This thesis examines the concepts of value creation, capture and exchange in limiting the liability of newness for nonprofit museums entering the sector. There has been considerable examination of cultural value in relation to museums. However, little is known about how value is created, captured and exchanged for stakeholders in new museums. It is posited that value creation, capture and exchange constitute a value cycle. Through this value cycle management in new museums detects and limits the liability of newness. The ability to detect and limit the liability of newness enables the continuation of the museum. If the liability of newness is not limited, it may mean that a new museum exits the sector or is transformed. The concept of a value cycle is derived from an examination of the nonprofit management literature, aspects of the for-profit management literature and the arts and museum management literature. Value creation is a key concept in the three literature areas. Value creation in this context, is specifically defined as the worth of the physical manifestation of the museum. It resides in the building and the collection, services and programs within the building. It is suggested that this value needs to be transformed and consumed by a range of stakeholders. The transformation of value creation is denoted as value capture. Value capture is the appeal of programs, projects and activities. Value capture includes how well the products and services align with particular stakeholders, how accountable the managers are to stakeholders and how products and services are consumed by stakeholders. The measure of how managers have been able to capture value is in the realm of value exchange. Value exchange is the merit of programs, projects and activities. Value exchange is in the form of revenue raised through sponsorship; continuation of revenue investment by the principal stakeholder, the state; time and money transacted by visitors; and intangible exchange such as leadership and reputation enhancement through collaborations. A Value Cycle Framework of New Entrant Museums is then developed as a working analytical tool to assess how the value cycle operates and how the liability of newness is detected and limited by museum management. x The Value Cycle Framework is used to assess four cases. These case studies include the National Museum of Australia as a purpose built new entrant; the Australian National Maritime Museum as a purpose built new entrant; the Mint as a recycled new entrant; and the Earth Exchange as a refurbished new entrant. Each case is assessed discretely using secondary and primary source material and analysing qualitative data generated from interviews with key stakeholders. The cases are then compared in order to track similarities and differences in relation to value creation, capture and exchange. The research findings suggest that a value cycle is operating in relation to new entrant museums. This value cycle is dynamic and non-sequential. Until value creation is floated for a range of stakeholders it is difficult for managers to know the worth of their content, location or their building. Value creation is a nominal starting point, signifying the arrival of a new entrant in the museum marketplace. However, value capture is the zone that is the most vulnerable and volatile for managers of new museums. Typically in these case studies value capture includes a disruptive episode, such as a review process that indicates the liability of newness. Managers within the museum who can respond and resolve contradictions between museological beliefs and the demands of stakeholders (and in so doing limit the liability of newness) are likely to continue museum operations. Senior executives who find such reconciliation more difficult, jeopardize the future operations of the museum to such an extent that the museums close or are transformed within the museum sector. Through these four case studies a revised Value Cycle Framework is developed as an analytical device. This analytical framework can assist in understanding the processes involved in new entry for museums.

The thesis is aiming to analyze the method of value creation in mergers and acquisitions. The introductory chapter includes a general classification and framework for terms like value; synergies; and basic valuation models. The following chapter introduces valuation models which are more oriented towards shareholder value, generally speaking, frameworks introduced by Value Based Management: Economic Value Added, Economic Profit or Cash Value Added. Economic Value Added is described through three adjusted EVA models in the next chapter: (1) The impact of MVA on the negotiation position of parties in M&A, (2) EVA Style of Investing model, which is applied as a screening tool for value creators, (3) EVA Momentum model. In the closing chapter all three models are applied and conclusions and recommendations are drawn. The three models enable us for example to identify industries worth investing in or to understand how specific companies create value and how to set up an optimal price negotiation strategy.

The study explored how private firms and their constituents capture value through Public-Private Collaboration (PPC) in South Africa. Partnerships are touted as key enablers of firm innovation and value creation in an increasingly complex global context. Yet, very few studies have provided the evidence base of value creation and capture beyond the ‘feel good’ process considering integrated value for firms. Nor is there clarity on how value can be planned for, operationalised and measured for improved management practice. This study progressed knowledge on practice and evaluation of PPC processes for firms by going beyond traditional linear models that have been found to be deficient in complex contexts. A qualitative case study was explored in the mining sector to provide richer and deeper insights into PPC processes from a firm perspective in its collaboration with government entities. The study provided the evidence base and indicators of value creation and capture for a private firm through a PPC process, exposed generalised assumptions, disaggregated value dimensions, and foregrounded a foundational multi-dimensional model and partnership value framework. The study contributed an integrated strategic value lens and the choices made in aggregation and disaggregation of value constructs in diverse contexts. It demonstrated new combinations of constructs whereby PPC processes created sources of competitive, collaborative and societal advantage for firms through mediated pathways. Contextualised concepts and data gathering of use value, exchange value and transformative value offered the evidence called for on value capture through PPC processes. It revealed the need to disaggregate value dimensions such as intellectual, relational and political value from social value. The role of PPC processes in Balancing Accountability between public and private sectors was suggested as a concept in progressing the field of cross-sector governance. A multi-dimensional model is presented reflecting the iterative and evolving nature of PPC processes and the interaction between value creation and value capture. An extended value indicator framework aims to aid in operationalising the assessment of PPC processes. The study promotes PPC processes as a mechanism to operationalise concepts such as Creating Shared Value (CSV) and respond to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / PhD / Unrestricted

