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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
161

Identificação e caracterização de não-linearidades em dinâmica estrutural / Identification and characterization of nonlinearities in structural dynamics

Marcelo Gustavo de Souza 24 March 2008 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo principal realizar uma investigação sobre técnicas de identificação e caracterização de não linearidades em dinâmica estrutural. Em particular, busca-se aplicar as transformadas de Hilbert e Hilbert-Huang na identificação e caracterização de um sistema estrutural composto de uma viga metálica em balanço com uma massa concentrada em sua extremidade livre e apresentando uma não linearidade cúbica. Este efeito não linear é obtido através de um fio metálico tracionado que é fixo à extremidade livre da viga em balanço. O sistema é modelado através de ferramentas analíticas convencionais e o modelo do sistema é usado em simulações numéricas. Ensaios experimentais de vibração livre são realizados e os sinais medidos são usados como dados de entradas nas transformadas afim de se investigar o fenômeno não linear presente na estrutura. Os resultados simulados numéricamente apresentaram uma excelente correlação com os resultados experimentais no que se refere à identificação e caracterização do efeito não linear cubico presente no sistema. Algumas distorções entre resultados simulados e experimentais foram observados no que se refere à quantificação do parâmetro não linear, mas de forma geral, as técnicas empregadas produziram resultados bastante satisfatórios. / The major goal of this dissertation is to investigate currently available techniques to the identification and characterization of nonlinearities in structural dynamics. Particular attention is paid to the application of the Hilbert and Hilbert-Huang transforms in the nonlinearity identification and characterization process. For that purpose, a structural system composed of a steel cantilever beam carrying a lumped mass at its free end is used. The nonlinear effect is introduced by attaching the lumped mass to a thin steel wire that is positioned transversely to the beam\'s longitudinal axis. By varying the traction force on this wire different levels of nonlinearity can be observed on the beam\'s bending motion when it undergoes free vibrations. The system analytical model is obtained by employing standard modeling techniques and this model is used in numerical simulations. An experimental survey is carried out on an actual prototype in order to provide a comparison basis for the numerically simulated results. The output vibration signals resulting from either the numerical simulations and experimental tests are then used with the transform methods studied and the results are compared. A good correlation is observed between numerical and experimental data, what is a clear indication of the robustness of the Hilbert and Hilbert-Huang transforms.
162

CONTRIBUIÇÕES AO ESTUDO DA NÃO-LINEARIDADE FÍSICA EM VIGAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO / CONTRIBIUTIONS AT THE ESTUDY OF MATERIAL NONLINEARITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Silva, Aline Alessandra Eduarda Farias da 01 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work refers to consideration of the effects of material nonlinearity applied to the behavior of reinforced concrete beams subjected to simple bending. The importance of the topic is highlight, as well as several works stemming from this study. The nonlinear behavior of steel and concrete are described along with understanding the manifestation of material nonlinearity. The constitutive models discussed and used in structural analysis are based on moment-curvature diagrams. The types of analysis and the approximate methods of the Brazilian standard NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2007) for the consideration of material nonlinearity in the verification of limit states (Ultimate and Service) are discussed. In numerical examples, the efficiency of constitutive models that employ moment-curvature relationship is verified by comparing with experimental results of reinforced concrete beams. The results of approximate methods are compared with those obtained by nonlinear analysis. The conclusions provided good results for immediate deflections calculated by approximate methods in service situations, as well for approximate methods that consider reinforcement in ultimate limit state. / Este trabalho refere-se à consideração dos efeitos da não-linearidade física aplicados ao comportamento de vigas de concreto armado submetidas à flexão simples. É salientada a importância do tema, bem como os diversos trabalhos originados deste estudo. O comportamento marcadamente não-linear dos materiais aço e concreto é descrito juntamente com noções básicas sobre a manifestação da não-linearidade física. Os modelos constitutivos abordados e utilizados na análise estrutural são baseados em diagramas momento-curvatura. São abordados os tipos de análises e os métodos aproximados da norma brasileira NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2007) que visam a consideração da não-linearidade física na verificação dos Estados Limites (Último e de Serviço). Nos exemplos numéricos, a eficácia dos modelos constitutivos que empregam relações momento-curvatura é verificada mediante a comparação com resultados experimentais de vigas de concreto armado. Também são elaborados exemplos numéricos que mostram a aplicação dos métodos aproximados, cujos resultados são confrontados com os obtidos por análise nãolinear. Dentre as conclusões da pesquisa, destacam-se os resultados satisfatórios fornecidos pelos métodos aproximados na estimativa de flechas imediatas de vigas em análises do Estado Limite de Serviço e, pelos métodos aproximados que consideram a quantidade de armaduras em análises do Estado Limite Último.
163

