Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2002. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Mainz, Univ., Diss., 2002. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Mainz, Universiẗat, Diss., 2002.

Duisburg, Essen, Universiẗat, Diss., 2004.

Zugl.: Stuttgart, Univ., Diss., 2010

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

A new synthetic method toward 5-substituted isoxazolidines by [3 plus 2] cycloaddition of nitrones generated from nitrosobenzene and styrene was discovered. The formation of nitrones from nitrosobenzene and mono-substituted aromatic styrenes was demonstrated. The cycloaddition reactions between styrenes and nitrosobenzenes work well when a moderate excess of styrenes was employed. The labeling studies support that cleavage of the styrene double bond occurred and accounted for all the carbons in the starting materials and products. A [3 plus 2] dipolar cycloaddition is implicated by the available mechanistic data and allows for the rapid assembly of various substituted isoxazolidines directly from nitrosobenzenes, electron deficient alkenes, and styrene.

A novel approach to access N-Aryl nitrones via copper catalyzed coupling of benzyl alcohols with nitrosobenzenes is described. The results of mechanistic studies are conflicting but suggest this reaction proceeds through either redox process or a nucleophilic nitroso hydrate intermediate formed in situ, which was previously unprecedented. The unique electronics of this process allow access to nitrones with excellent step and atom economy, which are otherwise difficult to make using conventional methods. In this work, a total of 22 nitrones have been made. 15 of which from pure starting materials with yields ranging from 26 - 89 % and another 7 from two step, one pot reactions where the nitrosobenzenes were made in situ from commercially available anilines and reacted in a subsequent step to produce the nitrone in 8 - 46 % yield. In addition to the nitrone forming reaction occurring in the second step of a two-step sequence, we have also shown that subsequent reactions can be done on newly formed nitrones in one pot. This was demonstrated with a newly synthesized nitrone and a donor-acceptor cyclopropane in a [3+3] annulation reaction forming the cycloadduct in 90% yield. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / With over 250 000 cases of resistant bacterial infections reported, and more than 5 400 directly causing Canadian deaths in 2018, we are currently facing an antibiotic crisis[67]. A particularly worrying class of resistance involves Gram-negative bacteria, as their highly impermeable outer membrane poses added complexity to their evolved resistance mechanisms[68]. The outer membrane restricts the chemical matter able to cross, making the bacteria intrinsically resistant to small molecule antibiotics and other compounds which may have intracellular targets[69],[70]. This barrier is therefore a major bottleneck for cellular mechanistic studies and compound mechanism of action, as these small molecules cannot gain entry to the cell. To circumvent this issue, outer membrane permeabilizing compounds must be discovered so that these systems can be more effectively studied. Commonly used membrane active compounds such as colistin and its derivatives, interact with both the outer and inner membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, and are toxic to cells[71]. Therefore, molecules that are outer membrane selective and nontoxic to Gram negative bacteria would be useful tools to expedite the study of biological systems.

O (-)-?-bisabolol é um produto natural abundante no Brasil. É extraído de várias espécies de plantas. Possui atividades biológicas reconhecidas, que o torna extremamente interessante para as indústrias de cosméticos e fármacos. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo principal sua modificação buscando, com isso, melhorar as atividades biológicas ou agregar novas potencialidades biológicas. Durante estas transformações procura-se, principalmente, empregar metodologias ecologicamente corretas (Green Chemistry). O trabalho foi dividido em 3 (três) partes principais: Aminoredução, oxidação e cicloadição. A primeira parte consiste na preparação da imina (N-benzilfenilmetanoamina) e transformação, da mesma, em uma amina secundária, através de aminação redutiva. Na segunda, oxidação das aminas secundárias e do bisabolol e, na terceira, estudo das reações de cicloadições. As oxidações das aminas secundárias (dibenzilamina e 1,2,3,4-tetraidroisoquinolina) forneceram as nitronas correspondentes (N-óxido de N-benzilidenobenzilamina e N-óxido de 3,4-diidroisoquinolina). A oxidação (epoxidação) do Bisabolol forneceu uma mistura de óxidos de Bisabolol: Óxido de Bisabolol - B: 1-metil-1-[5-(4-metil-3-cicloexenil)tetraidro-2-furanil]etil álcool e Óxido de Bisabolol - A: (3S)-2,2,6-trimetil-6-(4-metil-3-cicloexenil)tetraidro-2H-3-piranol. A oxidação alílica do Bisabolol, forneceu o tetraidro-2,2,6-trimetil-6-(4-metil-3-cicloexen-1-il)-4H-piran-4-ona. A cicloadição [1+2] entre diclorocarbeno e o bisabolol originou o 4-(2,2-dicloro-3,3-dimetilciclopropil)-2-(7,7-dicloro-6-metilbiciclo [4.1.0]hept-3-il)-2-butanol. A reação de cicloadição [2+3] entre a nitrona (N-óxido de 3,4-diidroisoquinolina) e o dipolarófilo (butil vinil éter) forneceu a isoxazolidina 1,5,6,10b-tetraidro-2H-isoxazolol[3,2-a]isoquinolina-2-il butil éter. / The (-)-?-bisabolol is a natural product available in a large quantity in Brazil. It is extracted of several specimens of trees and has recognized biological activity that made it a so interesting product for cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. The research has as mean goal the modification of (-)-?-bisabolol a natural product. The modification has intended, improve the biological activity or create new biological activity. The methods applied always consider condition to protect the environment (Green Chemistry). The research has three main parts: amino reduction, oxidation and cycloaddition. The first part based on the reaction to synthesize the imines (N-benzylphenilmethanoamine) and with the amine reduction synthesis the secondary amine. A second part was oxidizing the secondary amines and bisabolol. The third part is a research about cycloaddition. The amines oxidation (dibenzylamine e 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) gave the nitrones [N-benzylidenebenzylamine N-oxide and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide] respectively. The Bisabolol oxidation (epoxidation reaction) gave a mix of bisabolol oxide: The Bisabolol oxide B, 1-methyl-1-[5-(4-methyl-3-ciclohexenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]ethyl alcohol and The Bisabolol oxide A, (3S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyil-3-ciclohexenyl) tetrahydro-2H-3-piranol. The alilic oxidation from Bisabolol also was achieved and gave the tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4H-pyran-4-one. The cycload-dition [1+2] between diclorocarbene and bisabolol gave, 4-(2,2-dicloro-3,3-dimethylciclopropil)-2-(7,7-dicloro-6-methylbiciclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)-2-butanol. The cycloaddition [2+3] with nitrones (3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide) and dipolarophile (butyl vinyl ether) gave the isoxazolidine 1,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-2H-isoxazolol[3,2-a]isoquinoline-2-yl butyl ether.

