No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D - Hydrology and Water Resources) / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-221).

The solubility of diuron was determined in binary and ternary cosolvent-water systems. The binary systems were composed of a completely miscible organic solvent (CMOS) and water while the ternary systems incorporate partially miscible organic solvents (PMOS) into the binary systems. Due to the low aqueous solubilities of trichloroethylene and toluene, the PMOS's do not behave as cosolvents and they do not play an important role in altering solubility.

M.Sc. / Dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are groups of chemicals often found beneath the water surface when chemical contamination of water occurs and they are called groundwater contaminants. Their improper storage and extensive use in industries as well as their slow degradation provide a long term source for of low level contamination of ground- and river water. Evidence from both human and animal studies suggests that volatile organic and organochlorinated compounds (specific types of DNAPLs), may increase host susceptibility to microbial infection, induce alterations in the maturation of effector immune cells and compromise immune surveillance mechanisms. These effects of DNAPLs hold special relevance for people living with HIV/AIDS. In light of this, the present study investigated the in vitro immunological effects of the two most common DNAPLs contaminants, Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Aroclor-1254 (ARO) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of immunocompromised and healthy donors. TCE and ARO were successfully dissolved in cell culture medium and added to freshly isolated PBMCs in a 1:1 ratio. Following incubation, cell functionality and cytotoxicity (or immunotoxicity) were assessed using MTT and LDH. Viability was confirmed and/or cell death analyzed by flow cytometry. Culture supernatants were used to assess NO and cytokine production as well as for quantification of viral replication. TCE and ARO induced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in cell viability/functionality in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis of cell death pathways indicated that TCE and ARO induced apoptosis. These chemicals also induced the secretion of both NO and proinflammatory cytokines suggesting that they may induce apoptosis via an inflammatory pathway, which may explain the mitochondrial dysfunction as determined by the MTT assay. ARO effects were more prominent than those of TCE, and both were more detrimental to HIV positive PBMCs compared to uninfected cells. The viral p24 levels increased in a dose-dependent fashion suggesting an effect for TCE and ARO on viral replication. This research concludes that DNAPL-contamination is detrimental to especially immuno-compromised systems.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. / Committee Chair: Löffler, Frank E.; Committee Member: Hughes, Joseph B.; Committee Member: Pennell, Kurt D.; Committee Member: Spain, Jim C.; Committee Member: Taillefert, Martial

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 469-477). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

No description available.

The effectiveness of a cyclodextrin (sugar-based) solution for enhancedsolubilization removal of multicomponent nonaqueous phase organic liquid (NAPL) contamination from an aquifer is tested in a pilot-scale field experiment. This effort is the first field test of this innovative technology, termed a "Complexing Sugar Flush" (CSF). The saturated zone within an enclosed cell was flushed with 8 pore volumes of 10wt% cyclodextrin solution. The cyclodextrin solution increased the aqueous concentrations of all the target contaminants to values from about 100 to more than 20,000 times the concentrations obtained during a water flush conducted immediately prior to the CSF. The degree of solubility enhancement was greater for the morehydrophobic contaminants. Conversely, the relative mass removal was greater for the less-hydrophobic compounds due to their generally higher apparent solubilities. The average reduction in NAPL mass for the target contaminants was about 41%. A relationship is developed to describe enhanced dissolution of a multiple-component NAPL, and is used to analyze the field data. The effluent concentrations for most of the target contaminants during the cyclodextrin flush were within a factor of two of the equilibrium values predicted using this theory. Deviations from ideal dissolution behavior were also observed. Finally, the cyclodextrin solution appeared to significantly enhance both the magnitude and the rate of NAPL dissolution compared to a water flush conducted prior to the cyclodextrin flush. These results contribute to a better understanding of the important physicochemical processes involved in using enhancedsolubilization agents for the remediation of multiple-component NAPLs.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2008. / "May 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-87). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 342-347). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.