AVALIAÇÃO DEFLECTOMÉTRICA E DE RIGIDEZ: ESTUDO DE CASO EM TRÊS TRECHOS MONITORADOS EM SANTA MARIA/RS / DEFLECTION EVALUATION AND RIGIDITY: A CASE STUDY IN THREE MONITORED SECTIONS IN SANTA MARIA/RS

Bueno, Lucas Dotto 08 July 2016 (has links)
Petróleo Brasileiro S/A / It is unusual practice, in national projects of new pavements and restorations, the consideration of viscoelastic behavior and non-linear elastic of materials that compound or will compound the layers of pavement. However, the linear elastic response is a simplification of the actual behavior of the pavements layers, since the materials used in the structure have dependent stiffness of the stress state (granular layers and subgrades) or temperature and load application time (asphalt concrete). Therefore, it was aimed to study the behavior of the pavements structures of three monitored sections in the city of Santa Maria/RS. For this, tests were performed with the equipment FWD applying four different loads in each stake that compounds the extension of the three sections. It was found from deflection basins and backcalculated resilient moduli the nonlinear elastic behavior of granular layers (base and sub-base) of the sections 1 and 2, with resilient modulus directly proportional to the increase of the confining pressure. The subgrades of both sections exhibited varied behavior and can be simplified by the linear elasticity without considerable loss. The same happened to the asphalt concrete of section 1. On the other hand, the coating of the section 2 resulted in resilient modules dependent of the increase of vertical surface tension in the center of the load plate. In relation to section 3, the results related only to deflection measures indicated mostly behavior near of linearity in all evaluated reading distances, except for that carried out under the load application. Sequentially to load pulses, also were determined deflections with the Benkelman beam, aiming to find a local correlation between the results obtained from different equipments. The deflections basins indicated higher values, measured with the beam, in relation to those determined by FWD. Consequently, the resilient modules were higher when determined from the backcalculation of the readings taken with FWD, in relation to Benkelman beam. In parallel, it was verified and quantified the influence of bounding conditions between the layers and correction, total or partial, of deflections basins, depending on the temperature, in backcalculated resilient moduli. It was found that the assignment of total bounding in the interfaces between the layers reduces considerably the backcalculated resilient moduli of granular materials. Regarding to the temperature correction, it is appropriate the determination of the rigidity of the granular materials and the subgrade by performing backcalculation without any adjustment in the field basins. Taking these values as a basis, it was considered appropriate to repeat the iterative procedure, with adjustment of the deflections depending on the temperature in the initial readings, thereby determining the new asphalt concrete resilient moduli. / Não é prática usual, em projetos nacionais de pavimentos novos e restaurações, a consideração do comportamento viscoelástico e elástico não linear dos materiais que constituem, ou que irão constituir as camadas do pavimento. Todavia, a resposta elástica linear é uma simplificação do comportamento real das camadas dos pavimentos, já que os materiais empregados na estrutura possuem rigidez dependente do estado de tensões (camadas granulares e subleitos) ou da temperatura e tempo de aplicação de carga (concretos asfálticos). Em vista disso, buscou-se estudar o comportamento das estruturas dos pavimentos de três trechos monitorados, na cidade de Santa Maria/RS. Para isso, foram realizados ensaios com o equipamento FWD, aplicando quatro diferentes carregamentos em cada estaca que compõe a extensão dos três trechos. Verificou-se, a partir das bacias deflectométricas e dos módulos de resiliência retroanalisados, o comportamento elástico não linear das camadas granulares (base e sub-base) dos Trechos 1 e 2, com módulo de resiliência diretamente proporcional ao incremento da tensão confinante. Os subleitos de dois trechos exibiram comportamento variado, podendo ser simplificados pela elasticidade linear, sem prejuízo considerável. O mesmo aconteceu para o concreto asfáltico do Trecho 1. Já o revestimento do Trecho 2 resultou em módulos resilientes dependentes do incremento da tensão vertical na superfície no centro da placa de carga. Em relação ao Trecho 3, os resultados, referentes apenas às medidas deflectométricas, indicaram comportamento majoritariamente próximo da linearidade em todas as distâncias de leitura avaliadas, com exceção daquela medida abaixo do centro da placa de carga. Sequencialmente aos pulsos de carga, foram determinadas também as deflexões com a viga Benkelman, objetivando encontrar uma correlação local entre os resultados obtidos a partir dos diferentes equipamentos. As bacias deflectométricas indicaram valores superiores, medidos com a viga, em relação àqueles determinados pelo FWD. Consequentemente, os módulos de resiliência foram maiores quando determinados a partir da retroanálise de leituras efetuadas com o FWD, em relação à viga Benkelman. Em paralelo, foi verificada e quantificada a influência das condições de aderência entre as camadas e da correção, total ou parcial, das bacias deflectométricas, em função da temperatura, nos módulos de resiliência retroanalisados. Constatou-se que a atribuição de aderência total nas interfaces entre as camadas reduz consideravelmente os módulos de resiliência retroanalisados dos materiais granulares. Em relação à correção de temperatura, verificou-se adequada a determinação da rigidez dos materiais granulares e subleito mediante a realização da retroanálise sem nenhum ajuste nas bacias de campo. Tomando estes valores como base, julgou-se pertinente a repetição do procedimento iterativo, com ajuste das deflexões em função da temperatura nas leituras iniciais, determinando assim o novo módulo de resiliência do revestimento.
164