Examensarbetet har utförts på Swegon AB i Kvänum som utvecklar, tillverkar och säljer klimatanläggningar för inomhusbruk. Ledningen vill se en mer strukturerad hantering av de kostnadsreduceringsarbeten som Swegon utför på sina produkter. Swegon arbetar med kostnadsreducering genom att använda metoden VAVE (Value Analysis/Value Engineering). Uppdraget som gavs var att reducera rörliga kostnader på sortimentet Compact och för att klara detta vara koordinatorer i en VAVE. I uppdraget ingick även en granskning av metoden samt att lämna förbättringsförslag som leder till att både deltagare och ledning blir nöjda med arbetssättet. Åtgärderna som bör genomföras går främst ut på att minska resurser som krävs för att utföra en VAVE. Detta uppdrag resulterade i två frågeställningar: 1. Vilka förändringar kan hittas med VAVE, som minskar rörliga kostnader vid tillverkning av Compact-aggregat?   2. Finns det förbättringar som kan implementeras i Swegons VAVE?   För att besvara frågeställning ett krävs det fullt deltagande vid förberedelse inför workshopen och under workshopen. Något som inte har genomförts är deltagande efter workshopen då det hamnar utanför examensarbetets ram. För att besvara frågeställning två krävs en analys av metoden VAVE, jämförelser med liknande metoder och teorier och egna erfarenheter från den genomförda VAVEn. Intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudie har utförts för att få den kunskaps som krävs för att besvara frågeställningarna.   Resultatet av arbetet är förslag på åtgärder som kan införas för att minska de rörliga tillverkningskostnaderna för Compact-sortimentet med hela 12,3 %. Åtgärderna består främst av omkonstruktion och byte av befintliga komponenter. De åtgärder som ger störst besparingar planeras att ta längre tid än tolv månader vilket resulterade i ett projekt som kommer att genomföras i framtiden när resurser är tillgängliga. Resultatet är även en förbättrad version av VAVE där överflödiga moment har plockats bort samt moment som kan förbättra resultatet har lagts till eller ändrats. De moment som har plockats bort är protypbyggnation innan workshop, relationsmatris och paretodiagram. De moment som har lagts till eller ändrats är produktspecifikation, kundkrav, produktkalkyl, utvärdering och presentation av workshop.   Vidare arbete som kan vara lämpligt är att undersöka resultatet av den nya versionen av VAVE genom att utföra den ett antal gånger och jämföra resultaten med Swegons nuvarande version. / This assignment was performed at Swegon AB in Kvänum, a company that develops, manufactures and sells indoor air conditioning systems. The head management was looking for a more structured method when trying to reduce costs on their products. When constructing a cost reduction evaluation, Swegon uses the VAVE method (Value analysis/Value engineering). The assignment was to reduce the variable costs on Swegons Compact assortment, as well as being coordinates in a VAVE-evaluation. Furthermore the assignment also included a review of the VAVE method and submitting suggestions on improvements that could be made to reduce costs at the same time as both employees and management are satisfied. The measures to be made are focused on reducing the costs of constructing a VAVE evaluation. This resulted in two questions: 1. What changes could be made by using VAVE that would reduce variable costs when manufacturing the Compact products? 2. Are there any improvements to be implemented in Swegons VAVE? To answer question one, full participation was needed both when preparing the workshop and during the workshop. As participation after the workshop are outside the frames of the assignment, that was left out. To answer question two, a thorough investigation of the VAVE method was needed, as well as a comparison to similar methods and experiences from the carried out VAVE. Interviews, observations and document analysis were also done in order to answer the questions in the best way possible. As a result, the assignment suggests implementations that would reduce the variable manufacturing costs on the Compact assortment by as much as 12.3%. The measures are focused on reconstruction and change of existing components. Measures giving the highest savings are estimated to run over more than 12 months and therefore resulted in a project that will be carried out in the future when resources are available. The assignment also resulted in an improved version of VAVE where unnecessary steps are removed and elements that can enhance the results are added or changed. The removed steps is make a prototype before the workshop, relationship matrix and pareto chart. The added or changed steps is product specification, customer demands, cost breakdown, evaluation and presentation of the workshop. Suggestions on further work in this area would be to evaluate the results of the new version of VAVE, by using it multiple times and then compare it to the version that Swegon currently uses.

