This dissertation discusses research that focuses on understanding transneptunian objects (TNOs) using a variety of techniques and approaches. In Chapter 1, I introduce the main concepts used throughout this dissertation and discuss the current understanding of the transneptunian region. In Chapter 2, I discuss my efforts to understand how Neptune's late stages of migration affect the Haumea family, the only known collisional family in the transneptunian region. Using advanced simulations of Neptune migration, I find that the Haumea family can plausibly form before the termination of giant planet migration and show that this extensively mixes the family. The simplest explanation for the formation of Haumea and its family is a slow disruption of a large, primordial binary system. In Chapter 3, I examine the detectability of non-Keplerian effects in the mutual orbits of transneptunian binaries. I find non-Keplerian effects are common, with 20% of TNBs best explained by a non-Keplerian orbit. I also demonstrate that one of the components of TNB (66652) Borasisi-Pabu is a contact binary. In Chapter 4, I examine the non-Keplerian orbits of Hi'iaka and Namaka, the satellites of Haumea, showing that they are strongly affected by both inter-satellite gravitational interactions and precession caused by Haumea's nonspherical gravitational field. Future observations of the Haumea system, combined with non-Keplerian fitting, will sensitively probe Haumea's interior. Lastly, in Chapter 5, I explore the mutual orbits of Cold Classical TNO binaries using non-Keplerian orbit fitting. Out of a sample of 18 binaries, 6 have significantly non-Keplerian orbits, allowing detailed characterization of their system architecture. I find that 3 of these systems are best explained as hierarchical systems, while the remaining 3 are consistent with precession due to the Sun's gravitational influence. The hierarchical systems I find strongly support the streaming instability theory of planetesimal formation.

No / A new approach in achieving beam steering in array antenna is introduced using the genetic algorithm optimization. The binary switching technique uses simple binary ON/OFF diodes placed in the feeding network of the array element to achieve beam steering. Constantly feeding the driven element and continuous binary variation of the ON/OFF state of each parasitic array elements which determines its conducting ability defines a beam steering angle. Each beam steered angle is distinguished by series of binary combination determined by the genetic algorithm. A uniform circular array antenna consisting of 13 elements is used to implement this technique. The simulation and result analysis of the binary switched array is presented with several beam steering angles scanned.

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