Certain features unique to the Pacific Northwest influence landsliding in this region. Weakly consolidated sediments, dense vegetation and seasonally concentrated rainfall all contribute to the distinctive conditions that are encountered here. This study gathers together information applying to the recognition and correction of Pacific Northwest landslides. Treatment practices common to this region are discussed. A large slide located about 30 miles east of Portland, Oregon along the Clackamas River is used as an example. Exploration, instrumentation, analysis and corrective measures are illustrated.

Graduation date: 1973

This study examines the relationship between fishing activities of Pacific Northwest albacore fishermen and the availability of albacore. Tactical responses of troll-boat fishermen were compared to changes in daily apparent albacore abundance. Tactical responses included boat aggregation and total applied effort (number of boats) within a particular area, and net daily distances traveled by individual boats and the medial center of the fleet. Apparent abundance estimates were derived from logbook catch records collected during the 1968, 1969 and 1970 seasons. Fishing power estimates of individual vessels allowed comparisons to be made of the most successful and least successful boats. In general, the most successful boats were larger, fished nearer the fleet center, traveled less net distance each day and caught more but smaller fish than the less successful boats. The magnitude of the differences between the most successful and least successful boats decreased progressively from 1968 to 1970. Apparent abundance fluctuations were synchronous in separate areas of the 1968 fishery but not in the 1969 and 1970 fisheries. Fluctuations tended to be periodic in 1969 and 1970 but not in 1968. No generalizations as to apparent abundance (patchiness, size of albacore concentrations) could be determined among years. Fishermen responded quickly to changes in apparent abundance during 1968. Boats were highly aggregated on days of high catches, and dispersed on days of low catches. Fishermen responses during 1969 were one day out of phase with catches. Boats aggregated one day after days of high catches, indicating that fishermen experienced difficulty in staying on concentrations of fish. In 1970 fishermen experienced no difficulty in staying on fish concentrations as record daily catches were reported. According to interviews and questionnaires, albacore fishermen rely heavily on inter-boat communications for planning their daily fishing tactics. A consequence of this reliance on radio communication appears to be a greater degree of boat aggregation and less willingness to scout in areas away from the central fleet area. Areas to the north and south of the central fleet were shown to have high estimates of albacore abundance but were exploited by very few boats. Greater dispersal of the fleet and use of several survey boats are suggested as a means of increasing the total fishing catch. / Graduation date: 1974

Graduation date: 1977

Graduation date: 1997

This dissertation examines prehistoric culture change in the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast of North America during the Locarno Beach (3500 – 1100 BP) and Marpole (2000 – 1100 BP) periods. The Marpole culture has traditionally been seen to possess all the traits associated with complex hunter-gatherers on the Northwest Coast (hereditary inequality, multi-family housing, storage-based economies, resource ownership, wealth accumulation, etc.) while the Locarno Beach culture has not. This research examined artifact and faunal assemblages as well as data for art and mortuary architecture from a total of 164 Gulf of Georgia archaeological site components. Geographic location and ethnographic language distribution were also compared to the archaeological data. Analysis was undertaken using Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA), a new statistical methodology developed in the course of this research. Results indicated that Marpole culture was not a regional phenomenon but rather was much more spatially and temporally discrete than previously known. Artifactual assemblages identified as Marpole were restricted to the areas of the Fraser River, northern Gulf Islands and portions of Vancouver Island, an area contiguous with both Mitchell’s (1971b) “Fraser River Fishermen” economic sub-area and the ethnographic territory of the Downriver and Island Halkomelem peoples. In contrast, the geographic area of Mitchell’s (1971b) “Straits Reef-net Fishermen”, the ethnographic territory of the Straits Salish, showed no sign of Marpole culture but rather a presence of Late Locarno Beach culture. The pattern found in artifacts was replicated in the distribution of art and mortuary architecture variation suggesting the cultural differences between Marpole and Late Locarno Beach cultures was real and not a statistical anomaly. The matching distribution of prehistoric cultural variability and the ethnographic pattern of language groups indicate a long standing and stable cultural dynamic within the Gulf of Georgia.

This dissertation examines prehistoric culture change in the Gulf of Georgia region of the Northwest Coast of North America during the Locarno Beach (3500 – 1100 BP) and Marpole (2000 – 1100 BP) periods. The Marpole culture has traditionally been seen to possess all the traits associated with complex hunter-gatherers on the Northwest Coast (hereditary inequality, multi-family housing, storage-based economies, resource ownership, wealth accumulation, etc.) while the Locarno Beach culture has not. This research examined artifact and faunal assemblages as well as data for art and mortuary architecture from a total of 164 Gulf of Georgia archaeological site components. Geographic location and ethnographic language distribution were also compared to the archaeological data. Analysis was undertaken using Integrative Distance Analysis (IDA), a new statistical methodology developed in the course of this research. Results indicated that Marpole culture was not a regional phenomenon but rather was much more spatially and temporally discrete than previously known. Artifactual assemblages identified as Marpole were restricted to the areas of the Fraser River, northern Gulf Islands and portions of Vancouver Island, an area contiguous with both Mitchell’s (1971b) “Fraser River Fishermen” economic sub-area and the ethnographic territory of the Downriver and Island Halkomelem peoples. In contrast, the geographic area of Mitchell’s (1971b) “Straits Reef-net Fishermen”, the ethnographic territory of the Straits Salish, showed no sign of Marpole culture but rather a presence of Late Locarno Beach culture. The pattern found in artifacts was replicated in the distribution of art and mortuary architecture variation suggesting the cultural differences between Marpole and Late Locarno Beach cultures was real and not a statistical anomaly. The matching distribution of prehistoric cultural variability and the ethnographic pattern of language groups indicate a long standing and stable cultural dynamic within the Gulf of Georgia.

Vitamin A, protein, iron, zinc, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were studied in the food system of the Sahtu (Hareskin) Dene/Metis of Fort Good Hope (FGH) and Colville Lake (CL), NWT. Traditional foods contributed significantly more (p 00% of the Canadian Recommended Nutrient Intake (RNI) for protein, iron, and zinc but vitamin A consumption was generally $<$50% RNI. In all seasons, market foods provided significantly more vitamin A (p $ le$ 0.05) than traditional foods for FGH adults. Body weights were assessed for comparison of PCB intakes with the tolerable daily intake level (TDI) $(<$1 ug/kg body wt/day). Women $ ge$19 yrs weighed 59.9 $ pm$ 10.7 kg while men weighed 71.7 $ pm$ 11.4 kg. Most of the adult population consumed $<$25% TDI for PCBs.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Illinois, 1937 / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-70). Also issued in print and microfiche.

Thesis (M.A.) in History--University of Maine, 2008. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-125).