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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nonlinear Seismic Responses of High-Speed Railway System considering Train-Bridge Interaction / 列車-橋梁連成系を考慮した高速鉄道システムの地震時非線形応答解析

Lu, Xuzhao 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22418号 / 工博第4679号 / 新制||工||1730(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 KIM Chul-Woo, 教授 清野 純史, 教授 杉浦 邦征 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
2

[es] OPTIMIZACIÓN DE FORMA DE MODELOS BIDIMENSIONALES DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS CON COMPORTAMIENTO ELÁSTICO-PLÁSTICO / [pt] OTIMIZAÇÃO DE FORMA DE MODELOS BIDIMENSIONAIS DE ELEMENTOS FINITOS COM COMPORTAMENTO ELASTO-PLÁSTICO / [en] SHAPE OPTIMIZATION OF 2D FINITE ELEMENT MODELS CONSIDERING ELASTO-PLASTIC BEHAVIOUR

CARLOS EDUARDO KUBRUSLY DA SILVA 04 October 2001 (has links)
[pt] Este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um sistema integrado para otimização de forma de estruturas planas que tenham comportamento elasto-plástico. A metodologia implementada propõe uma alternativa à forma conservadora com que tradicionalmente as estruturas têm sido otimizadas, ou seja, admitindo-se que as mesmas possuam comportamento linear elástico. O sistema computacional é denominado integrado pois reúne diversos módulos distintos para o tratamento do problema, como modelagem geométrica, geração de malhas de elementos finitos, análise não-linear da resposta da estrutura, análise de sensibilidade,programação matemática e otimização de estruturas. A geometria do contorno da estrutura plana é definida por meio de curvas (paramétricas)B-splines cúbicas. Estas, por sua vez, são determinadas em função de um conjunto de pontos de interpolação (pontos-chave) e condições de contorno em seus vértices extremos. A correta definição da geometria da estrutura é responsável pelo sucesso do processo de otimização. A resposta da estrutura às solicitações do carregamento externo é avaliada pelo método dos elementos finitos. Para isso, é necessário que o domínio da estrutura seja discretizado. No presente trabalho foi empregado um gerador automático de malhas não estruturadas de elementos finitos isoparamétricos. A configuração de equilíbrio da estrutura é obtida através de um procedimento iterativo/incremental envolvendo o método de Newton-Raphson. Localmente, o equilíbrio é satisfeito pela aplicação de um algoritmo implícito de integração de tensões nos pontos que violarem o critério de plastificação do material. A matriz tangente de rigidez é atualizada a cada iteração da análise e é obtida de forma consistente com o algoritmo de integração das tensões, preservando as características de convergência quadrática assintótica inerentes ao método de Newton- Raphson. No procedimento iterativo de otimização é empregado um algoritmo de programac¸ ão quadrática recursiva que requer a avaliação dos gradientes da função-objetivo e restrições. Para tal, foi implementado um método semi-analítico para a determinação das sensibilidades da resposta estrutural envolvidas nas expressôes dos gradientes citados. O método leva em consideração os efeitos da plastificação ocorrida durante o carregamento da estrutura e é dito -exato- por apresentar imprecisões apenas nos casos em que a magnitude da perturbação da variável é muito pequena, não podendo ser representada corretamente pelo hardware. Os exemplos analisados mostram que a consideração do comportamento elastoplástico da estrutura na otimização de sua forma leva a configurações mais eficientes do que aquelas obtidas admitindo-se a relação linear elástica entre deformações e tensões. / [en] The main goal of this work is to present an integrated system for the optimization of plane structures with elastoplastic behavior. The methodology proposes an alternative for the conservative way in which structures traditionally have been optimized, i.e., that they present linear elastic behavior. The computational system is said to be integrated because it congregates distinct modules for the solution of the problem, such as geometric modelling, finite element mesh generation, non-linear structural response analysis, sensitivity analysis, mathematical programming and optimization of structures. The geometry of the plane structure`s boundary is defined by cubic (parametric) B-splines curves. Those, in turn, are determined by a set of interpolation points (key points) and boundary constraints at their ends. The correct definition of the structure`s geometry is responsible for the success of the optimization process.The