O (-)-?-bisabolol é um produto natural abundante no Brasil. É extraído de várias espécies de plantas. Possui atividades biológicas reconhecidas, que o torna extremamente interessante para as indústrias de cosméticos e fármacos. O trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo principal sua modificação buscando, com isso, melhorar as atividades biológicas ou agregar novas potencialidades biológicas. Durante estas transformações procura-se, principalmente, empregar metodologias ecologicamente corretas (Green Chemistry). O trabalho foi dividido em 3 (três) partes principais: Aminoredução, oxidação e cicloadição. A primeira parte consiste na preparação da imina (N-benzilfenilmetanoamina) e transformação, da mesma, em uma amina secundária, através de aminação redutiva. Na segunda, oxidação das aminas secundárias e do bisabolol e, na terceira, estudo das reações de cicloadições. As oxidações das aminas secundárias (dibenzilamina e 1,2,3,4-tetraidroisoquinolina) forneceram as nitronas correspondentes (N-óxido de N-benzilidenobenzilamina e N-óxido de 3,4-diidroisoquinolina). A oxidação (epoxidação) do Bisabolol forneceu uma mistura de óxidos de Bisabolol: Óxido de Bisabolol - B: 1-metil-1-[5-(4-metil-3-cicloexenil)tetraidro-2-furanil]etil álcool e Óxido de Bisabolol - A: (3S)-2,2,6-trimetil-6-(4-metil-3-cicloexenil)tetraidro-2H-3-piranol. A oxidação alílica do Bisabolol, forneceu o tetraidro-2,2,6-trimetil-6-(4-metil-3-cicloexen-1-il)-4H-piran-4-ona. A cicloadição [1+2] entre diclorocarbeno e o bisabolol originou o 4-(2,2-dicloro-3,3-dimetilciclopropil)-2-(7,7-dicloro-6-metilbiciclo [4.1.0]hept-3-il)-2-butanol. A reação de cicloadição [2+3] entre a nitrona (N-óxido de 3,4-diidroisoquinolina) e o dipolarófilo (butil vinil éter) forneceu a isoxazolidina 1,5,6,10b-tetraidro-2H-isoxazolol[3,2-a]isoquinolina-2-il butil éter. / The (-)-?-bisabolol is a natural product available in a large quantity in Brazil. It is extracted of several specimens of trees and has recognized biological activity that made it a so interesting product for cosmetic and pharmaceutic industries. The research has as mean goal the modification of (-)-?-bisabolol a natural product. The modification has intended, improve the biological activity or create new biological activity. The methods applied always consider condition to protect the environment (Green Chemistry). The research has three main parts: amino reduction, oxidation and cycloaddition. The first part based on the reaction to synthesize the imines (N-benzylphenilmethanoamine) and with the amine reduction synthesis the secondary amine. A second part was oxidizing the secondary amines and bisabolol. The third part is a research about cycloaddition. The amines oxidation (dibenzylamine e 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline) gave the nitrones [N-benzylidenebenzylamine N-oxide and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide] respectively. The Bisabolol oxidation (epoxidation reaction) gave a mix of bisabolol oxide: The Bisabolol oxide B, 1-methyl-1-[5-(4-methyl-3-ciclohexenyl)tetrahydro-2-furanyl]ethyl alcohol and The Bisabolol oxide A, (3S)-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyil-3-ciclohexenyl) tetrahydro-2H-3-piranol. The alilic oxidation from Bisabolol also was achieved and gave the tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-yl)-4H-pyran-4-one. The cycload-dition [1+2] between diclorocarbene and bisabolol gave, 4-(2,2-dicloro-3,3-dimethylciclopropil)-2-(7,7-dicloro-6-methylbiciclo[4.1.0]hept-3-yl)-2-butanol. The cycloaddition [2+3] with nitrones (3,4-dihydroisoquinoline N-oxide) and dipolarophile (butyl vinyl ether) gave the isoxazolidine 1,5,6,10b-tetrahydro-2H-isoxazolol[3,2-a]isoquinoline-2-yl butyl ether.