This thesis examines soapstone carving among Inuit in Lake Harbour, NWT, as a socially adapted form of employment. A time allocation diary, participant observation and informal interviews were implemented. The empirical evidence reveals two important aspects of soapstone carving. First, carving acts as an important source of income for the mostly part-time carvers and their families in Lake Harbour. As such, carving functions as part of a household economic strategy that serves to capitalize the harvest of country food. Second, it notes that Inuit often produce carvings collectively, usually with the help of family members. Also, the returns from the carvings are shared not only among those who participate in the production of the sculpture, but among members of the extended family as a whole, following the patterns of kinship-based food-sharing. Thus, not only is carving an important supplement to other forms of income, it is an integral part of the existing social forms of Inuit society, most notably generalized reciprocity.

Fish resources of the Northwest Territories are receiving increased pressure by sports and commercial fisheries. This pressure is a result of northern resource development and an expanding tourist industry. The Fisheries Service of the Federal Department of Environment formed a Fisheries Management Division in 1971 to manage existing and proposed fisheries on a sustained yield basis. This study deals with compiling an inventory and assessment method to evaluate the fisheries potential of the Northwest Territories for the purpose of fisheries management. The method is based on an ecological framework and a classification of factors required for the fisheries management decision and the effective utilization of fish resources. Trends in transportation and fisheries organization were discussed for determining areas where fishing industries may potentially develop. Three time scales to area development potential in the Northwest Territories are used as priorities for field application of the method.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1973. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 147-156).

The Yellowknife greenstone belt has produced approximately 14 million ounces of gold, 13 of which came from the well explored southern half of the belt. The northern half of the belt, where the Discovery Property (1 million ounce past producer) is located, is not as well explored, but geologically very similar to the gold producing southern half. Gold on the Discovery Property, Northwest Territories, has been historically mined from a quartz vein formed adjacent to Archean metabasaltic bodies enclosed in metasedimentary rocks. Some of the metasedimentary rocks are correlated to the Archean Banting Group, based on a U-Pb age of 2.66 Ga on zircon (SHRIMP-RG). The metabasalt is correlated to the Banting Group based on its deposition relationship with the adjacent metasedimentary rocks. The Banting Group is present in the Yellowknife greenstone belt, located near the well-known Con and Giant Mines near Yellowknife, 90 km to the south. The two gold deposits forming the Discovery Property contains almost 2 million ounces in past production and current resources. The historical Discovery Mine was developed in quartz veins hosted in the metasedimentary rocks folded around the northern tip of one of the metabasalt bodies. In contrast, the newly defined Ormsby Zone consists of gold in silicified and sulphidized domains within metamorphosed pillowed and brecciated mafic volcanic rocks, and shares many characteristics with other Archean Orogenic gold deposits. Pyrrhotite ± arsenopyrite is directly correlated with the gold-bearing zones. Gold is also associated with pyrite and retrograde phases of chlorite, sericite and carbonate. Through detailed outcrop mapping and petrography the history of structural and metamorphic events are sequenced and the relative time of gold mineralization placed into the geological framework. Peak-metamorphic mineral assemblages on the property record upper greenschist to amphibolite facies conditions. Rocks on the Discovery Property have undergone at least four foliation-forming, deformational events. Three generations of folding are described, as well as a vertical lineation across the property. Gold mineralization occurred post-ductile fabric forming deformation, post-peak metamorphism, and syn-retrograde metamorphism. Although no visible evidence was observed mapping, metamorphic data present the possibility of a regional scale fault separating two metamorphic domains on the property. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Two separate areas which are located in the southern portion of the Coppermine River area were surveyed by the author during the summer of 1957. The area under investigation is underlain by the upper part of the Epworth Series and the lower part of the Coppermine River Series. Because of the lack of fossils in these series, they are presumed to be of late Precambrian age. The upper part of Epworth Series is represented by dolomite and interbedded quartzite. The lower part of the Coppermine River Series is represented by a series of basalt flows which are typical tholeiites, and interbedded sandstone in its upper part. A monzonite dyke crosses the basalt flows and sandstone at a high angle and is parallel to the main basaltic dyke swarm seen in the Takiyuak Lake area. The common structural feature is a series of tension faults trending from N10°E to N45°E and N10°W to N20°W, This is believed to have originated by the compressive force from the north induced by the Caledonian movement. The ore minerals, mainly chalcocite, occur in quartz-carbonate veins in feeder dykes and flow tops of basalt. Flakes of native copper are occasionally found in the fractures of the basalt flows. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Reindeer (Eangifev tarandus tarandus L.) winter rangeland in the Tuktoy-aktuk Peninsula area, N.W.T., was studied using a ground-truth/large-scale (1:1,400-1:3,400) remote sensing program. Ground-truth of vegetation, soils and general environment was conducted at 112 representative sites located throughout the study area. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) of vegetation cover by 420 plant taxa assigned sites among four broadly-defined 'vegetation groups'. The vegetation groups could be considered as ecosystemic units since they are also differentiated by a range of site parameters, including slope position classes, general cover features measured in 10 m x 10 m plots, mineral soil texture classes, the occurrence of organic soils and ice-wedge polygons, and certain soil physical and chemical parameters. Lichens are of particular importance as the winter diet mainstay for the reindeer, and differences among vegetation groups are reflected by dominant lichen taxa, and lichen ground cover, biomass and standing crop estimates. Lichen cover at sites ranged up to 89.3% and, for sites where lichen cover >20%, standing crop ranged from 194.4 to 6,377.6 kg.ha⁻¹. Large-scale colour-infrared (CIR) 70 mm stereo photographs were acquired throughout the study area along 44 flightlines, and a total of 1,469 photo-frames were interpreted and inventoried. Data were summarized according to 7 reindeer management zones defined within the study area. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

