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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Biomechanical assessment of balance control in the elderly : muscular weakness and dynamic instability /

Hahn, Michael Eugene, January 2003 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 157-170). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
182

Muscle work discrepancy during incline and decline running at three speeds

Long, Benjamin L. DeVita, Paul, 1955- January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009. / Presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Advisor: Paul DeVita. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
183

A dynamic optimization solution for a complete cycle of normal gait /

Anderson, Frank Clayton, January 1999 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 424-439). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
184

Kinematic and motor variability and stability during gait: effects of age, walking speed and segment height

Kang, Hyun Gu, 1978- 29 August 2008 (has links)
To understand how falls occur during walking in older adults, we need to understand how the nervous system maintains stability, and how aging affects walking. Four studies were conducted to better understand the effect of age on gait. Older adults display higher gait variability compared to young adults, possibly because of their slower walking. We compared gait stability at multiple controlled walking speeds. Greater gait variability in healthy elderly existed independent of slower walking. Their diminished strength and flexibility partly explained this difference. To explain slower walking in the elderly, some have suggested that muscle weakness and stiffness may force people to walk slower. Others have suggested that people choose to walk slower to be more stable. We compared dynamic stability of gait at multiple speeds. Healthy older adults also exhibited more stability at slower speeds, yet walked at speeds comparable to young adults despite the lower strength and flexibility. Therefore, weakness and stiffness may not force healthy older adults to walk slower. The goal of the nervous system during walking may be to maintain stability of superior segments. We tested whether superior segments are more stable than inferior segments during walking. Superior segments exhibited less orbital stability during preferred walking speed, in contrast to previous suggestions. This highlighted the importance of trunk control during gait. The effects of aging on the fluctuations in the muscle activity during gait are not well understood. We quantified the stride-to-stride fluctuations of EMG as a measure of muscle activation patterns in state-space. Variability increased with speed except in the gastrocnemius. Orbital stability was less in older adults, suggesting that deviations in the EMG amplitude pattern were not readily corrected. Less local stability was seen in older adults, suggesting that older adults were more sensitive to perturbations. Together, these findings suggest that trunk control is important during gait. Strength and flexibility deficits help explain higher variability and lower stability in older adults. Future work will need to address the effect of strength interventions, neurophysiological decline on gait stability and fall risk.
185

La (de)costruzione sociale dello straniero tra discorsi politici, norme giuridiche e politiche locali per l'immigrazione. Una ricerca comparativa tra Roma e Barcellona