structural response to the applied loading is evaluated by the finite element method. For that, the domain of the structure must be discretized. In the present work, an automatic unstructured mesh generator of isoparametric finite elements has been used. The equilibrium layout of the structure is obtained by an iterative/incremental procedure using the standard Newton-Raphson method. Locally, the equilibrium is satisfied by applying an implicit stress return mapping algorithm at points which violate the yield criterion of the material. The tangent stiffness matrix is updated at each analysis iteration and it is obtained in a way which is consistent with the return mapping algorithm, so that the asymptotic quadratic rate of convergence of the Newton-Raphson method is preserved. The use of a quadratic recursive programming algorithm in the optimization procedure involves the gradient evaluation of the objective function and constraints. For that, a semi-analytical method for the calculation of the response sensitivities, which appear in the gradient expressions, has been implemented. The technique takes into account the plastic effects which take place during the loading of the structure and is considered - exact- up to round-off errors, which occurs when the magnitude of the perturbation is so small that the hardware cannot accurately represent it.The examples presented demonstrate that the consideration of the elastoplastic behavior of the material during the optimization process leads to structural layouts which are more efficient than of those obtained under the assumption of linear elastic relationship between strains and stresses. / [es] Este trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar un sistema integrado para otimización de forma de extructuras planas que tengan comportamiento elástico-plástico. LA metodología implementada propone una alternativa a la forma conservadora con que tradicionalmente las extructuras han sido optimizadas, o sea, admitiendo que las poseen um comportamiento lineal-elástico. EL sistema computacional se denomina integrado pues reúne diversos módulos para el tratamiento del problema, como modelage geométrica, generación de mallas de elementos finitos, análisis no lineal de la respuesta de la extructura, análisis de sensibilidad,programación matemática y otimización de extructuras. LA geometría del contorno de la extructura plana es definida por medio de curvas (paramétricas)B splines cúbicas. Estas, por su vez, son determinadas en función de un conjunto de puntos de interpolación (puntos claves) y condiciones de contorno en sus vértices extremos. La definición correta de la geometría de la extructura es responsable por el éxito del proceso de otimización. La respuesta de la extructura a las solicitudes de carga externa se evalúa por el método de los elementos finitos. Para esto, es necesario que el dominio de la extructura sea discretizado. En este trabajo se utiliza un generador automático de mallas no extructuradas de elementos finitos isoparamétricos. La configuración de equilíbrio de la extructura se obtiene a través de un procedimiento iterativo/incremental que envuelve el método de Newton Raphson. Localmente, el equilíbrio es satisfecho por la aplicación de un algoritmo implícito de integración de tensiones en los puntos que violen el critério de plastificación del material. La matriz tangente de rigidez se actualiza a cada iteración del análisis y se obtiene de forma consistente con el algoritmo de integración de las tensiones, preservando las características de convergencia cuadrática asintótica inherentes al método de Newton Raphson. En el procedimiento iterativo de otimización se utiliza un algoritmo de programación cuadrática recursiva que requiere la evaluación de los gradientes de la función objetivo y restricciones. Para tal, se implementó un método semi analítico para la determinación de las sensibilidades de la respuesta extructural envolvidas en las expresóes de los gradientes citados. EL método lleva en consideración el hecho de que la plastificación que ocurre durante la carga de la extructura y se dice exacta por presentar imprecisiones apenas en los casos en que la magnitud de la perturbación de la variable es muy pequeña, no puede ser representada correctamente por el hardware. Los ejemplos analizados muestran que la consideración del comportamiento elástico-plástico de la extructura en la otimización de su forma lleva la configuraciones más eficientes de que aquellas obtenidas admitiendo la relación lineal elástica entre deformaciones y tensiones.
3

