This research study investigated the effectiveness of a direct instruction program (Treatment 2) for increasing compliance with teachers' instructions in students for whom manipulation of conventional antecedent stimuli and consequences {Treatment 1) had not resulted in adequate compliance. Five students participated in this study. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to evaluate treatment effectiveness. Introduction of Treatment 2 was followed by an increase in compliance by all five participants. The relationship between compliance and other appropriate classroom behaviors, as well as the relationship between compliance and qualitatively good and qualitatively poor instructions, was also investigated. Those relationships were found to exist, but they were not as strong as had been reported in earlier studies. Generalization of participants' compliance with qualitatively good instructions across school staff occurred. With the exception of one participant, increases in compliance with qualitatively good instructions were maintained for up to eight weeks. Limitations of the present study and suggestions for future research are presented.

Research on child misbehavior has examined the influence of many factors, including the child’s typical behaviors and functioning, child temperament, parenting strategies, parental stress, parental attributions, perceptions of parenting, and parental tolerance.The concept of parental tolerance has recently been advocated as an important variable influencing child misbehavior by Brestan, Eyberg, Algina, Johnson, and Boggs (2003) who developed two parent report measures for it. The present study investigated the validity of one of these measures, the Child Rearing Inventory (CRI). In the present study, parental tolerance as measured by the CRI was compared to other standardized measures of parent and child behaviors and observational data obtained from mother and child interactions. Scores on the CRI were expected to correlate with scores on the Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI), Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2), Parenting Stress Index/Short Form (PSI/SF), and Perceptions of Parenting Inventory (POPI), and the frequency of directives, prompts, and criticisms. However, only one of the hypotheses was partially supported, where there was a significant positive correlation between scores on the CRI and the number of directives regarding the child leaving the area. The reliability of the CRI in the present study is questionable, due to an alpha of .64. This was compared to good alpha levels of .88 and .93 on the ECBI scales. The findings of the study demonstrate the need for further study of the CRI as a measure of parental tolerance, investigating its reliability with a younger age range, before exploring the validity further.

MCur / Department of Advanced Nursing Science / Noncompliance with antihypertensive treatment is a challenge for uncontrolled hypertension in both high income and middle income countries. Compliance to antihypertensive treatment and lifestyle modification plays a significant role in the control of hypertension and reduces the cardiovascular morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe contributory factors of noncompliance to treatment among patients diagnosed with hypertension in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province The study was conducted at the regional Hospital and nine Primary Health Care facilities in the rural community in the Vhembe District of the Limpopo Province. The study population consisted of those patients diagnosed with hypertension receiving treatment from the ten sampled health facilities. In this study, the target population included 134 noncompliant patients diagnosed with hypertension taking treatment at the sampled health facilities. This study used simple random sampling. The instrument used for data collection was self-administered questionnaire. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The results of this current study reveal that participants aged 40 years and above (85.1%) were noncompliant to treatment compared to those of the same or less than 40 years old (14.9%). Also, it indicated that females were more frequently noncompliant to treatment (73.1%) compared to males (26.9%), which was statistically significant. The study revealed that the unmarried participants (64.9%) were more non-compliant with treatment when compared to the married participants (35.1%). The current findings demonstrate that 40.3% of noncompliant participants mentioned the reason being that they were feeling well. Various factors related to participants’ noncompliance with their antihypertensive treatment and lifestyle modification regimen were described. Health education should cover the nature of hypertension specifically emphasising causes, severity and potential complications. / NRF