Spatio-Temporal Theory of Optical Kerr Nonlinear Instability

Nesrallah, Michael J. January 2016 (has links)
This work derives a nonlinear optical spatio-temporal instability. It is a perturbative analysis that begins from Maxwell’s equations and its constituent relations to derive a vectorial nonlinear wave equation. In fact, it is a new theoretical method that has been developed that builds on previous aspects of nonlinear optics in a more general way. The perturbation in the wave equation derived is coupled with its complex conjugate which has been taken for granted so far. Once decoupled it gives rise to a second-order equation and thus a true instability regime because the wavevector can become complex. The solution obtained for the perturbation that co-propagates with the driving laser is a generalization to modulation and filamentation instability, extending beyond the nonlinear Schrodinger and nonlinear transverse diffusion equations[1][2]. As a result of this new mechanism, new phenomena can be explored. For example, the Kerr Nonlinear Instability can lead to exponential growth, and hence amplification. This can occur even at wavelengths that are typically hard to operate at, such as into far infrared wave- lengths. This provides a mechanism for obtaining amplification in the far infrared from a small seed pulse without the need for population inversion. The analysis provides the basic framework that can be extended to many different avenues. This will be the subject of future work, as outlined in the conclusion of this thesis.
165

Distribution de la non-linéarité des fonctions booléennes / Distribution of Boolean functions Nonlinearity

Dib, Stephanie 11 December 2013 (has links)
Parmi les différents critères qu'une fonction booléenne doit satisfaire en cryptographie, on s'intéresse à la non-linéarité. Pour une fonction booléenne donnée, cette notion mesure la distance de Hamming qui la sépare des fonctions de degré au plus 1. C'est un critère naturel pour évaluer la complexité d'une fonction cryptographique, celle-ci ne devant pas admettreune approximation qui soit simple, comme par une fonction de degré 1, ou plus généralement une fonction de bas degré. Ainsi, il est important de considérer plus généralement, la non-linéarité d'ordre supérieur, qui pour un ordre donné r, mesure la distance d'une fonction donnée à l'ensemble des fonctions de degré au plus r. Cette notion est également importante pour les fonctions vectorielles, i.e., celles à plusieurs sorties. Quand le nombre de variables est grand, presque toutes les fonctions ont une non-linéarité (d'ordre 1) voisine d'une certaine valeur, assez élevée. Dans un premier travail, on étend ce résultat à l'ordre 2. Cette méthode qui consiste à observer comment les boules de Hamming recouvrent l'hypercube des fonctions booléennes, nous conduit naturellement vers une borne de décodage théorique des codes de Reed-Muller d'ordre 1, coïncidant au même endroit où se concentre la non-linéarité de presque toutes les fonctions ; une approche nouvelle pour un résultat pas entièrement nouveau. On étudie aussi la non-linéarité des fonctions vectorielles. On montre avec une approche différente, que le comportement asymptotique est le même que celui des fonctions booléennes: une concentration de la non-linéarité autour d'une valeur assez élevée. / Among the different criteria that a Boolean function must satisfy in symmetric cryptography, we focus on the nonlinearity of these. This notion measures the Hamming distance between a given function and the set of functions with degree at most 1. It is a natural criterion to evaluate the complexity of a cryptographic function that must not have a simple approximation as by a function of degree 1, or more generally, a function of low degree. Hence, it is important to consider the higher order nonlinearity, which for a given order r, measures the distance between a given function and the set of all functions of degree at most r. This notion is equally important for multi-output Boolean functions. When the number of variables is large enough, almost all Boolean functions have nonlinearities lying in a small neighbourhood of a certain high value. We prove that this fact holds when considering the second-order nonlinearity. Our method which consists in observing how the Hamming balls pack the hypercube of Boolean functions led quite naturally to a theoretical decoding bound for the first-order Reed-Muller code, coinciding with the concentration point of the nonlinearity of almost all functions. This was a new approach for a result which is not entirely new. We also studied the nonlinearity of multi-output functions. We proved with a different approach, that the asymptotic behaviour of multi-output functions is the same as the single-output ones: a concentration of the nonlinearity around a certain large value.
166