I examine whether religiosity is positively associated with the valuation multiples investors assign to fair valued items that are prone to managerial bias. Using a sample of U.S. banking firms, I find that the value relevance of net assets that are hard to verify is higher for firms located in more religious areas than for those located in less religious areas. Moreover, I hypothesize and find that audit quality and firm information environment quality moderate the positive association between religiosity and value relevance. I perform several robustness checks. First, I rule out several alternative explanations to my results. Second, I address the concern that my results suffer from an omitted correlated variable problem. Third, I show that my results hold for firms located in Urban as well as Rural areas. / Thesis (Ph.D, Management) -- Queen's University, 2013-11-28 11:01:35.578

Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Manuscript. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 293-303). / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 一 --- 前言 --- p.3 / Chapter 二 --- 清初國用與田賦逋欠情形 --- p.9 / Chapter 甲 --- 三藩平定以前的國用 --- p.9 / Chapter 乙 --- 三藩平定以前的田賦逋欠 --- p.24 / Chapter 丙 --- 三藩平定以後的國用 --- p.36 / Chapter 丁 --- 藩平定以後的田賦逋欠 --- p.49 / Chapter 三 --- 清初田賦逋欠原因的探討(一)──滿清的統治政策與田賦逋欠 --- p.61 / Chapter 四 --- 清初田賦逋欠原因的探討(二)──民欠的形成 --- p.73 / Chapter 甲 --- 加派與民欠 --- p.73 / Chapter 乙 --- 田賦負擔的不均與民欠 --- p.95 / Chapter 丙 --- 田賦的貨幣化與民欠 --- p.132 / Chapter 丁 --- 自然災害與民欠 --- p.162 / Chapter 五 --- 清初田賦逋欠原因的探討(三)──官欠的形成 --- p.194 / Chapter 六 --- 結論 --- p.245 / Chapter 七 --- 註釋 --- p.256 / Chapter 八 --- 參考書目 --- p.293

Use value and exchange value, concepts explored by Aristotle, are terms dealing with the natural function of an object and the object's worth in an exchange, respectively. In this work, Aristotle's concepts are applied to contemporary marketing practices and other aspects of culture in order to evaluate the way in which meaning is ascribed to objects. The role of the brand, for example, is to alter the exchange value of an object, while the use value can be left unchanged. Brands are indicative of exchange value because they have no substance to speak of, and they are a matter of convention; what they are and what they stand for is in no way fixed. Marketing practitioners develop brands largely by fusing objects with culture, and culture as well as cultural perceptions can change. As a reflection of culture, marketing practitioners use stories and identities in much the same way that culture independent of marketing would ascribe meaning. While branding and other marketing practices rely extensively on culture to form their bases, they are not the only source of cultural meaning because factors such as family and tradition also have influence. When factors such as these imbue objects with meaning, they, too, can affect exchange value, but they have origins outside the marketplace. I use the term narrative value to differentiate this source of meaning from marketing practices. Narrative value has to do with tradition and collective understandings of community, whereas brands are constructed by external means, as works of fiction. When culture is placed in objects as a reflection of the marketplace, the culture lacks the structure and durability of more traditional culture, and such ascribed meaning can be easily altered or eradicated. Narrative value, then, is an idea separate from marketing yet with the ability to impact worth in exchange. / McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts; / Communication and Rhetorical Studies / PhD / Dissertation

According to the USDA, there were 52.7 million marketings of cattle through live and internet auction markets and other venues in 2005. With the national average herd size at 43 head, most producers have limited bargaining power when it comes to marketing and auctioning their cattle. This has led to the birth of numerous value added cattle programs in the U.S. Value added programs are named as such, because they add additional value to the cattle before they are sold, but this value is difficult to quantify. The objective of this research was to measure the value of characteristics of feeder cattle sold through auction markets and special source verified feeder cattle sales, specifically the value of participating in these value added programs. Data over seven years from regular and special feeder cattle sales at Joplin Regional Stockyards were used. The effects of explanatory variables on sale price were analyzed using ordinary least squares regression hedonic model. Type of sale, seasonality, cyclical effects, lot size, weight, breed type, sex, commingling, fed cattle futures price, and corn price were all found to have an impact on the sale price of feeder cattle. Feeder calves sold through MFA Health Track Beef Alliance and other value added programs received a premium over those calves that sold through regular sales and the premiums for MFA and other value added programs were statistically different. Commingled lots of feeder cattle received a discount in comparison with non-commingled lots, but a lot size of 17 head would offset the negative effect of commingling. The predictive power of the hedonic model was tested using out of sample forecasting. The mean absolute percent error and root mean square error are indicators of the ability of the model to forecast sale price based on the measured impact of the explanatory variables. When the hedonic model was used for forecasting the out of sample data, the MAPE was 7.84 and the RMSE was 10.48.