Holonomic Elastoplastic Truss Design Using Displacement Based Optimization

Gu, Wenjiong 10 November 2000 (has links)
A Displacement Based Optimization (DBO) approach was applied to truss design problems with material nonlinearities, to explore feasibility and verify efficiency of the approach to solve such problem. Various truss sizing problems with holonomic (path-independent) elastoplastic laws were investigated. This type of material nonlinearity allows us to naturally extend the linear elastic truss sizing in the DBO setting to nonlinear problems. A computer program that uses the commercially available optimizer DOT by VR&D and IMSL Linear Programming solver by Visual Numerics was developed to solve this type of problems. For comparison, we chose an important class of minimum-weight truss design problems, where holonomic linear strain hardening behavior was used. Additional examples of optimum design of trusses with elastic perfectly plastic material response that could be easily solved by Limit Design approach using linear programming were investigated for comparison. All demonstrated examples were tested successfully using the DBO approach. Solutions of comparable examples were consistent with the available results by other methods. Computational effort associated with the DBO approach was minimal for all the examples studied. Optimum solutions of several examples proved that the DBO approach is particularly suited for truss topology design where removal of truss members is essential. / Master of Science
4

Preliminary Design of Slender Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridge Pier Systems

Kuzmanovic, Aleksandar 26 June 2014 (has links)
Feasible span-to-depth ratios for many modern bridge systems have been identified and documented in literature. No such parameters have been adequately identified in terms of proportioning bridge piers. This thesis includes a study of 22 existing reinforced concrete highway bridges and their respective pier systems to determine the state-of-the-art in design. The effect of different geometric and material parameters such as concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and slenderness ratio on the structural behavior of individual piers and multiple pier systems was examined. Approximate methods, which may be used for the purposes of preliminary design are discussed and reviewed. Serviceability and ultimate limit states design aids that can be used to identify appropriate preliminary cross-sectional pier dimensions and reinforcement ratios for individual piers given various slenderness ratios were developed. The structural behavior as well as an approach to the preliminary design of multiple pier bridge systems is presented.
5

Preliminary Design of Slender Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridge Pier Systems

Kuzmanovic, Aleksandar 26 June 2014 (has links)
Feasible span-to-depth ratios for many modern bridge systems have been identified and documented in literature. No such parameters have been adequately identified in terms of proportioning bridge piers. This thesis includes a study of 22 existing reinforced concrete highway bridges and their respective pier systems to determine the state-of-the-art in design. The effect of different geometric and material parameters such as concrete strength, reinforcement ratio and slenderness ratio on the structural behavior of individual piers and multiple pier systems was examined. Approximate methods, which may be used for the purposes of preliminary design are discussed and reviewed. Serviceability and ultimate limit states design aids that can be used to identify appropriate preliminary cross-sectional pier dimensions and reinforcement ratios for individual piers given various slenderness ratios were developed. The structural behavior as well as an approach to the preliminary design of multiple pier bridge systems is presented.
6

Earthquake Performance Of Un-stiffened Thin Steel Plate Shear Walls

Morel, Osman Fuat 01 January 2004 (has links) (PDF)
In this study two dimensional steel frames, reinforced with un-stiffened thin steel panels, are investigated. In the first part of the study, the strip model, a method for analyzing un-stiffened thin steel plate shear walls, was investigated. Sensitivity studies to investigate the influence of the number of strip members to be used to in the strip model and their angle of inclination were conducted. In the second part, responses of various un-stiffened steel plate shear wall systems to lateral loads were investigated. The influences of three major parameters were studied. These are the beam-to-column connection type, the boundary frame stiffness and the plate slenderness ratio (the ratio of the centerline column spacing to the thickness of the plate). In both parts nonlinear pushover analysis were performed with SAP2000 structural analysis program. In this study, the history of development, theory and advantages of un-stiffened thin steel plate shear walls and recommendations for this lateral load resisting system are presented.
7

CONTRIBUIÇÕES AO ESTUDO DA NÃO-LINEARIDADE FÍSICA EM VIGAS DE CONCRETO ARMADO / CONTRIBIUTIONS AT THE ESTUDY OF MATERIAL NONLINEARITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS

Silva, Aline Alessandra Eduarda Farias da 01 March 2012 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This work refers to consideration of the effects of material nonlinearity applied to the behavior of reinforced concrete beams subjected to simple bending. The importance of the topic is highlight, as well as several works stemming from this study. The nonlinear behavior of steel and concrete are described along with understanding the manifestation of material nonlinearity. The constitutive models discussed and used in structural analysis are based on moment-curvature diagrams. The types of analysis and the approximate methods of the Brazilian standard NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2007) for the consideration of material nonlinearity in the verification of limit states (Ultimate and Service) are discussed. In numerical examples, the efficiency of constitutive models that employ moment-curvature relationship is verified by comparing with experimental results of reinforced concrete beams. The results of approximate methods are compared with those obtained by nonlinear analysis. The conclusions provided good results for immediate deflections calculated by approximate methods in service situations, as well for approximate methods that consider reinforcement in ultimate limit state. / Este trabalho refere-se à consideração dos efeitos da não-linearidade física aplicados ao comportamento de vigas de concreto armado submetidas à flexão simples. É salientada a importância do tema, bem como os diversos trabalhos originados deste estudo. O comportamento marcadamente não-linear dos materiais aço e concreto é descrito juntamente com noções básicas sobre a manifestação da não-linearidade física. Os modelos constitutivos abordados e utilizados na análise estrutural são baseados em diagramas momento-curvatura. São abordados os tipos de análises e os métodos aproximados da norma brasileira NBR 6118 (ABNT, 2007) que visam a consideração da não-linearidade física na verificação dos Estados Limites (Último e de Serviço). Nos exemplos numéricos, a eficácia dos modelos constitutivos que empregam relações momento-curvatura é verificada mediante a comparação com resultados experimentais de vigas de concreto armado. Também são elaborados exemplos numéricos que mostram a aplicação dos métodos aproximados, cujos resultados são confrontados com os obtidos por análise nãolinear. Dentre as conclusões da pesquisa, destacam-se os resultados satisfatórios fornecidos pelos métodos aproximados na estimativa de flechas imediatas de vigas em análises do Estado Limite de Serviço e, pelos métodos aproximados que consideram a quantidade de armaduras em análises do Estado Limite Último.
8

Materiálově nelineární řešení prutových konstrukcí / Material nonlinear solution of beam structures

Kabeláč, Jaromír Unknown Date (has links)
The dissertation deals with solution of beam and frame structure considering material nonlinearity. The finite elements method (FEM) was used as calculation method. The objective of the dissertation was to develop and test finite beam element considering material nonlinearity. A detailed analysis of the problem provided a group of formulations of beam element. Part of the dissertation´s results has been, in several forms, implemented in commercial software. Beam element focused on solution of stress over solid cross sections is introduced in the theoretical part. In terms of topology it is a classical prismatic beam element with two nodes. Six degrees of freedom for translations and rotations are defined in each node plus 7-th degree of freedom for warping function from torsion. Load form axial force, bending moments, primary torsion, shear forces and eventually bimoment for secondary torsion were considered in cross section. Several variants of formulations were created according to inclusion of loading components into material nonlinearity and according to numeric integration method. Inclusion of geometric nonlinearity and fire resistance calculation are discussed in the dissertation. The above mentioned formulations were tested on prototypes as described in the application part which also provides information on the general procedure, architecture and technologies used for implementation of knowledge from the theoretical part into commercial FEM software. The dissertation shows implementation of plasticity for shell, solutions of cross section characteristics and stress on cross section, implementation of beam element with material nonlinearity and module for fire resistance of column. The above mentioned implementations of theoretical conclusions are the main outputs of the dissertation. These implementations are available in thousands of installations throughout Europe where being used at projection of significant constructions.
9

Contribuição ao estudo das respostas numéricas não-lineares estática e dinâmica de estruturas reticuladas planas / Contribution to the study of static and dynamic numerical nonlinear responses of plane frames