De Marco, Domenico 18 June 2015 (has links)
Tesi realitzada conjuntament amb la Università La Sapienza (Roma - Itàlia) / La presente tesi di dottorato approfondisce l’immigrazione e, precisamente, le politiche delle amministrazioni locali per l’accoglienza e l’integrazione sociale degli stranieri. La ricerca non affronta un argomento nuovo ma, visto il gran numero di cittadini stranieri comunitari ed extracomunitari che raggiungono ogni anno l’Italia e la Spagna, le politiche per l’integrazione sociale degli immigrati (immigrants politics) hanno acquistato un significato sociale e culturale che le ha trasformate in un tema di speciale rilevanza e interesse dal punto di vista sociologico, politologico e giuridico. Nello specifico, la ricerca si concentra sulle politiche implementate nelle città di Roma e Barcellona, con il fine di comprendere le analogie e le differenze che soggiacciono al modello di politica locale specifico di ognuna di esse. I primi capitoli della tesi sono il frutto di un ampio lavoro di ricerca bibliografica orientata a ricostruire i principali approcci teorici che nell’ambito delle scienze sociali studiano lo straniero e l’immigrazione, tanto nella sua articolazione quanto nel suo impatto con la società di accoglienza. Nel primo capitolo è presentato il dibattito sulla figura dello straniero e i contributi degli autori che all’interno delle scienze sociali, hanno contribuito alla definizione dello straniero come categoria sociologica. In questa parte della ricerca lo sforzo è stato quello di collegare le riflessioni dei classici della sociologia come G. Simmel, N. Elias e W. Sombart, a quelle di autori più recenti quali Z. Bauman, A. Touraine, con lo scopo di far “dialogare” tra loro autori di differenti epoche storiche. Nel secondo capitolo è esaminata la letteratura sui discorsi politici sull’immigrazione e si approfondisce il ruolo dei mezzi di comunicazione nella diffusione di un’immagine dell’immigrazione come problema sociale e nazionale. Nello specifico, sono ricostruiti i processi che hanno contribuito a diffondere una rappresentazione dell’immigrazione legata alla criminalità e all’irregolarità degli stranieri. In questa parte del lavoro si approfondisce l’origine del discorso securitario al cui interno l’immigrazione è rappresentata come problema collegato alla sicurezza. La seconda parte della ricerca si concentra sugli aspetti interpretativi del fenomeno migratorio attraverso la ricostruzione di due casi nazionali: l’Italia e la Spagna. A questo proposito, il terzo capitolo è dedicato all’analisi delle leggi sull’immigrazione, italiane e spagnole, e alla ricostruzione delle tappe della loro evoluzione, un percorso che ha complessificato la gestione dell’immigrazione e stabilito un sistema di governance multilevel, dove le istituzioni locali e le associazioni del Terzo Settore diventano “partner” della Pubblica Amministrazione nella prestazione di servizi alle persone immigrate. In seguito, è presentata la raccolta e l’analisi del materiale empirico, attraverso una metodologia di analisi qualitativa. Nello specifico, si presenta uno studio comparativo delle politiche locali per gli immigrati delle città di Roma e Barcellona. In entrambe le città sono state realizzate interviste-semistrutturate con testimoni privilegiati appartenenti al settore pubblico e al Terzo Settore (in totale 50), operanti a livello regionale, comunale e territoriale, con il fine di individuare le peculiarità delle politiche locali per gli immigrati (reti di attori, relazioni, programmi di intervento, risorse, ecc.) implementate in ognuno dei due casi di studio. Nel capitolo quinto sono esposti i dati raccolti con le interviste, mentre i risultati dell’analisi comparativa sono presentati nel capitolo finale, mostrando analogie e differenze tra i due modelli i immigrants policy osservati nel caso di Roma e in quello di Barcellona. / La presente tesis doctoral se centra en la inmigración, precisamente, en las políticas de las administraciones locales relacionadas a la acogida y a la integración social de los ciudadanos extranjeros. La investigación no se enfrenta a un problema nuevo en sí, sin embargo dado el gran número de ciudadanos comunitarios y no comunitarios que cada año llegan a Italia y España, las políticas locales para la integración social de las personas recién llegadas han adquirido un significado social y cultural que las convierte en un tema de especial relevancia e interés desde el punto de vista sociológico, polito1ógico y jurídico. Concretamente, el estudio se centra en las políticas implementadas en las ciudades de Roma y Barcelona, con el fin de comprender las similitudes y las diferencias que subyacen detrás del modelo de política local específico de cada una de ellas. Los primeros capítulos de la tesis son el fruto de un amplio trabajo de investigación bibliográfica con el fin de reconstruir los principales enfoques teóricos que en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales estudian el extranjero y la inmigración, tanto en su articulación cuanto en su impacto en la sociedad receptora. En el primer capitula se presenta el debate sobre la figura del extranjero, así como las contribuciones de los autores que, dentro de las ciencias sociales, han contribuido a la definición del extranjero coma una categoría sociológica. Esta parte de la investigación consiste en conectar la reflexión y los aportes de los clásicos de la sociología como Simmel, Elias y Sombart a las de autores más recientes como Bauman y Touraine, en el intento de hacer "dialogar" a los autores de diferentes épocas históricas. En el segundo capitula se examina la literatura sobre los discursos políticos en torno a la inmigración profundizando el papel de los medios de comunicación en la difusión de una imagen de la inmigración como problema social. En concreto, se han reconstruido los procesos que han contribuido a la propagación de una representación de la inmigración relacionada a la criminalidad y a la irregularidad de los extranjeros. En esta parte del trabajo, se ha profundizado en el origen del discurso securitario en el que la inmigración está representada coma problema social enlazado a la seguridad. La segunda parte del trabajo de tesis se concentra en la cuestión interpretativa del fenómeno migratorio mediante la reconstrucción de dos casos nacionales: Italia y España. A este propósito, se ha dedicado el tercer capitula al análisis de las leyes de extranjería, italiana y española, hallando las etapas de un recorrido que ha vuelto más compleja la gestión de la inmigración y ha establecido un sistema de gobernanza multinivel en la que las instituciones locales y las entidades del Tercer Sector Social se convierten en "aliados" de las administraciones públicas en la prestación de servicios a las personas inmigradas. Posteriormente, se ha recopilado y analizado el material empírico a través de metodologías de análisis cualitativas. En concreto, se lleva a cabo un estudio comparativo entre las políticas locales para los inmigrantes de la ciudad de Roma y las de la ciudad de Barcelona. En ambas ciudades se han realizado entrevistas semiestructuradas con actores clave tanto públicos, cuanto del Tercer Sector Social (en total 50), operativas tanto a nivel autonómico como municipal y territorial, con el objetivo de reconstruir las peculiaridades de las políticas locales para los inmigrantes (redes de actores, recursos, relaciones, programas de intervención). En el capítulo siguiente se exponen los datos recopilados con las entrevistas, mientras que los resultados del análisis comparativo se muestran en el capítulo de conclusiones, destacando similitudes y diferencias entre los dos modelos de política inmigratoria observados.
186

