This study falls into two parts. In Part 1 the development of ureterocolostomy techniques is first outlined. Then the literature is reviewed to give some indication of the frequency of renal damage and hyperchloraemic acidosis following ureterocolostomy. The apparent inability of more modern ureteral implantation methods to abolish these hazards is then considered.

In this thesis a review of the clinical status of total gastrectomy, With its various sequellae is submitted. The defective nutrition consequent upon such an operation is studied in the experimental animal, with special reference to fat absorption and alimentation time. Attempts to improve the nutrition in the gastrectomized dog are recorded using a ganglionic blocking agent, hexamethonium bromide, and short reversed segments of bowel left in continuity with the intestinal tract. [...]

Note: Missing pages 11 and 55. / Hypothermia is proving its value in surgery through its ability to reduce the basal metabolism and oxygen requirements of the body tissues. This enables the tissues to withstand prolonged periods of total or partial ischemia without injury. The vascular supply to organs may thus be occluded, allowing the surgeon to work in a comparatively bloodless field with little danger of tissue damage due to anoxia.

Gallbladder disease has doubtless been present for as long as man and animals have existed, and known for as long as cadavers have been opened. There is on record a case of gallstones in an Egyptian mummy of the 2lst Dynasty. (British Museum). Since the first report of gallstones in the 14th Century, extensive studies have been carried out in an effort to determine the etiology of the condition. [...]

Renal calcinosis is a well recognised entity to-day, occurring as a complication of a wide variety of clinical conditions. It is known to shorten the span of life of the individual in most cases bi-progressive renal insufficiency. There is an everyday growing interest in the subject leading to case presentations and to accumulation of a voluminous literature on its clinical, pathological and experimental aspects. The experimental work has been concerned with the production of renal calcinosis, along with studies of its physiochemical and pathological nature.

From our studies in biology we are taught that man, like many other mammals, is a homeothermic animal, capable of maintaining the constancy of his internal enviroment. Included in this milieu interieur of Claude Bernard is the maintenance in the constancy of the body temperature through a thermoregulating mechanism. Because of this mechanism man is a warm blooded animal in contrast to the so called poikilotherms or cold-blooded animals, whose body temperature varies with that of their environment.

In the last few years, increasing attention has been paid to the pharmacological, physiological and clinical role of histamine and related compounds in the tissues of the living organism, both human and in experimental animals. Although very little is known about the beneficial role of histamine in the physiological process, except of its secretagogue action on the gastric mucosa, much evidence has accumulated in the past to show its harmful effect on the living cell.

The clinical condition of acute gastric dilatation is of considerable importance to both surgeons and physicians because of the rather sudden onset and the frequently fatal outcome if one fails to recognize it immediately. Fortunately, the event is rare, nevertheless it is serious and embarrassing because it develops usually as an unexpected complication. It is known to follow trauma, infections and particularly surgical procedures. The incidence of gastric dilatation has decreased considerably since the introduction of methods of anaesthesia and of gastric intubation in abdominal procedures. However, it still remains a problem of unknown etiology in many of the cases studied.

<p> Proper English is an important skill, but using "to lie" and "to lay" correctly appears challenging, as even college students misuse these verbs. The current project assessed a treatment package that included fluency-based software to train three participants to correctly use "to lie" and "to lay." For each verb several meanings were identified. Model sentences were constructed from the definitions to form basic units. Each basic unit included examples (correct sentences) and non-examples (incorrect sentences) for one of the meanings of each verb. Participants practiced with each basic unit until fluent and then completed a cumulative unit based on all previous units before moving to a new basic unit. To assess whether the treatment package was effective, the units were embedded in a non-concurrent multiple-baseline design replicated across participants. The treatment package appeared to improve verb use for two participants and paradoxically worsened verb use for one participant. These findings and the implications for further research were discussed.</p>

Effective connectivity in functional neuroimaging studies is defined as the time dependent causal influence that a certain brain region of interest (ROI) exerts on another. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is regularly employed to analyze effective connectivity. In recent years, various SEM methods have been proposed to model effective connectivity. However, there has been little attempt to develop SEM methods for analyzing common patterns of effective connectivity across subjects despite the prevalence of multiple-subject research in effective connectivity. This dissertation proposes a method that fills this gap. This method is called dynamic generalized (multiple-set) structured canonical correlation analysis (dynamic GCANO). It combines generalized (multiple-set) canonical correlation analysis (GCANO) with a multivariate autoregressive time series model in a unified framework. This dissertation begins with a brief review of existing SEM techniques, and points out their limitations in analyzing multiple-subject effective connectivity data, which serves as a motivation to develop dynamic GCANO. The technical underpinnings of the proposed method are then stated, including specifications of a modeling framework and an optimization criterion for parameter estimation, which is minimized by an alternating least squares algorithm. The effectiveness of dynamic GCANO is demonstrated by analyzing both synthetic and real data sets. The former reveals reasonably good parameter recoveries by the proposed method, while the latter shows the usefulness of the method in empirical research. Several features of dynamic GCANO are highlighted through these examples. The dissertation concludes with possible extensions of the proposed method. / Suivant les méthodes d'imagerie fonctionnelle cérébrale, une connectivité efficace est définie comme influence dépendant de causalité temporelle qu'une certaine région d'intérêt du cerveau (ROI) exerce sur une autre. La modélisation par équation structurelle (SEM) est régulièrement utilisée pour analyser la connectivité efficace. Ces dernières années, diverses méthodes de SEM ont été proposées pour la modélisation de la connectivité efficace. Cependant, il y a eu peu de tentative pour développer des méthodes de SEM pour analyser les modèles communs de connectivité efficace sur-sujets, malgré la prédominance de recherche sur des sujets multiples pour analyser la connectivité efficace. Cette thèse propose une méthode qui comble cette lacune. Cette méthode est appelée dynamique généralisée (multiples ensemble) structuré l'analyse de corrélation canonique (dynamique GCANO). Elle combine généralisée (multiples ensemble) structuré l'analyse de corrélation canonique (GCANO) avec multivariée des séries chronologiques autorégressif dans un cadre unifié. Cette thèse commence par un bref sommaire sur les techniques existantes de SEM et souligne leurs limites pour analyser les données de plusieurs sous réserve pour la connectivité efficace, ce qui a mené à développer la dynamique GCANO. Les techniques de base de la méthode proposée sont ensuite énumérées, y compris les spécifications du cadre de modélisation et un critère d'optimisation pour l'estimation de paramètres, qui est réduit par alternant algorithme des moindres carrés. L'efficacité du dynamique GCANO est démontrée par l'analyse des ensembles de données synthétiques et réels. Les données synthétiques montrent une récupération raisonnable de paramètre par la méthode proposée, alors que les données réelles montrent l'utilité de la méthode dans les recherches empiriques. Plusieurs fonctionnalités du dynamique sont mises en évidence par le biais de ces exemples. En conclusion, la thèse propose des extensions possibles de la méthode proposée.