Paula, Cristina Ferreira de 06 April 2001 (has links)
O trabalho trata da formulação e implementação numérica de modelos matemáticos do comportamento de estruturas considerando-se as não-linearidades física e geométrica. O equilíbrio na posição deslocada é formulado via Princípio dos Trabalhos Virtuais, empregando-se o método dos elementos finitos para a discretização espacial das estruturas e busca de soluções aproximadas. Inicialmente destaca-se com base no caso de treliças planas o emprego de medidas de deformação e tensão conjugadas energeticamente. Particularizando-se a formulação geral do equilíbrio para os pórticos planos apresenta-se uma análise crítica das formulações lagrangiana total e atualizada. Em seguida, tendo-se em vista aplicações às estruturas em concreto armado, aborda-se o comportamento não-linear físico pela mecânica do dano em meios contínuos, empregando-se os modelos de dano para o concreto propostos por Mazars e La Borderie. Estendem-se os estudos do comportamento estrutural não-linear físico (dano) e geométrico incorporando-se a análise dinâmica. Utiliza-se para integração no domínio do tempo o método implícito de Newmark combinado com o procedimento incremental e iterativo de Newton-Raphson. O amortecimento é levado em conta por meio da regra de Rayleigh. Exemplos consistindo de análises não lineares estática e dinâmica de estruturas reticulares planas compõem numéricas. Os resultados obtidos ilustram o desempenho e as potencialidades das formulações empregadas. / The formulation and numerical implementation of mathematical models of the structural behavior of plane frames considering material and geometrical nonlinearities are treated in this work. The Principle of Virtual Work is presented in order to characterize the equilibrium in the displaced position. The structure is discretized by the finite element method. Plane trusses analysis is performed in order to show how important it is to take into account the strain and stress tensors energetically conjugated. Being particularized, the general equilibrium formulation for the plane frames a critical analysis of the total and updated lagrangian formulations is presented. The material nonlinear behavior is modeled by continuum damage mechanics by using both Mazars and La Boderie\'s damage models. The nonlinear analysis is extended including the dynamic response of the reinforced concrete plane frames. The usual iterative Newton-Raphson technique is used combined with implicit Newmark method in order to carry out the integration at time. The damping is introduced by means of the Rayleigh\'s rule. Numerical analysis by a suitable computer program show the theoretical results considering static and dynamic response of plane frames.
10

Uma abordagem probabilista da ruptura de painéis tracionados de concreto de granulometria fina armados com telas soldadas / A probabilistic approach to the failure of tensioned microconcrete panels reinforced by welded wire grids

Silva, Ana Rita Cordeiro da 22 February 2002 (has links)
A resistência à ruptura de materiais frágeis como o concreto de granulometria fina é fortemente dependente de sua heterogeneidade, do tamanho da amostra e da heterogeneidade das tensões. A partir de uma abordagem probabilista, fundamentada no modelo de Weibull, este trabalho trata da influência de tais efeitos sobre a resistência à tração de painéis compósitos formados por concreto de granulometria fina e telas soldadas. Desde que as armaduras se mantenham em regime elástico, mostra-se que o modelo de Weibull de dois parâmetros pode ser empregado com sucesso na previsão da ruptura dos painéis compósitos em estudo. Os parâmetros foram então identificados com medidas de ensaios de flexão em três e em quatro pontos de barras de concreto de granulometria fina de dois tamanhos diferentes. A utilização do modelo de Weibull confirmou, por outro lado, a validade da teoria de misturas como ferramenta para estimar as resistências de rupturas locais correspondentes a diferentes níveis de formação de fissuras / The rupture strength of brittle materials such as the microconcrete is strongly dependent on the microstructural heterogeneity, the sample size and the stress heterogeneity. Using a probabilistic approach, based on the Weibull distribution, this work deals with the influence of such effects on the tensile strength of composite panels formed by microconcrete and welded wire grids. Provide the reinforcements behaves in elastic regime, it is shown that the model of Weibull of two parameters can be used with success to predict the failure of the composite panels studied. The parameters were then identified from measurements of flexural tests in three and in four points of two different sizes of microconcrete samples. The feasibility of the Weibull model validates, as well, the rule of mixture as a satisfactory tool to estimate local failure strengths of related to different levels of cracking

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