Bonn, Universiẗat, Diss., 2009.

Zugl.: Salzburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (M.A.. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Donald Abenheim, Edwin R. Micewski. Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

Zugl.: Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2009

The main objective of this study is to search, using both theoretical analysis and empirical evidence for the European case, for the strategy to be followed for the creation of a monetary union among a group of countries, and to derive the conditions which have to be fulfilled in order to make such a strategy viable. The theoretical foundations for the creation of a monetary union are set out. The European realities suggest gradualistic approaches. Theoretical analysis of the strategy of economic policy coordination takes place in terms of all of the above considerations. Analysis then follows on the extent to which this strategy, implemented in Europe since the early seventies, has been successful. Finally, in the light of this analysis and analysis of other proposals, a conclusion is reached on which should be the preferred strategy, and how it should be established successfully. The move towards exchange rate fixity has implications for members' objectives and policies. The European arrangements were inadequate and did not pay sufficient attention to important issues which remained unsolved. Economic discipline was not forced and members' objectives diverged considerably. Policies did not depict any coordination pattern. As a result the 1972 intra-European exchange rate arrangements failed. Other undesirable implications also followed. Policy coordination still seems to be the preferable approach provided that important changes take place, and measures to eventually develop centralisation are taken. The decision to create a European monetary system is judged in view of these conclusions. Major weaknesses remain and the system's ability to guarantee long-run stability is questioned. Important changes are necessary for the Community to embark on the path to a monetary union. Indications are not encouraging, while important obstacles to the changes remain.

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... Im Hinblick auf den Beitritt zur Europäischen Union wurden schon zahlreiche Anpassungen und Verbesserungen hinsichtlich der Ausfuhrförderung in Österreich in Angriff genommen wurden. Die Exportförderung ist nicht immer im Sinne von staatlichen Beihilfen zu verstehen. Exportförderung kann ebenso gleichbedeutend mit "export promotion" im Sinne von Unterstützung und nicht Förderung interpretiert werden, wenn z.B. ein bestimmtes Instrumentarium zur Verfügung gestellt wird oder es sich um allgemein zugängliche Maßnahmen im Informationsbereich, etc. handelt. Grundsätzlich entspricht die Praxis der österreichischen Exportförderung zwar dem Standard anderer Mitgliedstaaten und steht mit der Ausnahme von kleinen Bereichen (z.B. Förderung von Vertriebseinrichtungen im Ausland) in keinem Widerspruch zur Wettbewerbskonzeption der Union, dennoch können aufgrund der österreichischen Rechtslage Verstöße gegen den Art. 92 EG-V nicht vollkommen ausgeschlossen werden. Für die Zukunft sind jedenfalls weitere maßgebliche Schritte geplant, die zur Weiterentwicklung des Exportförderungssystems im Sinne der wettbewerbspolitischen Ziele der EU und einer markt- und kundengerechten Ausgestaltung des Systems beitragen sollen. (Abstract) / Series: EI Working Papers / Europainstitut

The European Union (EU) and Australia share a significant volume of historical connections in languages, cultures, economic and trade relationships, political views and ideas. These associations have had different levels of strength and frequencies in the past, depending on how these two political entities interacted with each other in the framework of international relations. Australia and the EU jointly developed an important political and socio-economic basis for working together, and cooperation between them is deeper and more common than the public might perceive to be the case. The EU is a growing superstructure; meanwhile Australia is a developed and successful nation, a successful democracy and a middle power. Nevertheless, Australia cannot expect to match the power and position of a polity, which comprises 28 different countries. This fact can produce a certain asymmetric relationship in the connection between these two political entities' communities. These asymmetric elements in the collaboration between them are liable to create certain discrepancies and disharmonies in the development of their different agreements in general. This thesis aims to examine the scope and depth of the EU-Australia working relationship, the convergent and the divergent issues within it. This exploration provides an analysis of the philosophical and sociological foundations of international relations in general, with special regard to the framework of sociological constructivism and sociological institutionalism, as possible catalysers in the growth and furtherance of the many-sided EU-Australia collaboration. To reach the most effective and efficient cooperation between the European Union and Australia, which includes the efforts to alleviate the urgent environmental sustainability and related problems regionally, and in a globalising world, will go a long way to create peace, security, and prosperity in Eurasia and in the Pacific. The EU-Australia mutual relationship is facilitated through shared values, norms and normative principles, such as the constitutive norms of liberty, democracy, good governance; the regulative norms of the centrality of peace, human rights, social solidarity, environmental sustainability; and the evaluative norms of the rule of law, transparency, human dignity and anti-discrimination. The willingness of the European Union and Australia to partake in a joint experience of continuous social learning process, provide them the power to achieve their aims together in a changing world.