Grades de difração induzidas eletromagneticamente em vapores atômicos / Electromagnetically induced diffraction gratings in atomic vapors

Carvalho, Silvânia Alves de, 1983- 08 January 2011 (has links)
Orientador: Luís Eduardo Evangelista de Araujo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T17:59:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_SilvaniaAlvesde_D.pdf: 4970692 bytes, checksum: f260af26ecacc7e92b1246968850ff9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nesta tese apresentamos o estudo teórico de grades de difração induzidas em meios atômicos na condição de transparência induzida eletromagneticamente (EIT). As grades atômicas que serão descritas baseiam-se na não-linearidade Kerr gigante exibida pelos átomos sob EIT. No primeiro estudo realizado, a grade atômica é gerada a partir da modulação da não-linearidade Kerr através de uma onda estacionária. Neste estudo, aplicamos a teoria de ondas acopladas, desenvolvida originalmente para grades acústicas e holográficas, para a grade atômica de modo a obter uma expressão analítica para a eficiência de difração em primeira ordem. Altas eficiências de difração de um feixe de prova ressonante são previstas para incidência próxima ao ângulo de Bragg. Em um segundo estudo, descrevemos uma grade atômica do tipo ¿blazed¿ criada através da inserção de uma máscara de intensidade em um dos feixes responsáveis pela não-linearidade Kerr do meio. Eficiências de difração em primeira ordem para o feixe de prova próximas a 100% foram obtidas. Por último, discutimos uma grade de difração induzida na condição de coerência máxima entre os estados fundamentais de um átomo. Esta grade difrata não somente o feixe de prova incidente, mas também um segundo feixe gerado por mistura de quatro ondas. Apesar desta última grade apresentar eficiência de difração muito menor do que as duas grades anteriores, esta grade pode operar em vários comprimentos de onda diferentes, embora envolva sempre um feixe ressonante com alguma transição atômica. Além da contribuição teórica, trabalhos experimentais relacionados à área de aprisionamento e resfriamento de átomos foram realizados. Inicialmente, um experimento de espectrocopia de fotoassociação próximo ao limite de dissociação em uma amostra de 85Rb é apresentado. Em seguida, uma fonte de laser em 423 nm, formada por um laser de Ti-Sa com dobramento intracavidade através de um cristal LBO, que foi construída e estabilizada é descrita / Abstract: In this thesis we present a theoretical study on induced diffraction gratings in atomic media under electromagnetically induced transparency condition. The atomic gratings which will be described are based on the giant Kerr nonlinearity displayed by the atoms under EIT. In the first study, the atomic grating is generated from the modulation of the Kerr nonlinearity through a stationary wave. In this study, we apply coupled wave theory, originally developed for acoustic and holographic gratings, for an atomic grating in such a way that an analytical expression for the first order diffraction is obtained. High diffraction efficiencies of the resonant probe beam are predicted for incidence near Bragg angle. In a second study, we describe a blazed-type atomic grating created through the insertion of an intensity mask in one of the beam responsible for the Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. First order diffraction for the probe beam near 100% efficiency was observed. Finally, we discuss a diffraction grating induced under maximum coherence condition between the ground states of an atom. This grating diffracts not only the probe beam, but also a second beam generated by four wave mixing. Although this last grating shows a diffraction efficiency much smaller than the previous one, this grating can operate in several wavelengths, although involving a beam resonant with an atomic transition. Besides the theoretical contribution, experimental works related to the cooling and trapping of atoms were implemented. Initially, an experiment of photoassociation spectroscopy near the dissociation limit in a sample of cold rubidium atoms is presented. Following, a homebuilt laser source at 423 nm formed by a Ti-Sapphire laser with intracavity frequency doubling through a LBO crystal that was stabilized is described / Doutorado / Física Atômica e Molecular / Doutora em Ciências
167