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pain in the Spinal Cord and Brainstem

Foad Ghazni, NIOUSHA 26 September 2008 (has links)
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies performed to date have focused on brain structures rostral to the thalamus, although the first level of sensory information and pain transmission occurs at the spinal cord (SC). The primary goal of this project is to map activity using fMRI, from the entire cervical SC and brainstem following innocuous and noxious stimuli before and after peripheral sensitization in normal human volunteers. This study is unique in that it determines functional activity throughout the lower neural axis in response to mechanical stimuli that are perceived as painful only after sensitization. Functional MRI studies of the SC were carried out in 18 healthy individuals in a 3T Siemens Magnetom Trio. Innocuous touch and brush (n=8), and noxious touch (n=10) stimuli were applied before and after peripheral sensitization. Peripheral sensitization was induced by topical application of capsaicin. Functional image data spanned from the C7/T1 disc to the superior edge of the thalamus and analyzed using a general linear model to discriminate signal intensity changes from physiological motion. Normalized results were combined to demonstrate the number of volunteers showing activity at each location on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Areas of activity were superimposed onto anatomical transverse drawings and identified visually with comparison to several stereotaxic atlases. The results from this study confirm previous reports that a non-noxious stimulus translates into a pain response after peripheral sensitization. The brush stimulus, before sensitization activated areas in the ipsilateral dorsal horn (DH), gracile and cuneate nuclei in the medulla and areas surrounding the dorsal column medial lemniscal pathway. Peripheral sensitization produced activity in the contralateral ventral horn (VH), typical of a pain response. The innocuous von Frey stimulus produced activity in typical sensory centres in the DH and brainstem before sensitization, and areas more consistent with a noxious response after sensitization. When examining equi-nociceptive stimuli in a control versus sensitized state, the noxious touch stimuli showed similar activation patterns even though the force of the filaments were different. In all experiments there was indication of descending modulation as activity was observed in the periaqueductal gray, midbrain red nuclei and pontine reticular formation. This study demonstrates how non-painful and pain information is transmitted from the dorsal spinal horn to the brain in healthy individuals and how peripheral sensitization induces changes in non-noxious stimuli that correlate with pain sensory transmission. / Thesis (Master, Neuroscience Studies) -- Queen's University, 2008-09-24 20:13:08.655
187

Spine and pelvis coupled movements in the frontal plane during inclined walking and running