This study of politics in the Northwest Territories concentrates on the period from 1966 to 1976 and is organized around the central theme of ethnicity. While other approaches to politics in the N.W.T. are possible, that of political development has been rejected as inappropriate and that of dependence has been set aside in so far as possible to allow concentration on the internal political system in the N.W.T. This thesis attempts to establish that ethnicity is salient in politics in the N.W.T. and to describe the resulting implications for conflict regulation. Ethnic groups are defined as groups sharing a common set of values, beliefs, and goals, bound by kinship ties, and possessing a set of communal institutions separate and apart from those of other groups. If ethnicity is salient, then evidence should be found that critical issues deal with questions of scarcity, that conflict groups are organized along ethnic lines, and that problems of legitimacy arise from the tendency toward secession inherent where ethnicity is salient. A framework for discussion of the implications for conflict regulation is provided by Nordlinger in his Conflict Regulation in Divided Societies. A discussion of indigenous societies before the arrival o of Europeans is provided along with a consideration of the changes brought by the fur trade, mineral exploration, and the development of permanent settlements after WW II. After 1966 instead of a single integrated society and culture in the N.W.T., there is a dual economy and society divided along ethnic lines between Whites with their middle-class, southern Canadian culture on the one hand, and the two indigenous native groups, the Dene and the Inuit, on the other. These divisions are reflected in the existence of both a modern wage economy and a traditional land-based economy in the N.W.T. and in the differing sets of goals, values, and beliefs of native and White people in the N.W.T. Evidence for the salience of ethnicity is provided in three areas: 1) each of the central political issues in the N.W.T. involves scarcity in that both native and White positions cannot be adopted simultaneously, 2) conflict groups are at least partially organized along ethnic lines, and 3) legitimation problems are evident at the three levels of electoral politics in the N.W.T. The implications of the recognition of the salience of ethnicity in politics in the N.W.T. are examined in terms of the elements necessary for successfulv conflict regulation as set out by Nordlinger. While the necessary condition of structured elite predominance appears to exist, conflict group leaders appear to lack conflict regulating motives which would create sufficient conditions for conflict regulation. Further, the only conflict regulating practice which appears to offer any hope of success is a combination of compromise and concession. The attempt to produce a workable compromise might introduce division among native groups in the N.W.T. and even of the N.W.T. itself. The possibility of devising any compromise which could regulate conflict in the N.W.T. is made even more remote by the dependent status of the N.W.T. and outside pressure for development. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

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