There are consumers who engage in innovation and who cocreate value together with other consumers, and with producers, in relation to products. This thesis has the purpose of exploring the nature of this ‘active consumer’ from a firm perspective, and thereby providing an answer to the thesis-level research question: ‘What are the implications of the active consumer on innovation and marketing practices?’ Four papers, drawing on research in the fields of consumer innovation and value cocreation, are presented that contain findings about the knowledge of the active consumer (Paper I), support (Paper II) and management (Paper III) of the active consumer, and challenges with the active consumer (Paper IV). The papers rest on two research efforts: a study of the video game industry that includes an investigation of a game developer and a netnography of its consumer community and a study of the entire development of a customer loyalty card by a leading grocery retailer. The insights into the active consumer gained from the four papers are analyzed against the thesis-level research question using an explanatory lens that is developed through the notion of practice, rendering a discussion about the implications of the active consumer on the scripts of innovation and marketing practices. The thesis is concluded with a discussion of its contributions and implications for innovation and marketing scholars and managers.

Since the economic cooperation and relaxation in politic between the Two Coasts, their relationships were getting closer. That included more active in marriage, corporate investment, education, academic discussion and tourism. Especially after the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA) being signed in 2010, the relationships had been developed from politically mutual understanding to legal relationship in administration contract binding. Such model was different from Hong Kong or Macao. Since the relationship had changed from opposing to cooperation for mutual benefits, the economy was receiving more advantages and the political environment was more stable of which the development of economic was highly relying on this. As a result of the active economic cooperation of the Two Coasts, the marriage and residency between the Two Coasts were also increased. The acceptance of students from mainland to study in Taiwan caused mainland student population increased rapidly. The frequent and complex exchanges between the Two Coasts attracted certain parties trying to take illegal benefit by improper acts. They tried to make use on the differences in security and legal policies to avoid from investigation. Typical examples are the crime involved serious injury, fraud and economic offenses that affected the social orders of the Two Coasts. Policing System covered a wide scope from government organization, establishment of police force, residency, transport, communication, port services¡K etc to the investigation of criminal cases. No matter which point of view was taking from, the ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was always the foundation of Police Administration. It represented the ¡§peripheral organization¡¨ and ¡§integrated individual execution unit¡¨ under the huge police structure. The community residents¡¦ impressions on the Police Organisation were mostly coming from the ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Hence, citizen¡¦s understanding on Policing would be started from ¡§Community Policing¡¨. Nowadays the society was built with the city. The society¡¦s security was highly replying on the city¡¦s security. At the same time, the city¡¦s security was dependent on the non-existence of criminal acts from the ¡§Community¡¨. It showed that ¡§Community Policing¡¨ was of high importance to the National Security and the peaceful of the Society. The above statements formed the basic in this research. This research started from literature review in history, definition and the content of Community Policing. That focused in the worldwide Community Policing Policy, in particularly Japan and US, in terms of policy design and administration. In Chapter 3 Research Design Section, a review was conducted which was based on Professor Wang Ming Seng¡¦s Public Affair Management (PAM) and supported by the theory under SDM. This review analyzed the demand and its strength on Community Policing at different stages in history under different conditions. Such conclusion formed the comparison and cooperation basis between the Two Coasts in terms of social economy, legal framework, government policy and organization management. Then the public value of Community Policing was reviewed using public value V.C.S. theory. If the development and exchange between the Two Coasts generate public value, Governments of the Two Coasts can then make decision in cooperation accordingly. When the Governments promoting the cooperation between the Two Coasts in Community Policing, due to a wide consideration range and involved several areas of concern, it was necessary to unify the analysis by cross boundary analysis theory. The root problem could then be identified and decision proposal could be made according to the decision and judgment theory. On the other hand, such decision could be affected by the special non-rational ideology and political election strategy of Southern Taiwan. It tried to lead group behavior of Southern Taiwan so as to achieve personal political benefits. During the cross boundary analysis, the success rating of analysis and suggested proposals could be determined in ten steps with study behind the ideology. After strict theory analysis, the Community Policing practices of Kaohsiung City and Shanghai City were reviewed. Finally, the author summarized the findings from cooperation topics between the Two Coasts and offered suggestions to some queries under the findings. That formed references to interested parties in the production, government and academic organizations.