Abbatt, Joanna. January 2000 (has links)
Spinal adaptive response in the frontal plane was investigated in relationship to pelvic unleveling during gait. Kinematic data were collected from 10 healthy adult subjects (5 male, 5 female) for walking and running on the treadmill at self-selected speeds. Spine and pelvic kinematic patterns and ranges of motion (ROM) were investigated with gender, speed and slope as factors. Speed and slope had the greatest impact on changes in the amplitude of the spine's kinematic patterns. Interaction effects were seen for speed and slope for the ROM, particularly of the greater trochanter (p < .047), PSIS (p < .011) and for the shoulders (p < 0.077). Gender presented more changes in the pelvic kinematics than the spine's kinematics. A significant trend in the females of greater ROM for T8 with increases in speed and slope was shown (p < 0.001). From this study it was concluded that speed, slope and gender were significant factors that affect the spine's ability to adapt to pelvic unleveling. In all conditions there was a coupled relationship found between the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and pelvis. In particular there was an oppositional movement found within the spine such that as the lumbar spine had convexity towards the swing leg then the thoracic spine had the opposite convexity. Hence, these factors are important when assessing posture and biomechanics of running and walking.
188

A method for human identification using static, activity-specific parameters

Johnson, Amos Y., Jr. 05 1900 (has links)
No description available.
189

El Delito de Trata de Seres Humanos. Su Aplicación a la Luz del Derecho Internacional y Comunitario

Diaz Morgado, Celia Vanessa 13 May 2014 (has links)
Tesis realizada en el marco del Programa de Doctorado en Derecho y Ciencia Política / Esta tesis se centra en una de las formas de criminalidad que más interés ha despertado en la última década, identificada como una moderna forma de esclavitud, la trata de seres humanos. Se aborda el tema desde una perspectiva amplia y multidisciplinar intentando evitar visiones parciales del fenómeno que acaban identificando la trata de seres humanos con la explotación sexual y con la prostitución. Para ello se acude a la normativa internacional y comunitaria que conceptualiza la trata de seres humanos de forma completa, atendiendo a las múltiples finalidades que pueden perseguirse. Se identifican las directrices que los poderes públicos deben seguir en la política de lucha contra la trata de seres humanos para garantizar un estándar mínimo de protección y asistencia a las víctimas de este delito. Desde una perspectiva penal, se analiza el nuevo delito de trata de seres humanos, introducido en nuestro Código Penal mediante la Ley Orgánica 5/2010 para comprobar la adecuación del tipo penal a las exigencias internacionales y a las propias de la dogmática penal. La protección y asistencia a las víctimas del delito obliga a abordar las diferentes medidas adoptadas en ámbitos del ordenamiento jurídico muy variados. Por un lado, se analiza la legislación procesal para determinar el estatuto jurídico que ocupa la víctima del delito en el proceso penal. Por otro, las especificas medidas adoptadas en la legislación de extranjería, destinadas a regularizar a aquella víctima que se encuentre en situación administrativa irregular, así como las consecuencias indirectas de éstas en el régimen de asilo. Finalmente, se intenta plasmar el panorama existente en relación con los servicios públicos y especializados que existe en materia de asistencia a la víctima del delito.
190

Obstáculos jurídicos a la internacionalización y movilidad transnacional de empresas en la Unión Europea. Análisis desde la perspectiva del Derecho de la Unión Europea y del Derecho Internacional Privado

Prats Jané, Sergi 16 March 2015 (has links)
El present treball té per objecte l’anàlisi dels problemes jurídics vinculats i derivats de les operacions de internacionalització de les societats mercantils així com d’aquelles operacions de reestructuració societària que impliquen un trasllat internacional de seu social o mobilitat dins del territori de la Unió Europea. La col·lisió entre el Dret de la Unió Europea i el Dret Internacional Privat dels Estats membres en matèria societària continua essent una realitat que ni la integració a través del dret secundari, ni els pilars essencials regulats en el dret originari, ni la pròpia jurisprudència del TJUE encara han resolt.

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