP as the fulcrum for resource, process and social optimization towards achieving AHD. Through an extensive analysis of historic conditions, theories and policies nationally and internationally, this research drew relevant lessons which informed its conceptual departure for unbundling PPP within HDS. It also relied on empirical data obtained from quantitative and qualitative research instruments drawn from four estate typologies and three categorized stakeholder’s respondents’ frame it used in evaluating HDS. In its contribution, this study developed a project lifecycle framework for housing development, a proposal for PPP effectiveness and an Adequacy Evaluation Technique (AET). Common to these models was the delineation of the universal objectives of housing from which the 3-Qfactor of housing quantity, and quality and the quality of housing environment emanated as a measure of value added contribution. By this, the study established a departure from previous architectural approaches which promised value satisfaction as a functional derivative of design. Through these models, PPP can be designed at the architectural and operational levels towards achieving AHD through the window of the universal objective of housing delivery; and can be evaluated for functional satisfaction and real value (return on investment) based on assessment of profitability of housing development actors/partners. The second major contribution is the delineation of stakeholders in three dimensions namely, the household, the housing development actor/partner which reflects changing roles and circumstances and the housing development experts. Of emphasis are the changing roles and circumstances that this study is able to delineate from its literature and field work through an understanding of the social focus groups which exist within the Lagos settings. This study in conclusion emphasizes the need for delineating stakeholders’ roles contextually as a pre-condition to initiating partnerships. It also posits that there is need to deduce all resources, processes and social context as the framework for PPP before initiating partnerships. It established that, current policy practice already targets the middle-income in its use of PPP, and this can be extended to other social income groups and that the basis for the utilization of PPP should stem from an understanding of specific application of the three-step adequacy evaluation technique (AET) developed by this study as a relevant tool for evaluating the adequacy of housing development projects. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.

This study investigates the role of civil society in the Nigerian polity between 1985 and 1999. The institutions that constitute civil society, particularly human rights organizations, professional groups, non-governmental organizations have played crucial roles in checking the excesses of Nigerian governments. They have also -served not only as instruments for protecting human rights and guarding against the aouse-of the rule of law in the absence of a constitution but also in the advocacy of democracy in Nigeria. e study examines generally and in theoretical terms not only the relationship between 'state and civil society but also how far, and in what ways the state can affect or engage, purposefully, civil society in general. Drawing on de Tocquiville, Diamond, Gramsci, Hegel, Hobbes, Mamdani, Marx, and Mill, the study attempts to cut through the definitional quagmire by defining civil society as an arena made up of voluntary associations with differing interests and objectives and anchored within the space between state and society, which work towards those diverse societal interests with the aim either of promoting change or maintaining the status quo. The struggle against military dictatorshijJ in Nigeria gave rise to a large and complex civil society. The study examines the activities and / internal problems of these organizations. Specifically, it focuses on the role and effectiveness of civil society groups as instruments of democratic change in Nigeria. In this regard, it examines extensively their oppositional stance against military dictatorship and assesses their effectiveness in promoting transparency, accountability, and good governance in Nigeria. In essence, then, the study seeks to provide insight not only about the workings ofNigerian civil society organizations but also their potential as a vehicle for emplacing transparent and effective governance. To drive the point home, the study examines three major civil society organizations (representing different categories of civil society) that played crucial roles in the struggle for good governance and the protection of fundamental human rights in Nigeria. These are the Nigerian Labour Congress (NLC), the Movement for the Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP), and the Campaign for Democracy (CD). Looking ystematically at eacn of the three cases, it investigates the dangerous and, often, brutal struggle by members of the civil society as they sought to compel successive military regimes to adhere to pnnciples of good governance, respect for basic human rights, transformative development, arid-democracy. A testimony of their relative success in pursuit of their appositional agenda was reflected not only in the political transition activities of each military government but also in their ability to isolate recalcitrant regimes and externalize the struggle by sensitizing the internationalcommunity as happened under General Sani Abacha. Nevertheless, the ability and capacity of civil society to sustain its role as a balancing force between the Nigerian state and people remains in doubt due both to continuing uneasiness in its relationship with the state and to organizational and operational problems associated with internal factionalization, proneness to infiltration and sabotage, victimization by obnoxious laws and decrees, inadequacy of funding, weak operating capacity, fragile organizational struchlres, and poor alliance and networking arrangements. The Study argues that in order to provide a constructive challenge to the authority and power of the state and to achieve their transformative agenda for social, economic, and political development of Nigeria, civil society groups would need to wrestle effectively with some of these problems. / Thesis (Ph.D)-University of Kwazulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2002.