Materiálově nelineární řešení prutových konstrukcí / Material nonlinear solution of beam structures

Kabeláč, Jaromír Unknown Date (has links)
The dissertation deals with solution of beam and frame structure considering material nonlinearity. The finite elements method (FEM) was used as calculation method. The objective of the dissertation was to develop and test finite beam element considering material nonlinearity. A detailed analysis of the problem provided a group of formulations of beam element. Part of the dissertation´s results has been, in several forms, implemented in commercial software. Beam element focused on solution of stress over solid cross sections is introduced in the theoretical part. In terms of topology it is a classical prismatic beam element with two nodes. Six degrees of freedom for translations and rotations are defined in each node plus 7-th degree of freedom for warping function from torsion. Load form axial force, bending moments, primary torsion, shear forces and eventually bimoment for secondary torsion were considered in cross section. Several variants of formulations were created according to inclusion of loading components into material nonlinearity and according to numeric integration method. Inclusion of geometric nonlinearity and fire resistance calculation are discussed in the dissertation. The above mentioned formulations were tested on prototypes as described in the application part which also provides information on the general procedure, architecture and technologies used for implementation of knowledge from the theoretical part into commercial FEM software. The dissertation shows implementation of plasticity for shell, solutions of cross section characteristics and stress on cross section, implementation of beam element with material nonlinearity and module for fire resistance of column. The above mentioned implementations of theoretical conclusions are the main outputs of the dissertation. These implementations are available in thousands of installations throughout Europe where being used at projection of significant constructions.
168

Studie nárazu dopravního prostředku do stavební konstrukce. / Study of impact of a transport vehicle into a structure.

Sychrová, Šárka January 2013 (has links)
Master's thesis deals with the analysis of the impact of transport vehicle on a building structure. Transport vehicle is represented by an airliner and building structure is represented by a containment of a nuclear power plant. The aim of thesis was to explore the possibility of numerical simulation of an impact of transport vehicle on a building structure utilizing the RFEM program and evaluation of the damage extent.
169

Estudio numérico parametrizado del punzonamiento en losas de hormigón armado. Evaluación del refuerzo estructural

Navarro Menargues, Miguel 06 September 2018 (has links)
En el presente trabajo se aborda la tesis “Estudio paramétrico con FEM del refuerzo a punzonamiento de losas de hormigón armado”. Se trata de todo lo relacionado con el fenómeno resistente de punzonamiento en estructuras, especialmente en forjados construidos mediante hormigón armado. Se trata de cuatro apartados bien diferenciados. En este, el primero, se desarrolla la síntesis de la tesis, donde se marcan unos objetivos, seguido de una explicación detallada y descripción de este fenómeno mediante su estado del arte, que abarca el grueso de éste primer apartado, en el cual se describen, entre otros aspectos, las diferentes patologías producidas por el punzonamiento y casos de sucesos catastróficos que provocaron, la historia de los forjados y los principales estudios llevados a cabo sobre este fenómeno, y acabando con las principales resultados y conclusiones de la tesis. Después, el segundo y tercer apartado contienen los artículos publicados y no publicados, respectivamente, por capítulos. Por último, se desarrollan las conclusiones en el último y cuarto apartado.
170

Feasibility study of optical parametric amplification using CMOS compatible ring resonators

Jazayerifar, Mahmoud, Namdari, Meysam, Hamerly, Ryan, Gray, Dodd, Rogers, Christopher, Jamshidi, Kambiz 05 September 2019 (has links)
In this paper, we analytically describe the parametric amplification in ring resonators using silicon and silicon nitride waveguides. Achievable gain and bandwidth of the ring-based amplifiers are studied taking into account the Kerr nonlinearity for silicon nitride and Kerr nonlinearity as well as two photon absorption and free carrier absorption for silicon waveguides. Both telecom and 2-μm wavelengths are investigated in case of silicon. An approach for obtaining the optimum amplifier design without initiating the comb generation has been introduced. It is shown that there is a trade-off between the input pump and amplifier bandwidth. It is estimated that using optimum designs an amplifier with a gain and bandwidth of 10 dB and 10 GHz could be feasible with silicon ring resonators in 2 μm.

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