Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaf 29.

Photocopy of typescript. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'approches bioinformatiques exploitant de l'information de contextes génomiques et métaboliques afin de générer des annotations fonctionnelles de gènes prokaryotes, et comporte deux projets principaux. Le premier projet focalise sur les activités enzymatiques orphelines de séquence. Environ 27% des activités définies par le International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology sont encore aujourd'hui orphelines. Pour celles-ci, les méthodes bioinformatiques traditionnelles ne peuvent proposer de gènes candidats; il est donc impératif d'utiliser des méthodes exploitant des informations contextuelles dans ces cas. La stratégie CanOE (fishingCandidate genes for Orphan Enzymes) a été développée et rajoutée à la plateforme MicroScope dans ce but, intégrant des informations génomiques et métaboliques sur des milliers d'organismes prokaryotes afin de localiser des gènes probants pour des activités orphelines. Le projet miroir au précédent est celui des protéines de fonction inconnue. Un projet collaboratif a été initié au Genoscope afin de formaliser les stratégies d'exploration des fonctions de familles protéiques prokaryotes. Une version pilote du projet a été mise en place sur la famille “DUF849” dont une fonction enzymatique avait été récemment découverte. Des stratégies de proposition d'activités enzymatiques alternatives et d'établissement de sous familles isofonctionnelles ont été mises en place dans le cadre de cette thèse, afin de guider les expérimentations de paillasse et d'analyser leurs résultats. / The subject of this thesis concerns the development of bioinformatic strategies exploiting genomic and metabolic contextual information in order to generate functional annotations for prokaryote genes. Two main projects were involved during this work: the first focuses on sequence-orphan enzymatic activities. Today, roughly 27% of activities defined by International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology are sequence-orphans. For these, traditional bioinformatic approaches cannot propose candidate genes. It is thus imperative to use alternative, context-based approaches in such cases. The CanOE strategy fishing Candidate genes for Orphan Enzymes) was developed and added to the MicroScope bioinformatics platform in this aim. It integrates genomic and metabolic information across thousands of prokaryote genomes in order to locate promising gene candidates for orphan activities. The mirror project focuses on protein families of unknown function. A collaborative project has been set up at the Genoscope in hope of formalising functional exploration strategies for prokaryote protein families. A pilot version was created on the “DUF849” Pfam family, for which a single activity had recently been elucidated. Strategies for proposing novel functions and activities and creating isofunctional sub-families were researched, so as to guide biochemical experimentations and to analyse their results.

Master of Science / Department of Biology / Michael Tobler / Natural selection drives the evolution of traits to optimize organismal performance, but optimization of one aspect of performance can often influence other aspects of performance. Here, we asked how phenotypic variation between locally adapted fish populations affect locomotion and ventilation, testing for functional trade-offs as well as trait-performance correlations. Specifically, we investigated two populations of livebearing fish (Poecilia mexicana) that inhabit distinct habitat types (hydrogen-sulfide-rich springs and adjacent nonsulfidic streams). For each individual fish, we quantified different metrics of burst-start swimming during simulated predator attacks, steady swimming, as well as gill ventilation. Coinciding with theoretical predictions, we documented significant population differences in all aspects of performance, with fish from sulfidic habitats exhibiting higher steady swimming performance and higher ventilation capacity but slower burst-starts. There was a significant functional trade-off between steady and burst-speed swimming, but not between different aspects of locomotion and ventilation, indicating modularity of traits associated with either aspect of function. While our findings about population differences in locomotion performance largely parallel the results from previous studies, we provide novel insights about how morphological variation might impact ventilation and ultimately oxygen acquisition. Overall, our analyses provided insights into the functional consequences of previously documented phenotypic variation, which will help to disentangle the effects of different sources of selection that may coincide along complex environmental gradients.

L'évaluation de la carcinose péritonéale (CP) reste difficile et peu standardisée. Nous avons évalué différentes techniques de suivi de la CP en imagerie fonctionnelle, afin de mieux comprendre l'évolution microcirculatoire de la maladie, la valeur des différents biomarqueurs disponibles et essayer de construite une méthodologie d'évaluation multiparamétrique fonctionnelle.Nous avons établi un modèle murin orthotopique de pseudomyxome péritonéale (PMP). Nous avons suivi la perfusion tumorale par échographie Doppler de l'artère mésentérique supérieure (AMS), et montré une accélération des flux au sein de l'AMS accompagnant le développement de la tumeur, ainsi qu'une diminution de ces flux chez les souris traitées par bévacizumab.Puis, nous avons évalué la microcirculation au sein même de la tumeur. Nous avons ainsi pu montrer dans le modèle murin de PMP et dans un modèle de carcinose murine une bonne reproductibilité pour mesurer la valeur du coefficient apparent de diffusion dans la tumeur ainsi que les paramètres de microcirculation extraits par la méthode Intra-Voxe Incoherent Motion (IVIM) en utilisant une séquence d'imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) de type HASTE avec un équipement clinique standard à 1.5T. Nous avons ensuite appliqué la méthode IVIM pour le suivi de PMP de souris traitée par anti-angiogénique (sorafénib).L'application de ces méthodes d'imagerie fonctionnelle, combinées entre elles pourraient permettre de construire des modèles prédictifs et de suivi chez les patients atteints de PMP et de proposer des stratégies thérapeutiques personnalisées très précocement au cours de la maladie.5 IRM de diffusion6 Echographie doppler3 Imagerie fonctionnelle 74 Pseudomyxome péritonéal / Assessment of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) remains difficult and not well standardized. We have evaluated different techniques for monitoring CP using functional imaging, in order to better understand the microcirculation and the evolution of the disease, the value of various biomarkers available and we tries to establish methodology for functional multiparametric evaluation of the disease.We have established an orthotopic model of peritoneal pseudomyxoma (PMP). We have monitored the tumor perfusion by Doppler ultrasound of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and showed an increase in blood flow velocities in the SMA accompanying the development of the tumor, as well as a decrease of these flows in mice treated with bevacizumab.Then, we evaluated the microcirculation within the tumor itself. We have thus shown in the murine model of PMP and in a murine model of PC a good reproducibility of the measurement of the value of the apparent diffusion coefficient in the tumor as well as the microcirculation parameters extracted by the Intra-Voxel Incoherent Motion technique (IVIM) Using a HASTE magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence with standard clinical equipment at 1.5T. We then applied the IVIM method for the monitoring of anti-angiogenic (sorafenib) -treated mouse PMP.The combined application of these functional imaging methods, may allow to construct predictive and follow-up models in patients with PMP and to propose personalized therapeutic strategies very early in the evolution of the disease.

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<p>The aim of this study was to examine if it was possible to improve fitness and strength in young ice hockey players with help of a training programme based on functional training and aerobic training. The training programme was performed on Halmstad Hockey U-16 team where 17 boys participated in the study. We performed the training in a period of sex weeks with three training occasions each week. These consisted of two functional training sessions and one fitness session. In the beginning we emphasized the importance of a correct performance and technique. Two test methodes were used to see if the training had given result, Åstrand bicycle ergometer test and Square hop test.</p><p>The result of the training was an increase in leg and trunk strength and fitness on the majority of the participants.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1970. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaf 80). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Monterey Institute of International Studies, 2002. / Partial translation of: The wrinkle cure.

No description available.